四川茂县新磨村高位滑坡铲刮作用分析
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摘要
2017年6月24日,四川省茂县叠溪镇新磨村发生高位顺层山体滑坡,滑动高差达1 160 m,滑动平距约2 200 m。该滑坡的滑动方量巨大,与其滑动过程中产生的铲刮效应有关。为分析其铲刮效应,文章通过现场调查、遥感影像解译和无人机航拍图像,确定该滑坡的滑动全过程为:多次历史地震造成滑坡源区岩体结构破碎,降雨沿顶部裂隙入渗导致水压力增大及石英砂岩中的薄层板岩软化,在长期疲劳效应下斜坡上部岩体最终发生滑动;上部滑体在运移过程中,对斜坡中部浅表风化层、部分基岩及下部老滑坡堆积体进行铲刮并重新堆积。采用Rockfall软件模拟源区滑体的运动路径、速度与能量,结果表明:在碎屑流区和老滑坡堆积区都存在明显的集中铲刮作用,整个滑坡的高危险区也主要位于该区域,所以危险性分区可代表不同滑坡区域的铲刮程度。计算得两个区域的铲刮方量分别为4. 9×10~6,4. 38×10~6m~3,滑坡总方量为13. 35×10~6m~3。该模拟和计算方法迅速有效,可为以后类似滑坡的应急、救灾和铲刮方量计算提供参考。
On 24 June 2017,a bedding landslide occurred in Diexi town,Maoxian County,Sichuan,China.The elevation difference of this landslide reached 1 160 m,with a long run-out of 2 200 m. The huge volume of this landslide is relevant to the entertainment during sliding. For researching the effect of entertainment,this paper reveals the process of this landslide based on site investigation,remote sensing image and UAV imagery data: historical earthquakes resulted in broken structures of rock masses; rainfall seeped into the thin layer of slate rock between quartz sandstones through rock failures, simultaneously the pore pressure increased,which results in the source area rock eventually sliding down; then the upper landslide body underwent entrainment at the middle bedrock area,part of which was weathered and lower gravel-soil accumulation area during its run-out process. We simulates the trajectory,velocity and energy of landslide by means of Rocfall software,the results show that centralized entertainment existed in debris flow area and gravel-soil accumulation area,which are exactly the high risk area. The entertainment volumes of the two area are 4. 9 × 10~6 m~3 and 4. 38 × 10~6 m~3,the overall volume of landslide is 13. 35 × 10~6 m~3. The methods of this paper is swiftly and effectively,which can provide reference for disaster relief and calculation of similar landslides.
On 24 June 2017,a bedding landslide occurred in Diexi town,Maoxian County,Sichuan,China.The elevation difference of this landslide reached 1 160 m,with a long run-out of 2 200 m. The huge volume of this landslide is relevant to the entertainment during sliding. For researching the effect of entertainment,this paper reveals the process of this landslide based on site investigation,remote sensing image and UAV imagery data: historical earthquakes resulted in broken structures of rock masses; rainfall seeped into the thin layer of slate rock between quartz sandstones through rock failures, simultaneously the pore pressure increased,which results in the source area rock eventually sliding down; then the upper landslide body underwent entrainment at the middle bedrock area,part of which was weathered and lower gravel-soil accumulation area during its run-out process. We simulates the trajectory,velocity and energy of landslide by means of Rocfall software,the results show that centralized entertainment existed in debris flow area and gravel-soil accumulation area,which are exactly the high risk area. The entertainment volumes of the two area are 4. 9 × 10~6 m~3 and 4. 38 × 10~6 m~3,the overall volume of landslide is 13. 35 × 10~6 m~3. The methods of this paper is swiftly and effectively,which can provide reference for disaster relief and calculation of similar landslides.
引文
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[12]陆鹏源,侯天兴,杨兴国,等.滑坡冲击铲刮效应物理模型试验及机制探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(6):1225-1232.[LU P Y,HOU T X,YANG X G,et al. Physical modeling test for entrainment effect of landslides and the related mechanism discussion[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(6):1225-1232.(in Chinese)]
[13] LAN H,MARTIN C D,LIM C H. Rock Fall analyst:A GIS extension for three-dimensional and spatially distributed rockfall hazard modeling[J]. Computers&Geosciences,2007,33(2):262-279.
