近61年来长江荆南三口水系连通性演变特征
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摘要
基于1955～2016年不同时期的长江荆南三口水系相关数据,从水系水力连通性强度、水系连通度和水系连通性水平三视角分析研究区水系连通变化过程。结果表明:2016年与1955年相比,(1)区域的水文连通性呈现下降的趋势,但变化幅度不大;(2)水系连通环度α、节点连接率β、水系连通度γ分别减少了45.45%、10.8%、8.46%,节点连接率β下降得最为明显;(3)基于水系自然社会功能的水系连通性(E)和基于水流阻力与水文过程(F)这两种水系连通性评价方法,联合评价了荆南三口水系连通性,两种结果均显示,研究区水系连通性均呈下降趋势,由1955年的0.2367和0.3434依次下降到2016年的0.1588、0.2517。该研究可为该地区实施河湖水系连通工程,修复河流生态系统提供理论参考。
Based on the data of river network of the Southern Jing river in different period from 1955 to 2016, the changing process of river network connectivity was studied from three aspects: strength of river system and hydraulic connectivity, river network connectivity and level of river network connection. Results show that comparing with 1955, in 2016,(1) the hydrological connectivity demonstrated a decrease trend but with moderate changes;(2) the circuitry of river network connectivity α, node-connection rate β, and river network connectivity γ were all decreased by 45.45%, 10.80% and 8.46%, respectively, of which the node-connection rate β demonstrated the most significant trend;(3) based on two methods evaluating the river network connectivity(e.g. ① E: river network connectivity with respect to the natural and social functions of river network, and ② F: river network connectivity with respect to the hydrological process and flow resistance) the river network connectivity of the three outlets of Southern Jing river has been collectively evaluated. Both of the results derived from the two individual method show that river network connectivity in the study area presented a downtrend that decreased from 0.2367 and 0.3434 in 1955 to 0.1588 and 0.2517 in 2016, respectively. The results of this article could be theoretical references for both river network or lake connectivity recovery projects and riverine ecological system restoration.
Based on the data of river network of the Southern Jing river in different period from 1955 to 2016, the changing process of river network connectivity was studied from three aspects: strength of river system and hydraulic connectivity, river network connectivity and level of river network connection. Results show that comparing with 1955, in 2016,(1) the hydrological connectivity demonstrated a decrease trend but with moderate changes;(2) the circuitry of river network connectivity α, node-connection rate β, and river network connectivity γ were all decreased by 45.45%, 10.80% and 8.46%, respectively, of which the node-connection rate β demonstrated the most significant trend;(3) based on two methods evaluating the river network connectivity(e.g. ① E: river network connectivity with respect to the natural and social functions of river network, and ② F: river network connectivity with respect to the hydrological process and flow resistance) the river network connectivity of the three outlets of Southern Jing river has been collectively evaluated. Both of the results derived from the two individual method show that river network connectivity in the study area presented a downtrend that decreased from 0.2367 and 0.3434 in 1955 to 0.1588 and 0.2517 in 2016, respectively. The results of this article could be theoretical references for both river network or lake connectivity recovery projects and riverine ecological system restoration.
引文
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[14] PHILLIPS R W,SPENCE C,POMEROY J W.Connectivity and runoff dynamics in heterogeneous basina[J].Hydorl Process,2011,25(19):3061-3075.
[15] 韩龙飞,许有鹏,邵玉龙,等.城市化对水系结构及其连通性的影响:以秦淮河中下游为例[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(3):335-341.HAN L F,XU Y P,SHAO Y L,et al.Effect of urbanization on the stream structure and connectivity-A case study in the midlower reaches of the qinhuai river[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2013,25(3):335-341.
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[17] 徐慧,徐向阳,崔广柏,等.景观空间结构分析在城市水系规划中的应用[J].水科学进展,2007,18(1):108-113.XU H,XU X Y,CUI G B,et al.Application of landscape spatialstructure analysis in urban water system planning[J].Advancesin Water Science,2007,18(1):108-113.
[18] 周振民,刘俊秀,郭威,等.郑州市水系格局与连通性评价[J].人民黄河,2015,37(10):54-57.ZHOU Z M,LIU J X,GUO W,et al.Evaluation of water systemstructure and connectivity in Zhengzhou City[J].Yellow River,2015,37(10):54-57.
[19] 孟慧芳,许有鹏,徐光来,等.平原河网区河流连通性评价研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,25(5);626-631.MENG H F,XU Y P,XU G L,et al.Study on rivers connectivity evaluation in plain river network area[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2014,25(5);626-631.
[20] 李景保,钟一苇,周永强,等.三峡水库运行对洞庭湖北部地区水资源开发利用的影响[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(9):1583-1593.LI J B,ZHONG Y W,ZHOU Y Q,et al.Impacts of the operation of threeg gorges reservoir on the development and utilization of water resources of northern dongting lake area[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(9):1583-1593.
