菱铁矿直接还原-低阶煤提质一体化扩大试验
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摘要
菱铁矿作为中国重要的铁矿资源,因具有"贫、细、杂"的特点,常规选矿工艺无法对其进行有效分选;此外,中国低阶煤通常被用作低级燃料直接燃烧使用,导致大气污染严重。因此,开发复杂难选铁矿石及低阶煤资源高效清洁利用新技术,将具有重要现实意义。以难选的低品位菱铁矿和难利用低阶煤为对象,开展菱铁矿直接还原与低阶煤提质一体化扩大试验研究。以神府烟煤为还原剂,在直接还原温度为1 050℃,时间为120 min,C/Fe质量比为2.50,脱硫剂配比为6%,干式磁选磁场强度为0.15 T,一段磨矿细度小于0.074 mm占50%左右,湿式磁选磁场强度为0.08 T,二段磨矿细度小于0.074 mm占90%左右,磁选磁场强度为0.043 T的条件下,可获得直接还原铁(DRI)粉铁品位91.03%、铁总回收率81.33%的良好指标;同时每吨DRI固定碳质量分数为76.11%的半焦产品产出率为1 340 kg,其质量达到工业及民用燃料兰炭Ⅰ级品标准。在煤基直接还原工艺中一步成功实现低阶煤半焦化提质和铁矿直接还原,不仅可制备电炉炼钢原料,还可以生产新型的清洁燃料半焦。
Siderite resource is abundant in China but characterized by low iron grade, multiple metals co-existence and fine dissemination; thus, siderite is refractory to beneficiate and difficult to upgrade by traditional beneficiation processes. On the other hand, the low-rank coal in China is generally used for direct combustion which leads to serious air pollution. Therefore, it is of considerable realistic significance to utilize the domestic refractory iron ores and low-rank coal effectively and cleanly. The typical low-grade siderite and refractory low-rank coal are used as raw materials to develop the pilot-scale research on integrated process of coal-based direct reduction of siderite and synchronously coal upgrading. With Shenfu bituminous coal as reducing agent,the final DRI powder assaying 91.04% Fe was obtained at a total iron recovery of 81.33%, under conditions of reduction at 1 050 ℃ for 120 min,mass ratio of C/Fe of 2.50, 6% desulfurizer, and dry magnetic field intensity of 0.15 T, following the procedure of the first-stage wet grinding of reduced siderite sample up to 50% passing 0.074 mm, separating at magnetic field intensity of 0.08 T, the second-stage wet grinding up to 90% passing 0.074 mm, and then separating at 0.043 T. At the same time, the yield of semi-coke with fixed carbon content of 76.11% was 1 340 kg per ton DRI and the quality of this semi-coke reached the Grade I of industrial and civil fuel standard. The integrated process simultaneously achieves semi-coking upgrading of low-rank coal and direct reduction of iron ore, which can produce not only raw material for steelmaking in electric furnace but also new clean fuel.
Siderite resource is abundant in China but characterized by low iron grade, multiple metals co-existence and fine dissemination; thus, siderite is refractory to beneficiate and difficult to upgrade by traditional beneficiation processes. On the other hand, the low-rank coal in China is generally used for direct combustion which leads to serious air pollution. Therefore, it is of considerable realistic significance to utilize the domestic refractory iron ores and low-rank coal effectively and cleanly. The typical low-grade siderite and refractory low-rank coal are used as raw materials to develop the pilot-scale research on integrated process of coal-based direct reduction of siderite and synchronously coal upgrading. With Shenfu bituminous coal as reducing agent,the final DRI powder assaying 91.04% Fe was obtained at a total iron recovery of 81.33%, under conditions of reduction at 1 050 ℃ for 120 min,mass ratio of C/Fe of 2.50, 6% desulfurizer, and dry magnetic field intensity of 0.15 T, following the procedure of the first-stage wet grinding of reduced siderite sample up to 50% passing 0.074 mm, separating at magnetic field intensity of 0.08 T, the second-stage wet grinding up to 90% passing 0.074 mm, and then separating at 0.043 T. At the same time, the yield of semi-coke with fixed carbon content of 76.11% was 1 340 kg per ton DRI and the quality of this semi-coke reached the Grade I of industrial and civil fuel standard. The integrated process simultaneously achieves semi-coking upgrading of low-rank coal and direct reduction of iron ore, which can produce not only raw material for steelmaking in electric furnace but also new clean fuel.
引文
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[10] Zhu D Q,Guo Z Q,Pan J,et al.Synchronous upgrading iron and phosphorus removal from high phosphorus oolitic hematite ore by high temperature flash reduction[J].Metals,2016,6(6):123.
[11] 罗克庸,王巨敏.回转窑海绵铁含硫量的控制[J].钢铁钒钛,1982(2):55.(Luo K Y,Wang J M.Control of sulfur content in sponge iron in rotary kiln[J].Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium,1982(2):55.)
[12] 朱德庆,罗艳红,潘建,等.新疆某菱铁矿直接还原-磁选试验研究[J].中国废钢铁,2014(2):26.(Zhu D Q,Luo Y H,Pan J,et al.A study on beneficiation of Xinjiang siderite by direct reduction-magnetic separation process[J].Iron and Steel Scrap of China,2014(2):26.)
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[14] 陈辉,肖友刚,赵先琼,等.回转窑内二元颗粒物料的径向混合[J].工程科学学报,2016,38(2):194.(Chen H,Xiao Y G,Zhao X Q,et al.Transverse mixing of binary solid materials in a rotating kiln[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2016,38(2):194.)
