人文社科数据共享模型的设计与实现——以联盟链技术为例
|
摘要
大数据环境下,人文社科领域的研究逐渐向以数据为驱动的新型研究模式转型,对数据共享的需求愈发明显。针对传统的人文社科数据共享存在的溯源能力较弱、数据用途无法追踪等问题,利用区块链的数据记录机制,选用Hyperledger Fabric区块链框架作为联盟链的基础,并对区块的数据存储方式进行了改写,通过CA认证、预提交、验证反馈、区块打包广播、账本数据库更新等流程的设计,构建了人文社科数据共享联盟链模型,并通过对Dataverse开源数据管理软件的二次开发,设计并实现了人文社科数据共享联盟平台。实践证明,基于区块链的人文社科数据共享模型,不仅可以在技术层面解决传统数据贡献中存在的问题,促进数据共享的发展,而且基于Hyperledger Fabric框架的联盟链机制运行效率也达到了预期的标准。
In this age of big data, research in the Humanities and Social Sciences has gradually transformed into a new research model that is driven by data, which in turn fuels the demand for data sharing. However, the poor traceability of sources and their use remains a challenge in traditional humanities and social science data sharing procedures. To solve this problem, a data recording mechanism of a blockchain was adopted. This study specifically selected the Hyperledger Fabric, which is a blockchain framework, as the basis of the consortium blockchain and rewrote the data storage mode of the block. The model of the consortium blockchain of data sharing in the humanities and social sciences consists of CA authentication, presubmission, feedback verification, block package broadcasts, and ledger database updates. Furthermore, we customized Dataverse, which is a type of open-source data management software, and established a consortium blockchain platform for humanities and social science data sharing. Results showed that the data sharing model for humanities and social science based on blockchain can both solve existing problems at a technical level, and promote the development of data sharing. The results also showed that our consortium blockchain mechanism based on Hyperledger Fabric achieves the expected operational efficiency.
In this age of big data, research in the Humanities and Social Sciences has gradually transformed into a new research model that is driven by data, which in turn fuels the demand for data sharing. However, the poor traceability of sources and their use remains a challenge in traditional humanities and social science data sharing procedures. To solve this problem, a data recording mechanism of a blockchain was adopted. This study specifically selected the Hyperledger Fabric, which is a blockchain framework, as the basis of the consortium blockchain and rewrote the data storage mode of the block. The model of the consortium blockchain of data sharing in the humanities and social sciences consists of CA authentication, presubmission, feedback verification, block package broadcasts, and ledger database updates. Furthermore, we customized Dataverse, which is a type of open-source data management software, and established a consortium blockchain platform for humanities and social science data sharing. Results showed that the data sharing model for humanities and social science based on blockchain can both solve existing problems at a technical level, and promote the development of data sharing. The results also showed that our consortium blockchain mechanism based on Hyperledger Fabric achieves the expected operational efficiency.
引文
[1]刘炜,谢蓉,张磊,等.面向人文研究的国家数据基础设施建设[J].中国图书馆学报,2016,42(5):29-39.
[2]国务院关于印发促进大数据发展行动纲要的通知[EB/OL].[2018-07-19].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-09/05/content_10137.htm.
[3]工业和信息化部关于印发大数据产业发展规划(2016-2020年)的通知[EB/OL].[2018-07-19].http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1652930/n3757016/c5464999/content.html.
[4]国务院办公厅关于印发科学数据管理办法的通知[EB/OL].[2018-07-19].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2018-04/02/content_5279272.htm.
[5]Bucharest declaration[EB/OL].[2018-07-19].http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/ducuments/bucharest.declaration.doc.
[6]The global commons for science initiative[EB/OL].[2018-07-19].http://www.codata.org/task-groups/global-information-commons-for-science-initiative.
[7]UNData[EB/OL].[2018-07-19].http://data.un.org.
[8]徐妹,冯小英.中外高校社会科学数据管理与服务比较研究[J].图书馆工作与研究,2018(2):28-35.
[9]Herzinger S,Gu W,Satagopam V,et al.SmartR:an open-source platform for interactive visual analytics for translational research data[J].Bioinformatics,2017,33(14):2229-2231.
[10]Herrick R,Horton W,Olsen T,et al.XNAT Central:Open sourcing imaging research data[J].NeuroImage,2016,124(Pt B):1093-1096.
[11]完颜邓邓,高峰.英美澳科学数据存储与共享平台建设现状调查及启示[J].图书馆建设,2016(3):29-34.
[12]覃丹.英美社会科学数据管理与共享服务平台调查分析[J].图书情报工作,2014,58(16):67-75,142.
[13]彭国莉,吕先竞,刘文君.DCI社会科学数据分析研究[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2015,36(3):231-233.
[14]陈欣,叶凤云,汪传雷.基于扎根理论的社会科学数据共享驱动因素研究[J].情报理论与实践,2016,39(12):91-98.
[15]张计龙,殷沈琴,张用,等.社会科学数据的共享与服务--以复旦大学社会科学数据共享平台为例[J].大学图书馆学报,2015,33(1):74-79.
[16]党洪莉.社会科学数据的开放与共享:发展现状、障碍与出路[J].图书馆理论与实践,2018(5):70-74.
[17]The University of Michigan.Data-PASS[EB/OL].[2018-07-20].http://www.data-pass.org/.
[18]复旦大学人文社科数据共享平台[EB/OL].[2018-07-20].https://dvn.fudan.edu.cn.
[19]UKDA[EB/OL].[2017-08-17].http://www.dataarchive.ac.uk/.
[20]OhioLINK[EB/OL].[2017-08-25].https://www.ohiolink.edu/.
[21]北京大学开放研究数据平台[EB/OL].[2018-07-25].http://opendata.pku.edu.cn.