[21] 李景保,何霞,杨波,等.长江中游荆南三口断流时间演变特征及其影响机制[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(10):1713-1723.LI J B,HE X,YANG B,et al.Temporal Evolution of Dried up Days and the Influencing Mechanisms at Three Outlets along Jingjiang[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(10):1713-1723.
[22] 于丹丹,杨波,李景保,等.近61年来长江荆南三口水系结构演变特征及其驱动因素分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(04):13-20.YU D D,YANG B,LI J B,et al.Analysis on the evolution characteristics and driving factors of the Jingnan Three Port river structure of yangtze river in recent 61years[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2017,28(4):13-20.
[23] BRATH A,MONTANNRI A,MORETTI G.Assessing the effect on flood frequency of land use change via hydrological simulation(with uncertainty)[J].Journal Processes,2007,21(13):1749-1763.
[24] WESTEN A W,BLOSCHL G,GRAYSON R B.Toward capturing hydrologically significant connectivity in spatial patters[J].Water Resources Research.2001,37(1):83-97.
[25] FREEMAN M.C.,PRINGLE C.M.,JACKSON C.R.Hydrologic connetivity and the conteibution of stream headwaters ti ecological integrity at regional scales[J].Journal of the American Watre Resources Association.2007,43(1):5-14.
[26] 徐光来.太湖平原水系结构与连通变化及其对水文过程影响研究[D].南京:南京大学,2012.XU G L.Changes of river network structure and connectivity of Taihu lake basin and its influence on hydrology process[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2012.
[27] 王柳艳.太湖流域腹部地区水系结构、河湖连通与及功能分析[D].南京:南京大学,2013.WANG L Y.Study of river system structure,river-lake connectivity and function in the Core Regions of Taihu Lake Basin[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2013.
[28] 何晓蓉,李辉霞,范建蓉,等.青藏高原流域廊道体系对生态环境的影响[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(2):97-99.HE X R,LI H X,FAN J R,et.Influences of Corridor System on Eco-environment of Basin in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Rescarch of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(2):97-99.
[29] 罗坤,蔡永立,郭纪光,等.崇明岛绿色河流廊道景观格局[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(10):908-913.LUO K,CAI Y L,GUO J G,et al.Landscape patterns of green stream corridors in Chongming Island[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin ,2009,18((10):908-913.
[2] GUBIANI E A,GOMES L C,AGOSTINHO A A,et al.Persistence of fish populationa in the upper Parana River:effects of water regulation by dams[J].Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2007,16(2):191-197.
[3] LASNE E,LEK S,LAFFAILLE P.Patterns in fish assemblages in the Loire floodplain:the role of hydrological connectivity and implications for conservation[J].Biological Conservation,2007,139(3):258-268.
[4] LANE S N,BROOKES C J,KIRKBY M J,et al.A network-index-based version of TPOMODEL for use with high-resolution digital topographic data[J].Hydrological processes,2004,18(1):191-201.
[5] BRACKEN L J,CROKE J.The concept of hydrological connectivity and its contribution to understanding runoff-dominated geomorphic systems[J].Hydrological processes,2007,21(13):1749-1763
[6] TETZLAFF D,SOULSBY C,BIRKEL C.Hydrological connectivity and microbiological fluxes in montane catchments:the role of seasonality and climatic variability[J].Hydrol Process,2010,24(9):1231-1235.
[7] PRINGLE C.What is hydrologic connectivity and why is it ecologically important?[J].Hydrological Processes,2003,17(13):2685-2689.
[8] 夏军,高扬,左其亭,等.河湖水系连通特征及其利用[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(1):26-31.XIA J,GAO Y,ZUO Q T ,et al.Characteristics of Interconnected Rivers System and Its Ecological Effects on Water Environment[J].Progress in Geography,2012,31(1):26-31.
[9] 长江水利委员会.维护健康长江,促进人水和谐研究报告[R].武汉:长江水利委员会,2005.
[10] 张欧阳,熊文,丁洪亮,等.长江流域水系连通特征及其影响因素分析[J].人民长江,2010,41(1):1-5.ZHANG O Y,XIONG W,DING H L,et al.Drainage connectivity characteristics and influential factors of yangtze river basin[J].YAangtze River,2010,41(1):1-5.
[11] 徐光来,许有鹏,王柳艳.基于水流阻力与图论的河网连通性评价[J].水科学进展,2012,23(6):776-781.XU G L,XU Y P,WANG L Y.Evaluation of river network connectivity based on hydraulic resistance and graph theory[J].Advances in Water Science,,2012,23(6):776-781.
