陕西彬长矿区NDVI3g(1982-2013)变化趋势及气候响应
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摘要
过去30 a,全球归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)呈增加趋势,植被返青期(SOS)提前,枯黄期(EOS)滞后,生长期(LOS)延长。作为人类经济活动最密集的工矿区,其生态环境问题是环境与发展的焦点问题之一,在全球变化的背景下,研究矿区及周边地区NDVI趋势,能很好地反映区域尺度上非自然生态区植被变化及对全球变化的响应。基于GIMMS AVHRR NDVI3g长时间序列遥感影像,利用IDL编程、线性回归、趋势拟合提取研究区1982—2013年植被覆盖的物候信息,分析矿区、缓冲区(10 km,20 km)及生态校验区月度、季度、年际变化情况,推算出植被SOS,EOS与LOS长度变化趋势,并结合气象观测记录分析气候驱动因子(降水、气温)与NDVI变化相关性。时序相关性分析表明:32 a彬长矿区年均NDVI总量随时间序列缓慢升高,32 a增长百分比达13. 31%;生态校验区NDVI总量随时间序列升高趋势明显,32 a增长百分比达19. 45%;受人类活动影响,矿区NDVI阶段增长百分比明显低于生态校验区。空间相关性分析表明:彬长矿区NDVI原始基底值高于校验区,植被SOS提前6±3 d,EOS滞后5±3 d,LOS延长11±3 d;生态校验区植被SOS提前3±3d,EOS滞后3±3 d,LOS延长6±3 d;矿区植被LOS延长天数高于生态校验区5 d。气候相关性分析表明:彬长矿区处于半湿润气候区,植被对气温变化的响应高于降水,植被生长对降水有2～3 a的滞后性,NDVI的增加与该区气温升高、降水减少的共同作用有关。研究认为,采矿活动使得矿区及其周边地区植被活动放缓,年均NDVI增长率明显低于生态校验区;在全球变化作用下,植被LOS延长的基础上,人类活动使得矿区植被LOS被再度延长。
In the past 30 years, the global normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) showed an increasing trend,the start of the vegetation growing season(SOS) was advanced, the end of the growing season(EOS) was delayed and the length of growing season(LOS) was prolonged. As the most intensive industrial and mining area of human economic activities, its ecological environment is one of the focal issues of environment and development. Under the background of global climate change, the NDVI trend in the mining area and around can well reflect vegetation change in non-natural ecological zones and its response to global change at regional scale. Based on the long-term sequence of GIMMS AVHRR NDVI3 g remote sensing images, the phenological information of vegetation cover was extracted by using IDL programming, linear regression and trend fitting in the study area from 1982 to 2013. Analyzing the monthly, quarterly and annually variations of the mining area,buffer zone(10 km,20 km) and its calibration area,the variation trends in SOS, EOS and LOS length were obtained, and finally the correlation between the climatic driving factors(i. e. precipitation, temperature) and the change of NDVI was analyzed combined with meteorological records. The temporal-correlation analysis demonstrates that the average annual NDVI of Binchang mining area increased slowly with an annual growth rate of 13.31% over the past 32 years. But the total NDVI in natural ecological check area(CK) showed apparent growth trend with an annual growth rate up to 19.45%. Therefore,it can be concluded that the annual growth rate of NDVI in mining areas is significantly lower than that in the CK under the influence of human activities. Spatial-correlation analysis indicates that the original NDVI value of the Binchang mining area is higher than that of the CK. In the mining area,the vegetation SOS is 6±3 days ahead of time,the EOS lags behind 5±3 days and the LOS extends 11±3 days. The corresponding values in the CK area are 3±3 days,3±3 days and 6±3 days,respectively. The extension of LOS in the mining area is longer than that in CK for 6 days. Climate-correlation analysis shows that Binchang mining area is located in the semi-humid climate zone. As a result,the response of vegetation to temperature change is higher than to precipitation,and vegetation growth has a lag of 2 to 3 years in response to precipitation.In other word,the increase of NDVI depends on the interactions of temperature rise and precipitation decrease. The study concludes that the mining activities slow down the vegetation growth in the mining area and around, and the annual growth rate of NDVI is obviously lower than that in the CK. Under the effects of global change and based on the extension of LOS, the vegetation LOS extends further in the mining area due to the human activities.
