陆相页岩油甜点地球物理表征研究进展
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摘要
针对中国东部陆相页岩油甜点地球物理预测技术适应性不足等问题,从基础研究入手,构建陆相页岩油层岩石物理模型,分析地球物理响应特征;开展地质-测井-地球物理融合分析,认为富有机质纹层状岩相+裂缝为富集主控因素;在岩相、TOC、物性、含油性、脆性、压力、地应力等地震预测方法研究的基础上,攻关纹层状岩相、裂缝及地应力地球物理预测技术。基于岩石物理模型与各向异性叠前反演,形成层理缝密度预测方法,将层理缝密度地震属性作为沉积约束参数,实现纹层状岩相有效预测;基于正交各向异性介质AVAZ属性,提高裂缝表征精度;基于岩石三模量实现地应力大小预测,基于层间速度变化率预测地应力方向。通过研究,厘清了陆相页岩油甜点要素,明确了甜点要素指标体系以及岩石物理、地球物理响应特征,完善与建立了相应的甜点地球物理表征方法,在济阳坳陷预测了页岩油有利目标区。
There are still many challenges on geophysical characterization of continental shale oil sweet spot in Eastern China in terms of technique applicability. Petrophysical models for continental shale oil layers are established to analyze geophysical responses based on the study on the fundamentals of continental shale oil. It's believed that the controlling factors for shale oil accumulation are organic-rick laminated lithofacies and fractures,following the integrated investigation of geology,well logging and geophysics. Besides,based on the existing methods for seismic prediction including lithofacies,TOC,rock physical property,oil bearing properties,brittleness,pore pressure and in-situ stress,new geophysical prediction methods are built for laminated lithofacies,fracture and in-situ stress. Based on petrophysical models and anisotropy pre-stack inversion,new methods are developed to predict the density of bedding-parallel fractures in shale,which is in turn regarded as a constraint for sedimentary analysis,so as to effectively predict the distribution of the laminated lithofacies. Orthorhombic anisotropy AVAZ algorithm is given to improve the seismic characterization of fractures; while the prediction of in-situ stress is achieved based onYoung's modulus,bulk modulus,and modulus of rigidity,and the direction of in-situ stress can be computed from interval velocity variation. The study clarifies the main controlling factors for continental shale oil sweet spots,establishes an index system for sweet spots,reveals the characteristics of petrophysical and geophysical responses of sweet spots,and optimizes the geophysical characterization method for sweet spots. These methods are successfully used to identify the favorable target areas for continental shale oil exploration in Jiyang Depression.
There are still many challenges on geophysical characterization of continental shale oil sweet spot in Eastern China in terms of technique applicability. Petrophysical models for continental shale oil layers are established to analyze geophysical responses based on the study on the fundamentals of continental shale oil. It's believed that the controlling factors for shale oil accumulation are organic-rick laminated lithofacies and fractures,following the integrated investigation of geology,well logging and geophysics. Besides,based on the existing methods for seismic prediction including lithofacies,TOC,rock physical property,oil bearing properties,brittleness,pore pressure and in-situ stress,new geophysical prediction methods are built for laminated lithofacies,fracture and in-situ stress. Based on petrophysical models and anisotropy pre-stack inversion,new methods are developed to predict the density of bedding-parallel fractures in shale,which is in turn regarded as a constraint for sedimentary analysis,so as to effectively predict the distribution of the laminated lithofacies. Orthorhombic anisotropy AVAZ algorithm is given to improve the seismic characterization of fractures; while the prediction of in-situ stress is achieved based onYoung's modulus,bulk modulus,and modulus of rigidity,and the direction of in-situ stress can be computed from interval velocity variation. The study clarifies the main controlling factors for continental shale oil sweet spots,establishes an index system for sweet spots,reveals the characteristics of petrophysical and geophysical responses of sweet spots,and optimizes the geophysical characterization method for sweet spots. These methods are successfully used to identify the favorable target areas for continental shale oil exploration in Jiyang Depression.
引文
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[3]陈美玲,潘仁芳,张超谟,等.济阳拗陷沙河街组页岩与美国Bakken组页岩储层“甜点”特征对比[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(4):438-446.Chen Meiling,Pan Renfang,Zhang Chaomo,et al. Comparison of“sweet spot”characteristics of shale oil reservoir rocks between Shahejie formation in China and Bakken formation in North America[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2016,43(4):438-446.
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[5]刘喜武,刘宇巍,霍志周,等.页岩油气层地震岩石物理计算方法研究[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):10-17.Liu Xiwu,Liu Yuwei,Huo Zhizhou,et al. Study on seismic rock physics computational method for shale reservoir[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,2016,55(1):10-17.