[12] 孟祥永,陈星,陈栋一,等.城市水系连通性评价体系研究[J].河海大学(自然科学版),2014,42 (1):24-28.MENG X Y,CHEN X,CHEN D Y,et al.Evaluation system of urban water system connectivity[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2014,42 (1):24-28.
[13] LESSCHEN J P,SCHOORL J M,CAMMERAAT L H.Modelling runoff and erosion for a serni-arid catchment using a multi-scale approach based on hydrological connectivity[J].Geomorphology,2009,109(3):174-183.
[14] PHILLIPS R W,SPENCE C,POMEROY J W.Connectivity and runoff dynamics in heterogeneous basina[J].Hydorl Process,2011,25(19):3061-3075.
[15] 韩龙飞,许有鹏,邵玉龙,等.城市化对水系结构及其连通性的影响:以秦淮河中下游为例[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(3):335-341.HAN L F,XU Y P,SHAO Y L,et al.Effect of urbanization on the stream structure and connectivity-A case study in the midlower reaches of the qinhuai river[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2013,25(3):335-341.
[16] HUANG S L,LEE Y C,BUDD W W,et al.Analysis of change in farm pond netword connectivity in the peri-urban landscape of the Taoyuan area,Taiwan[J].Environmental management,2012,49(4):915-928.
[17] 徐慧,徐向阳,崔广柏,等.景观空间结构分析在城市水系规划中的应用[J].水科学进展,2007,18(1):108-113.XU H,XU X Y,CUI G B,et al.Application of landscape spatialstructure analysis in urban water system planning[J].Advancesin Water Science,2007,18(1):108-113.
[18] 周振民,刘俊秀,郭威,等.郑州市水系格局与连通性评价[J].人民黄河,2015,37(10):54-57.ZHOU Z M,LIU J X,GUO W,et al.Evaluation of water systemstructure and connectivity in Zhengzhou City[J].Yellow River,2015,37(10):54-57.
[19] 孟慧芳,许有鹏,徐光来,等.平原河网区河流连通性评价研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,25(5);626-631.MENG H F,XU Y P,XU G L,et al.Study on rivers connectivity evaluation in plain river network area[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2014,25(5);626-631.
[20] 李景保,钟一苇,周永强,等.三峡水库运行对洞庭湖北部地区水资源开发利用的影响[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(9):1583-1593.LI J B,ZHONG Y W,ZHOU Y Q,et al.Impacts of the operation of threeg gorges reservoir on the development and utilization of water resources of northern dongting lake area[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(9):1583-1593.
[21] 李景保,何霞,杨波,等.长江中游荆南三口断流时间演变特征及其影响机制[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(10):1713-1723.LI J B,HE X,YANG B,et al.Temporal Evolution of Dried up Days and the Influencing Mechanisms at Three Outlets along Jingjiang[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(10):1713-1723.
[22] 于丹丹,杨波,李景保,等.近61年来长江荆南三口水系结构演变特征及其驱动因素分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(04):13-20.YU D D,YANG B,LI J B,et al.Analysis on the evolution characteristics and driving factors of the Jingnan Three Port river structure of yangtze river in recent 61years[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2017,28(4):13-20.
[23] BRATH A,MONTANNRI A,MORETTI G.Assessing the effect on flood frequency of land use change via hydrological simulation(with uncertainty)[J].Journal Processes,2007,21(13):1749-1763.
[24] WESTEN A W,BLOSCHL G,GRAYSON R B.Toward capturing hydrologically significant connectivity in spatial patters[J].Water Resources Research.2001,37(1):83-97.
[25] FREEMAN M.C.,PRINGLE C.M.,JACKSON C.R.Hydrologic connetivity and the conteibution of stream headwaters ti ecological integrity at regional scales[J].Journal of the American Watre Resources Association.2007,43(1):5-14.
[26] 徐光来.太湖平原水系结构与连通变化及其对水文过程影响研究[D].南京:南京大学,2012.XU G L.Changes of river network structure and connectivity of Taihu lake basin and its influence on hydrology process[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2012.
[27] 王柳艳.太湖流域腹部地区水系结构、河湖连通与及功能分析[D].南京:南京大学,2013.WANG L Y.Study of river system structure,river-lake connectivity and function in the Core Regions of Taihu Lake Basin[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2013.
[28] 何晓蓉,李辉霞,范建蓉,等.青藏高原流域廊道体系对生态环境的影响[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(2):97-99.HE X R,LI H X,FAN J R,et.Influences of Corridor System on Eco-environment of Basin in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Rescarch of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(2):97-99.
[29] 罗坤,蔡永立,郭纪光,等.崇明岛绿色河流廊道景观格局[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(10):908-913.LUO K,CAI Y L,GUO J G,et al.Landscape patterns of green stream corridors in Chongming Island[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin ,2009,18((10):908-913.
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