In the past 30 years, the global normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) showed an increasing trend,the start of the vegetation growing season(SOS) was advanced, the end of the growing season(EOS) was delayed and the length of growing season(LOS) was prolonged. As the most intensive industrial and mining area of human economic activities, its ecological environment is one of the focal issues of environment and development. Under the background of global climate change, the NDVI trend in the mining area and around can well reflect vegetation change in non-natural ecological zones and its response to global change at regional scale. Based on the long-term sequence of GIMMS AVHRR NDVI3 g remote sensing images, the phenological information of vegetation cover was extracted by using IDL programming, linear regression and trend fitting in the study area from 1982 to 2013. Analyzing the monthly, quarterly and annually variations of the mining area,buffer zone(10 km,20 km) and its calibration area,the variation trends in SOS, EOS and LOS length were obtained, and finally the correlation between the climatic driving factors(i. e. precipitation, temperature) and the change of NDVI was analyzed combined with meteorological records. The temporal-correlation analysis demonstrates that the average annual NDVI of Binchang mining area increased slowly with an annual growth rate of 13.31% over the past 32 years. But the total NDVI in natural ecological check area(CK) showed apparent growth trend with an annual growth rate up to 19.45%. Therefore,it can be concluded that the annual growth rate of NDVI in mining areas is significantly lower than that in the CK under the influence of human activities. Spatial-correlation analysis indicates that the original NDVI value of the Binchang mining area is higher than that of the CK. In the mining area,the vegetation SOS is 6±3 days ahead of time,the EOS lags behind 5±3 days and the LOS extends 11±3 days. The corresponding values in the CK area are 3±3 days,3±3 days and 6±3 days,respectively. The extension of LOS in the mining area is longer than that in CK for 6 days. Climate-correlation analysis shows that Binchang mining area is located in the semi-humid climate zone. As a result,the response of vegetation to temperature change is higher than to precipitation,and vegetation growth has a lag of 2 to 3 years in response to precipitation.In other word,the increase of NDVI depends on the interactions of temperature rise and precipitation decrease. The study concludes that the mining activities slow down the vegetation growth in the mining area and around, and the annual growth rate of NDVI is obviously lower than that in the CK. Under the effects of global change and based on the extension of LOS, the vegetation LOS extends further in the mining area due to the human activities.
引文
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[5] LOS S 0,COLLATZ G J,BOUNOUA L,et al. Global inter annual variations in sea surface temperature and land surface vegetation,air temperature, and precipitation[J]. J. Climate, 2001,14:1535-1549.
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[11] PROSPER LAARI Basommi,GUAN Qingfeng, CHENG Dandan.Exploring Land use and Land cover change in the mining areas of Wa East District,Ghana using Satellite Imagery[J]. Meteorology&Atmospheric Sciences,2015(1):618-626.
[12] HUANG Yi,TIAN Feng, WANG Yunjia,et al. Effect of coal mining on vegetation disturbance and associated carbon loss[J]. Environ.Earth Sci.,2015,73:2329-2342.
[13]徐占军,侯湖平,张绍良,等.釆矿活动和气候变化对煤矿区生态环境损失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):232-239.XU Zhanjun,Hou Huping,ZHANG Shaoliang,et al. Effects of mining activity and climatic change on ecological losses in coal mining areas[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engi-neering,2012,28(5):232-239.
[14]郝成元,杨志茹.基于MODIS数据的潞安矿NPP时空格局[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(11):1840-1844.HAO Chengyuan, YANG Zhiru. Net primary production and its spatial-temporal in Lu'an mining area based on MODIS data[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(11):1840-1844.
[15]马超,张晓克,郭增长,等.半干旱山区采矿扰动植被指数时空变化规律[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(7):750-758.MA Chao,ZHANG Xiaoke,Guo Zengzhang,et al. Spatial-temporal variation of vegetation index caused by mining subsidence in semiarid mountain regions[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(7):750-758.
[16]康萨如拉,牛建明,张庆,等.草原区矿产开发对景观格局和初级生产力的影响——以黑岱沟露天煤矿为例[J].生态学报,2014,34(11):2855-2867.KANG Sarula,NIU Jianming,ZHANG Qing,et al. Impacts of mining on landscape pattern and primary productivity in the grassland of Inner Mongolia:A case study of Heidaigou open pit coal mining[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(11):2855-2867.
[17] JENSEN J R.遥感数字影像处理导论[M].陈晓玲,龚威,李平湘,等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2007:215-219.
[18] LASAPONARA R. On the use of principal component analysis(PCA)for evaluating inter annual vegetation anomalies from SPOT/VEGETATION NDVI temporal series[J]. Ecological Modeling,2006,194(4):429-434.
[19] STOW D,DAESCHNER S,HOPE A,et al. Variability of the seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index across the north slope of Alaska in the,1990s[J]. Remote Sensing,2003,24(5):1111-1117.
[20] DU PLESSIS W P. Linear regression relationships between NDVI,vegetation and rainfall in Etosha National Park, Namibia[J]. Arid Environments,1999(42):235-260.
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