[6]霍志周,刘喜武,刘宇巍,等.基于计算岩石物理方法的页岩储层弹性参数提取[J].地球物理学报,2018,61(7):3019-3027.Huo Zhizhou,Liu Xiwu,Liu Yuwei,et al. Determining elastic parameters of shale reservoirs based on computational rock physics methods[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(7):3019-3027.
[7] Liu Yuwei,Dong Ning,Mike F,et al. Estimating the fracture density of small-scale vertical fractures when large-scale vertical fractures are present[J]. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering. 2015,12,(3):311-320.
[8] Liu Yuwei,Dong Ning,Liu Xiwu,et al. Inversion of fracture properties based on frequency dependent seismic AVAZ attributes[C]//SEG Annual Meeting. New Orleans,Louisiana:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2015:1-5.
[9] Liu Yuwei. Fracture prediction approach for oil-bearing reservoir based on AVAZ attributes in orthorhombic medium[J]. Petroleum Science,2018,15(3):510-520.
[10]潘仁芳,陈美玲,张超谟,等.济阳坳陷渤南洼陷古近系页岩油“甜点”地震预测及影响因素分析[J].地学前缘,2018,25(4):142-154.Pan Renfang,Chen Meiling,Zhang Chaomo,et al. Seismic prediction of Paleogene shale oil“sweet spot”and its influencing factor analysis in the Bonan sub-sag of Jiyang depression[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2018,25(4):142-154.
[11] Lu Neng,Liu Cai,Guo Zhiqi,et al. The study on anisotropic attenuation of PP-wave AVAz due to fluid-saturated fractures for layered media[C]//CGS/SEG International Geophysical Conference,Qingdao:Socitey of Exporation Geophysicists,2017:381-384.
[12] Pang Shuo,Liu Cai,Guo Zhiqi et al. Fracture characterization for shale reservoirs using P-wave azimuthal seismic inversion[C]//CGS/SEG International Geophysical Conference. Qingdao:Socitey of Exporation Geophysicists,2017:653-656.
[13] Liu Jiong,Eduardo K,Liu Xiwu. Using pseudo-spectral method on curved grids for SH-wave modeling of irregular free-surface[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2017,140(3):42-51.
[14] Liu Jiong,Liu Xiwu. A pseudospectral scheme for SH-wave modeling of irregular free surface[C]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts.Dallas,Texas:Socitey of Exporation Geophysicists,2016:4039-4043.
[15] Liu Jiong,Liu Xiwu,Liu Zhenfeng,et al. SH-wave modeling on curved grids for irregular surface by pseudo-spectral method[C]//SPG/SEG International Geophysical Conference. Beijing:Petroleum Geophysical Exploration Editorial Department,2016:242-245.
[16]刘喜武,刘宇巍,刘炯,等.一种页岩水平层理缝密度地震预测方法:北京,CN108459346A[P]. 2018-08-28.Liu Xiwu,Liu Yuwei,Liu Jiong,et al. A new scheme for prediction of shale reservoir bedding seam density:Beijing,CN108459346A[P].2018-08-28.
[17]刘喜武,刘宇巍,刘志远,等.页岩层系天然裂缝地震预测技术研究[J].石油物探,2018,57(4):611-617.Liu Xiwu,Liu Yuwei,Liu Zhiyuan,et al. Seismic prediction of natural fractures in series of shale reservoirs[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2018,57(4):611-617.
[18] Ran B,Mita S,Antoun S,et al. Reconstruction of the layer anisotropic elastic parameter and high-resolution fracture characterization from P-wave data:a case study using seismic inversion and Bayesian rock physics parameter estimation[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,2009,57:253-262.
[19] Psencik I,Martins J L. Properties of weak contrast PP reflection/transmission coefficients for weakly anisotropic elastic media[J]. Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica,2001,45:176-199.
[20] Tang Yufei,Liu Yuwei,Liu Xiwu,Yang Guodong. Prediction of application scope of vertical fracture strike based on scattered wave fracture orientation function[J]. Global Geology,2015,18(1):49-53.
[21]刘喜武,董宁,刘宇巍.裂缝性孔隙介质频变AVAZ反演方法研究进展[J].石油物探,2015,54(2):210-217.Liu Xiwu,Dong Ning,Liu Yuwei. Progress on frequency dependent AVAZ inversion for characterization of fractured porous media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(2):210-217.
[22]刘宇巍,董宁,吴晓明,等.频变AVAZ响应特征分析及裂缝性质反演方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(2):732-740.Liu Yuwei,Dong Ning,Wu Xiaoming,et al. Analysis of frequency-dependent AVAZ response attributes and research of fracture properties inversion method[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2016,31(2):732-740.
[23]刘建伟,张云银,曾联波,等.非常规油藏地应力和应力甜点地球物理预测-渤南地区沙三下亚段页岩油藏勘探实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(4):792-800.Liu Jianwei,Zhang Yunyin,Zeng Lianbo,et al. Geophysical prediction of stress and stress desserts in unconventional reservoir:an example in Bonan area[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(4):792-800.
[24]宋建国,刘盛悦.基于逆时偏移的井间地震角道集提取方法[J].地球物理学进展,2018,33(2):707-714.Song Jianguo,Liu Shengyue. ADCIGs method of cross-well seismic data based on RTM[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2018,33(2):707-714.
[25]宋建国,郭毓,冉然.基于比值均方根的杨氏模量反演方法[J].地球物理学报,2018,61(4):1508-1518.Song Jianguo,Guo Yu,Ran Ran. Pre-stack inversion method of Young’s modulus based on the root mean square ratio[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2018,61(4):1508-1518.
[26] Zhang Yuanyin,Jin Zhijun,Chen Yequan,et al. Pre-stack density inversion based on integrated norm regularization in shale reservoir[C]//SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting. Texas:Socitey of Exporation Geophysicists,2017:1-5.
[27]陆益祥,潘仁芳,唐廉宇,等.沾化凹陷罗家地区沙三下亚段页岩储层的岩石力学与脆性评价研究[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(6):69-77.Lu Yixiang,Pan Renfang,Tang Lianyu,et al. Rock mechanics and brittleness of shale reservoirs in the lower Sha 3 member of Luojia area,Zhanghua sag[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(6):69-77.
[2]陈美玲,潘仁芳,潘进.黄河口地区中深层超压成因机制及分布规律研究[J].石油天然气学报,2014,36(7):8-11.Chen Meiling,Pan Renfang,Pan jin. On overpressure generation mechanisms and distribution rules at mid-depth formation in Huanghekou region[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2014,36(7):8-11.
[3]陈美玲,潘仁芳,张超谟,等.济阳拗陷沙河街组页岩与美国Bakken组页岩储层“甜点”特征对比[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(4):438-446.Chen Meiling,Pan Renfang,Zhang Chaomo,et al. Comparison of“sweet spot”characteristics of shale oil reservoir rocks between Shahejie formation in China and Bakken formation in North America[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2016,43(4):438-446.
[4] Guo Zhiqi,Deng Xinhui,Liu Cai,et al. Rock physics and seismic characterization of fractures in anisotropic shale reservoirs[C]//CGS/SEG International Geophysical Conference,Qingdao:Socitey of Exporation Geophysicists,2017:17-20.
[5]刘喜武,刘宇巍,霍志周,等.页岩油气层地震岩石物理计算方法研究[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):10-17.Liu Xiwu,Liu Yuwei,Huo Zhizhou,et al. Study on seismic rock physics computational method for shale reservoir[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,2016,55(1):10-17.
[6]霍志周,刘喜武,刘宇巍,等.基于计算岩石物理方法的页岩储层弹性参数提取[J].地球物理学报,2018,61(7):3019-3027.Huo Zhizhou,Liu Xiwu,Liu Yuwei,et al. Determining elastic parameters of shale reservoirs based on computational rock physics methods[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(7):3019-3027.
[7] Liu Yuwei,Dong Ning,Mike F,et al. Estimating the fracture density of small-scale vertical fractures when large-scale vertical fractures are present[J]. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering. 2015,12,(3):311-320.
[8] Liu Yuwei,Dong Ning,Liu Xiwu,et al. Inversion of fracture properties based on frequency dependent seismic AVAZ attributes[C]//SEG Annual Meeting. New Orleans,Louisiana:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2015:1-5.
[9] Liu Yuwei. Fracture prediction approach for oil-bearing reservoir based on AVAZ attributes in orthorhombic medium[J]. Petroleum Science,2018,15(3):510-520.
[10]潘仁芳,陈美玲,张超谟,等.济阳坳陷渤南洼陷古近系页岩油“甜点”地震预测及影响因素分析[J].地学前缘,2018,25(4):142-154.Pan Renfang,Chen Meiling,Zhang Chaomo,et al. Seismic prediction of Paleogene shale oil“sweet spot”and its influencing factor analysis in the Bonan sub-sag of Jiyang depression[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2018,25(4):142-154.
[11] Lu Neng,Liu Cai,Guo Zhiqi,et al. The study on anisotropic attenuation of PP-wave AVAz due to fluid-saturated fractures for layered media[C]//CGS/SEG International Geophysical Conference,Qingdao:Socitey of Exporation Geophysicists,2017:381-384.
[12] Pang Shuo,Liu Cai,Guo Zhiqi et al. Fracture characterization for shale reservoirs using P-wave azimuthal seismic inversion[C]//CGS/SEG International Geophysical Conference. Qingdao:Socitey of Exporation Geophysicists,2017:653-656.
[13] Liu Jiong,Eduardo K,Liu Xiwu. Using pseudo-spectral method on curved grids for SH-wave modeling of irregular free-surface[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2017,140(3):42-51.
[14] Liu Jiong,Liu Xiwu. A pseudospectral scheme for SH-wave modeling of irregular free surface[C]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts.Dallas,Texas:Socitey of Exporation Geophysicists,2016:4039-4043.
[15] Liu Jiong,Liu Xiwu,Liu Zhenfeng,et al. SH-wave modeling on curved grids for irregular surface by pseudo-spectral method[C]//SPG/SEG International Geophysical Conference. Beijing:Petroleum Geophysical Exploration Editorial Department,2016:242-245.
[16]刘喜武,刘宇巍,刘炯,等.一种页岩水平层理缝密度地震预测方法:北京,CN108459346A[P]. 2018-08-28.Liu Xiwu,Liu Yuwei,Liu Jiong,et al. A new scheme for prediction of shale reservoir bedding seam density:Beijing,CN108459346A[P].2018-08-28.
[17]刘喜武,刘宇巍,刘志远,等.页岩层系天然裂缝地震预测技术研究[J].石油物探,2018,57(4):611-617.Liu Xiwu,Liu Yuwei,Liu Zhiyuan,et al. Seismic prediction of natural fractures in series of shale reservoirs[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2018,57(4):611-617.
[18] Ran B,Mita S,Antoun S,et al. Reconstruction of the layer anisotropic elastic parameter and high-resolution fracture characterization from P-wave data:a case study using seismic inversion and Bayesian rock physics parameter estimation[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,2009,57:253-262.
[19] Psencik I,Martins J L. Properties of weak contrast PP reflection/transmission coefficients for weakly anisotropic elastic media[J]. Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica,2001,45:176-199.
[20] Tang Yufei,Liu Yuwei,Liu Xiwu,Yang Guodong. Prediction of application scope of vertical fracture strike based on scattered wave fracture orientation function[J]. Global Geology,2015,18(1):49-53.
[21]刘喜武,董宁,刘宇巍.裂缝性孔隙介质频变AVAZ反演方法研究进展[J].石油物探,2015,54(2):210-217.Liu Xiwu,Dong Ning,Liu Yuwei. Progress on frequency dependent AVAZ inversion for characterization of fractured porous media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(2):210-217.
[22]刘宇巍,董宁,吴晓明,等.频变AVAZ响应特征分析及裂缝性质反演方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(2):732-740.Liu Yuwei,Dong Ning,Wu Xiaoming,et al. Analysis of frequency-dependent AVAZ response attributes and research of fracture properties inversion method[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2016,31(2):732-740.
[23]刘建伟,张云银,曾联波,等.非常规油藏地应力和应力甜点地球物理预测-渤南地区沙三下亚段页岩油藏勘探实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(4):792-800.Liu Jianwei,Zhang Yunyin,Zeng Lianbo,et al. Geophysical prediction of stress and stress desserts in unconventional reservoir:an example in Bonan area[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(4):792-800.
[24]宋建国,刘盛悦.基于逆时偏移的井间地震角道集提取方法[J].地球物理学进展,2018,33(2):707-714.Song Jianguo,Liu Shengyue. ADCIGs method of cross-well seismic data based on RTM[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2018,33(2):707-714.
[25]宋建国,郭毓,冉然.基于比值均方根的杨氏模量反演方法[J].地球物理学报,2018,61(4):1508-1518.Song Jianguo,Guo Yu,Ran Ran. Pre-stack inversion method of Young’s modulus based on the root mean square ratio[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2018,61(4):1508-1518.
[26] Zhang Yuanyin,Jin Zhijun,Chen Yequan,et al. Pre-stack density inversion based on integrated norm regularization in shale reservoir[C]//SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting. Texas:Socitey of Exporation Geophysicists,2017:1-5.
[27]陆益祥,潘仁芳,唐廉宇,等.沾化凹陷罗家地区沙三下亚段页岩储层的岩石力学与脆性评价研究[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(6):69-77.Lu Yixiang,Pan Renfang,Tang Lianyu,et al. Rock mechanics and brittleness of shale reservoirs in the lower Sha 3 member of Luojia area,Zhanghua sag[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(6):69-77.
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