家燕发育过程中小肠长度及黏膜表面形态研究
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摘要
对家燕个体发育过程中小肠长度及黏膜表面进行了研究,通过实体显微镜及扫描电镜对家燕发育过程中的小肠黏膜表面的形态变化进行了观察,结果表明家燕在发育过程中小肠长度随日龄增长,胚胎期肠体比上升,孵出后肠体比下降;小肠黏膜表面形态经历了由山脊状到"W"板状到指状再到"W"板状的变化过程,胚胎发育的第8—10天(胚胎发育总过程的53%—66%)小肠黏膜褶为纵向山脊状,到第11天(胚胎发育总过程的73%)为纵向连续W形板状绒毛褶,第12—14天(胚胎发育总过程的80%—93%)变为指状绒毛,在第15天以后(胚胎发育最后一天至成体)为规则纵向"W"板状,其中十二指肠一直为不连续的"W"板状,空肠从胚胎发育最后一天到出飞绒毛形态为不连续"W"板状,从出飞到成体则为连续的"W"板状。本文通过研究家燕发育过程中小肠的长度变化和内表面形态变化,分析其变化规律和功能意义,为鸟类小肠黏膜形态功能及食性演化研究提供理论依据。
We studied the small intestine length and intestinal mucosa surface morphology in the ontogenesis of barn swallow. We observed the small intestinal surface morphology of barn swallow during its growing process by stereoscopic microscope and scanning electron microscope. During the developmental process of barn swallow,the length of small intestine increased with age,the ratio of intestine to body increased during embryonic stage,and decreased after hatching. The surface of the small intestine changed from the ridge shape to the platy"W"shape,and then the finger shape,and finally the platy"W"shape again. Precisely,the surface appeared to be vertical ridge shaped during days 8-10( 53%-66% of the whole ontogenesis process). It changed into continuous villi in the vertical platy"W"shape on day 11( 73% of the whole process),and became finger shaped villi during days 12-14( 80%-93% of the whole process). Since day 15( the final day of embryo growth to maturity),the villi were in the regular vertical platy"W"shape,the duodenum remained a discontinuous"W"plate,while the jejunum was a discontinuous"W"plate from the final moment of embryonic development to a threshold of fledging,and then a continuous"W"plate from the beginning of fledging to the adult period. We aimed to provide theoretical proof on small intestine morphology and function,and feeding habit evolution of birds by studying barn swallow small intestinal change in length and internal surface morphology in the ontogenesis process,and by analyzing the rule and functional significance.
We studied the small intestine length and intestinal mucosa surface morphology in the ontogenesis of barn swallow. We observed the small intestinal surface morphology of barn swallow during its growing process by stereoscopic microscope and scanning electron microscope. During the developmental process of barn swallow,the length of small intestine increased with age,the ratio of intestine to body increased during embryonic stage,and decreased after hatching. The surface of the small intestine changed from the ridge shape to the platy"W"shape,and then the finger shape,and finally the platy"W"shape again. Precisely,the surface appeared to be vertical ridge shaped during days 8-10( 53%-66% of the whole ontogenesis process). It changed into continuous villi in the vertical platy"W"shape on day 11( 73% of the whole process),and became finger shaped villi during days 12-14( 80%-93% of the whole process). Since day 15( the final day of embryo growth to maturity),the villi were in the regular vertical platy"W"shape,the duodenum remained a discontinuous"W"plate,while the jejunum was a discontinuous"W"plate from the final moment of embryonic development to a threshold of fledging,and then a continuous"W"plate from the beginning of fledging to the adult period. We aimed to provide theoretical proof on small intestine morphology and function,and feeding habit evolution of birds by studying barn swallow small intestinal change in length and internal surface morphology in the ontogenesis process,and by analyzing the rule and functional significance.
引文
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[20]CUNNINGHAM S J,ALLEY M R,CASTRO I.Facial bristle feather histology and morphology in New Zealand birds:implications forfunction[J].Journal of Morphology,2011,272(1):118-128.
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[22]金志民,杨春文,刘铸,等.6种猛禽消化系统的比较研究[J].四川动物,2011,30(3):435-438.
[2]赵正阶.中国鸟类志[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2001:39-42.
[3]王圣,李绍钰.家禽肠道黏膜形态结构及其调控的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(4):699-704.
[4]何平,陆宇燕.绿孔雀消化系统的组织学观察[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(4):92-95.
[5]沈瑞莲,刘清,肖方,等.西非冠鹤消化管的组织学观察[J].动物学杂志,2000,35(3):22-23.
[6]王家乡,彭克美,杜安娜,等.非洲雏鸵鸟消化管的组织学观察[J].动物学杂志,2007,42(3):131-135.
[7]LI W C,LIU Y T,TIAN X H.Scanning electron microscopic observations of the digestive canal of the great bustard(Otis tarda)[J].Avian Biology Research,2017,10(3):190-195.
[8]邱焕璐,王冠群,姚茂林,等.绿头鸭与番鸭个体发育过程中肠道黏膜表面形态观察[J].野生动物学报,2018,39(4):953-957.
[9]刘玉堂,王冠群,姜楠.鸡个体发育过程中小肠绒毛形态结构演化的研究[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物解剖及组织胚胎学分会第十九次学术研讨会论文集,2016:24.
[10]徐兴军,王有祥,邵淑丽,等.鸟类消化系统形态解剖学与生理学的研究进展[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医(科技版),2015(21):64-66.
[11]陆长富.发育重演律与生物进化[J].生命科学研究,2011,15(2):95-100.
[12]陆长富.发育重演律[J].自然杂志,2008,30(5):291-295.
[13]张朝辉.带羽毛的恐龙与鸟类的起源[J].辽宁师专学报(自然科学版),2011,13(4):106-108.
[14]刘秋东,张中文,刘凤华,等.复方白头翁胶囊对腹泻犬小肠绒毛长度和隐窝深度的影响[J].北京农学院学报,2011,26(3):38-40.
[15]董超.地龟消化系统形态学及食性研究[D].南京:南京大学,2017.
[16]张淑云,王玉玺,刘玉堂.狼消化系统的解剖[J].野生动物,1994,15(6):47-49.
[17]张淑云,王玉玺.小熊猫消化系统解剖[J].野生动物,1986,7(6):49-50.
[18]CAVIEDES-VIDAL E,MCWHORTER T J,LAVIN S R,et al.The digestive adaptation of flying vertebrates:high intestinal paracellular absorption compensates for smaller guts[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2007,104(48):19132-19137.
[19]LAVIN S R,KARASOV W H,IVES A R,et al.Morphometrics of the avian small intestine compared with that of nonflying mammals:a phylogenetic approach[J].Physiological and Biochemical Zoology,2008,81(5):526-550.
[20]CUNNINGHAM S J,ALLEY M R,CASTRO I.Facial bristle feather histology and morphology in New Zealand birds:implications forfunction[J].Journal of Morphology,2011,272(1):118-128.
[21]KLAASSEN R H G,NOLET B A,FOUW J D.Intake rate at differently scaled heterogeneous food distributions explained by the ability of tactile-foraging mallard to concentrate foraging effort within profitable areas[J].Oikos,2006,112(2):322-331.
[22]金志民,杨春文,刘铸,等.6种猛禽消化系统的比较研究[J].四川动物,2011,30(3):435-438.
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