[15] Hill K M,Gioia G,Amaravadi D,et al.Moon patterns,sun patterns,and wave breaking in rotating granular mixtures[J].Complexity,2005,10(4):79.
[16] Conway S L,Troy S,Glasser B J.A taylor vortex analogy in granular flows[J].Nature,2004,431(7007):433.
[17] 聂其红,孙绍增,李争起,等.褐煤混煤燃烧特性的热重分析法研究[J].燃烧科学与技术,2001,7(1):72.(Nie Q H,Sun S Z,Li Z Q,et al.Thermogravimetric analysis on the cobustion characteristics of brown coal blends[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2001,7(1):72.)
[18] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 25211—2010兰炭产品技术条件[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.(General Administration of Quality Supervision,nspection and Quarantine of the People′s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People′s Republic of China.GB/T 25211—2010 Specifications of Blue-coke[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2010.)
[2] 周小飏.2017年中国进口铁矿石创历史新高[EB/OL].界面新闻(2018-01-15)[2018-05-20].http://www.jiemian.com/article/1881783.html.(Zhou X Y.China′s imports of iron ore in 2017 set a new high [EB/OL].Interface News(2018-01-15)[2018-07-24].http://www.jiemian.com/article/1881783.html.)
[3] 李艳军,杨光,赵瑞超,等.含菱铁矿难选铁矿石的特点及选矿技术研究趋势[J].矿产综合利用,2015(2):12.(Li Y J,Yang G,Zhao R C,et al.Feature of refractory iron ore containing siderite and its research trends of beneficiation technology[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,2015(2):12.)
[4] British P.BP statistical review of world energy[EB/OL].British Petroleum(2018-06-13)[2018-07-24].https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2018-full-report.pdf.
[5] 陈雯,张立刚.复杂难选铁矿石选矿技术现状及发展趋势[J].有色金属:选矿部分,2013(S1):19.(Chen W,Zhang L G.Present situation and development trend of mineral processing technology for complex refractory iron ore[J].Nonferrous Metals:Mineral Processing Section,2013(S1):19.)
[6] 阎赞,李丽匣,袁致涛,等.含碳酸盐铁矿石选别技术现状及发展趋势[J].矿产保护与利用,2015(1):69.(Yan Z,Li L X,Yuan Z T,et al.Status and trends of processing technology of carbonate-containing iron ore[J].Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources,2015(1):69.)
[7] 薛子兴.菱铁矿煤基直接还原焙烧-磁选工艺及机理研究[D]//长沙:中南大学,2013.(Xue Z X.Research on Process and Mechanism of Coal Based Reduction and Magnetic Separation of Siderite[D]//Changsha:Central South University,2013.)
[8] 胡源,冯立斌.我国煤热解多联产技术的发展概况[J].能源研究与信息,2013,29(2):63.(Hu Y,Feng L B.Development of the poly-generation technology based on coal pyrolysis in China[J].Energy Research and Information,2013,29(2):63.)
[9] 何威.菱铁矿磁化焙烧-磁选基础研究[D]//长沙:中南大学,2012.(He W.The Basic Research on Magnetizing Roasting-Magnetic Separation of Siderite[D]//Changsha:Central South University,2012.)
[10] Zhu D Q,Guo Z Q,Pan J,et al.Synchronous upgrading iron and phosphorus removal from high phosphorus oolitic hematite ore by high temperature flash reduction[J].Metals,2016,6(6):123.
[11] 罗克庸,王巨敏.回转窑海绵铁含硫量的控制[J].钢铁钒钛,1982(2):55.(Luo K Y,Wang J M.Control of sulfur content in sponge iron in rotary kiln[J].Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium,1982(2):55.)
[12] 朱德庆,罗艳红,潘建,等.新疆某菱铁矿直接还原-磁选试验研究[J].中国废钢铁,2014(2):26.(Zhu D Q,Luo Y H,Pan J,et al.A study on beneficiation of Xinjiang siderite by direct reduction-magnetic separation process[J].Iron and Steel Scrap of China,2014(2):26.)
[13] Englewood C.2014 world direct reduction statistics[EB/OL].Midrex Technologies,Inc(2015-06-23)[2018-05-20].http://www.midrex.com/assets/user/media/MidrexStatsbook20141.pdf.
[14] 陈辉,肖友刚,赵先琼,等.回转窑内二元颗粒物料的径向混合[J].工程科学学报,2016,38(2):194.(Chen H,Xiao Y G,Zhao X Q,et al.Transverse mixing of binary solid materials in a rotating kiln[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2016,38(2):194.)
[15] Hill K M,Gioia G,Amaravadi D,et al.Moon patterns,sun patterns,and wave breaking in rotating granular mixtures[J].Complexity,2005,10(4):79.
[16] Conway S L,Troy S,Glasser B J.A taylor vortex analogy in granular flows[J].Nature,2004,431(7007):433.
[17] 聂其红,孙绍增,李争起,等.褐煤混煤燃烧特性的热重分析法研究[J].燃烧科学与技术,2001,7(1):72.(Nie Q H,Sun S Z,Li Z Q,et al.Thermogravimetric analysis on the cobustion characteristics of brown coal blends[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2001,7(1):72.)
[18] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 25211—2010兰炭产品技术条件[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.(General Administration of Quality Supervision,nspection and Quarantine of the People′s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People′s Republic of China.GB/T 25211—2010 Specifications of Blue-coke[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2010.)
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