[14]高杨.高速远程滑坡铲刮动力学分析[D].西安:长安大学,2014.[GAO Y. Scraping dynamic analysis of the rapid and long run-out landslide[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2016.(in Chinese)]
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[16]温铭生,陈红旗,张鸣之,等.四川茂县“6·24”特大滑坡特征与成因机制分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2017,28(3):1-7.[WEN M S,CHEN H Q, ZHANG M Z, et al. Characteristics and formation mechanism analysis of the “6·24”catastrophic landslide of the June 24 of 2017, at Maoxian, Sichuan[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2017,28(3):1-7.(in Chinese)]
[2]许强,李为乐,董秀军,等.四川茂县叠溪镇新磨村滑坡特征与成因机理初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(11):2612-2628.[XU Q,LI W L,DONG X J,et al. The xinmocun landsldie on june 24, 2017 in diexi maoxian, Sichuan:characteristics and failure mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(11):2612-2628.(in Chinses)]
[3] EISBACHER G H. Destructive Mass Movements in High Mountains[J]. Arctic&Alpine Research,1984,17(4):61-67.
[4] HUNGR O. A model for the runout analysis of rapid flow slides, debris flows, and avalanches,[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1995,32(4):610-623.
[5] CUOMO S,PASTOR M,CAPOBIANCO V,et al.Modelling the space–time evolution of bed entrainment for flow-like landslides[J]. Engineering Geology,2016,212(Complete):10-20.
[6] PIRULLI M,PASTOR M. Numerical study on entrainment of bed material into rapid landslides[J].Géotechnique,2012,62(11):959-972.
[7] HUSSIN H Y,QUAN L B,VAN W C J,et al.Parameterization of a numerical 2-D debris flow model with entrainment:a case study of the Faucon catchment, Southern French Alps[J]. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2012,12(10):3075-3090.
[8] MCCOY S W,KEAN J W,COE J A,et al. Sediment entrainment by debris flows:In situ measurements from the headwaters of a steep catchment[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface,2012,117(F3):16.
[9] IVERSON R M,OUYANG C. Entrainment of bed material by Earth‐surface mass flows:Review and reformulation of depth‐integrated theory[J].Reviews of Geophysics,2015,53(1):27-58.
[10] YIN Y,CHENG Y,LIANG J,et al. Heavy-rainfallinduced catastrophic rockslide-debris flow at Sanxicun,Dujiangyan,after the Wenchuan Ms 8. 0earthquake[J]. Landslides,2016,13(1):9-23.
[11]王国章,李滨,冯振,等.重庆武隆鸡冠岭岩质崩滑-碎屑流过程模拟[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(5):101-106.[WANG G Z,LI B,FENG Z,et al. Simulation of the process of the Jiguanling rock avalanche in Wulong of Chongqing[J].Hydrogeology&engineering geology,2014,41(5):101-106.(in Chinese)]
[12]陆鹏源,侯天兴,杨兴国,等.滑坡冲击铲刮效应物理模型试验及机制探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(6):1225-1232.[LU P Y,HOU T X,YANG X G,et al. Physical modeling test for entrainment effect of landslides and the related mechanism discussion[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(6):1225-1232.(in Chinese)]
[13] LAN H,MARTIN C D,LIM C H. Rock Fall analyst:A GIS extension for three-dimensional and spatially distributed rockfall hazard modeling[J]. Computers&Geosciences,2007,33(2):262-279.
[14]高杨.高速远程滑坡铲刮动力学分析[D].西安:长安大学,2014.[GAO Y. Scraping dynamic analysis of the rapid and long run-out landslide[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2016.(in Chinese)]
[15] SCHEIDEGGER A E. On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides[J]. Rock Mechanics,1973,5(4):231-236.
[16]温铭生,陈红旗,张鸣之,等.四川茂县“6·24”特大滑坡特征与成因机制分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2017,28(3):1-7.[WEN M S,CHEN H Q, ZHANG M Z, et al. Characteristics and formation mechanism analysis of the “6·24”catastrophic landslide of the June 24 of 2017, at Maoxian, Sichuan[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2017,28(3):1-7.(in Chinese)]
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