[22]南京大学人文社科大数据平台[EB/OL].[2018-07-25].http://skbigdata.nju.edu.cn.
[23]胡永生,刘颖.基于用户调查的高校科学数据管理需求分析[J].图书情报工作,2013,57(6):28-32,78.
[24]袁勇,王飞跃.区块链技术发展现状与展望[J].自动化学报,2016,42(4):481-494.
[25]吴振铨,梁宇辉,康嘉文,等.基于联盟区块链的智能电网数据安全存储与共享系统[J].计算机应用,2017,37(10):2742-2747.
[26]汪传雷,万一荻,秦琴,等.基于区块链的供应链物流信息生态圈模型[J].情报理论与实践,2017,40(7):115-121.
[27]章宁,钟珊.基于区块链的个人隐私保护机制[J].计算机应用,2017,37(10):2787-2793.
[28]Kuo T T,Kim H E,Ohno-Machado L.Blockchain distributed ledger technologies for biomedical and health care applications[J].Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,2017,24(6):1211-1220.
[29]Ahmed S,Broek N T.Blockchain could boost food security[J].Nature,2017,550(7674):43.
[30]Dorri A,Kanhere S S,Jurdak R,et al.Blockchain for IoT security and privacy:The case study of a smart home[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops.IEEE,2017.
[31]Hyperledger Fabric[EB/OL].[2018-08-03].https://www.hyperledger.org/projects/fabric.
[32]The Dataverse project[EB/OL].[2018-06-11].https://dataverse.org.
[2]国务院关于印发促进大数据发展行动纲要的通知[EB/OL].[2018-07-19].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-09/05/content_10137.htm.
[3]工业和信息化部关于印发大数据产业发展规划(2016-2020年)的通知[EB/OL].[2018-07-19].http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1652930/n3757016/c5464999/content.html.
[4]国务院办公厅关于印发科学数据管理办法的通知[EB/OL].[2018-07-19].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2018-04/02/content_5279272.htm.
[5]Bucharest declaration[EB/OL].[2018-07-19].http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/ducuments/bucharest.declaration.doc.
[6]The global commons for science initiative[EB/OL].[2018-07-19].http://www.codata.org/task-groups/global-information-commons-for-science-initiative.
[7]UNData[EB/OL].[2018-07-19].http://data.un.org.
[8]徐妹,冯小英.中外高校社会科学数据管理与服务比较研究[J].图书馆工作与研究,2018(2):28-35.
[9]Herzinger S,Gu W,Satagopam V,et al.SmartR:an open-source platform for interactive visual analytics for translational research data[J].Bioinformatics,2017,33(14):2229-2231.
[10]Herrick R,Horton W,Olsen T,et al.XNAT Central:Open sourcing imaging research data[J].NeuroImage,2016,124(Pt B):1093-1096.
[11]完颜邓邓,高峰.英美澳科学数据存储与共享平台建设现状调查及启示[J].图书馆建设,2016(3):29-34.
[12]覃丹.英美社会科学数据管理与共享服务平台调查分析[J].图书情报工作,2014,58(16):67-75,142.
[13]彭国莉,吕先竞,刘文君.DCI社会科学数据分析研究[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2015,36(3):231-233.
[14]陈欣,叶凤云,汪传雷.基于扎根理论的社会科学数据共享驱动因素研究[J].情报理论与实践,2016,39(12):91-98.
[15]张计龙,殷沈琴,张用,等.社会科学数据的共享与服务--以复旦大学社会科学数据共享平台为例[J].大学图书馆学报,2015,33(1):74-79.
[16]党洪莉.社会科学数据的开放与共享:发展现状、障碍与出路[J].图书馆理论与实践,2018(5):70-74.
[17]The University of Michigan.Data-PASS[EB/OL].[2018-07-20].http://www.data-pass.org/.
[18]复旦大学人文社科数据共享平台[EB/OL].[2018-07-20].https://dvn.fudan.edu.cn.
[19]UKDA[EB/OL].[2017-08-17].http://www.dataarchive.ac.uk/.
[20]OhioLINK[EB/OL].[2017-08-25].https://www.ohiolink.edu/.
[21]北京大学开放研究数据平台[EB/OL].[2018-07-25].http://opendata.pku.edu.cn.
[22]南京大学人文社科大数据平台[EB/OL].[2018-07-25].http://skbigdata.nju.edu.cn.
[23]胡永生,刘颖.基于用户调查的高校科学数据管理需求分析[J].图书情报工作,2013,57(6):28-32,78.
[24]袁勇,王飞跃.区块链技术发展现状与展望[J].自动化学报,2016,42(4):481-494.
[25]吴振铨,梁宇辉,康嘉文,等.基于联盟区块链的智能电网数据安全存储与共享系统[J].计算机应用,2017,37(10):2742-2747.
[26]汪传雷,万一荻,秦琴,等.基于区块链的供应链物流信息生态圈模型[J].情报理论与实践,2017,40(7):115-121.
[27]章宁,钟珊.基于区块链的个人隐私保护机制[J].计算机应用,2017,37(10):2787-2793.
[28]Kuo T T,Kim H E,Ohno-Machado L.Blockchain distributed ledger technologies for biomedical and health care applications[J].Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,2017,24(6):1211-1220.
[29]Ahmed S,Broek N T.Blockchain could boost food security[J].Nature,2017,550(7674):43.
[30]Dorri A,Kanhere S S,Jurdak R,et al.Blockchain for IoT security and privacy:The case study of a smart home[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops.IEEE,2017.
[31]Hyperledger Fabric[EB/OL].[2018-08-03].https://www.hyperledger.org/projects/fabric.
[32]The Dataverse project[EB/OL].[2018-06-11].https://dataverse.org.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |