分类推进城市非户籍人口落户的逻辑与路径
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摘要
新一轮户籍制度改革的一项重要举措是实施差别化落户,差别化落户政策的分类标准主要是城市规模,即规模越大的城市落户控制越严。然而,仅从城市规模分类来实施差别落户政策存在较大局限,因为城市非户籍人口的迁移范围和城市财政资源的获取方式同样是影响落户的重要因素。文章根据由城市行政级别和地区经济发达程度决定的财政资源获取方式,对我国地级以上城市进行初步分类,再根据城市非户籍人口迁移范围特征对分类进行调整,将339个地级以上城市分为四种不同类型,提出针对性的非户籍人口落户实施路径。其中,发达地区高行政级别的城市应推动人口疏解,发达地区低行政级别的城市应得到中央财政转移支付和投资的重点倾斜,欠发达地区高行政级别的城市应实施全省范围内的人地挂钩政策,欠发达地区低行政级别的城市应全面放开落户限制。
Differentiated household registration, a significant move in the new round of the hukou system reform, has always developed its classified standard in accordance with the sizes of cities, namely, the larger the city, the stricter its household registration. The foregoing single standard, however, has much limitation and the migration area of urban non-registered population and the access to urban financial resources are also closely bound up with household registration. For this reason, in the article, a preliminary classification of cities at or above the prefectural level based on the access to financial resources that depends on administrative rank and economic situations has been made first, an adjustment of the above classification on account of urban non-registered population migration areas has followed and then the division of 339 cities at or above the prefectural level into four different categories and its targeted non-household population registration path have been rolled out. To be more specific, population diversion is fundamental for high administrative rank cities in developed areas, more fiscal transfer payments and investments from the central government are crucial for low administrative rank cities in developed areas, the province-wide mechanism to link the settlement of non-hukou citizens to the newly increased urban construction land quotas is requisite for high administrative rank cities in underdeveloped areas and lifting household registration restrictions is imperative for low administrative rank cities in underdeveloped areas.
Differentiated household registration, a significant move in the new round of the hukou system reform, has always developed its classified standard in accordance with the sizes of cities, namely, the larger the city, the stricter its household registration. The foregoing single standard, however, has much limitation and the migration area of urban non-registered population and the access to urban financial resources are also closely bound up with household registration. For this reason, in the article, a preliminary classification of cities at or above the prefectural level based on the access to financial resources that depends on administrative rank and economic situations has been made first, an adjustment of the above classification on account of urban non-registered population migration areas has followed and then the division of 339 cities at or above the prefectural level into four different categories and its targeted non-household population registration path have been rolled out. To be more specific, population diversion is fundamental for high administrative rank cities in developed areas, more fiscal transfer payments and investments from the central government are crucial for low administrative rank cities in developed areas, the province-wide mechanism to link the settlement of non-hukou citizens to the newly increased urban construction land quotas is requisite for high administrative rank cities in underdeveloped areas and lifting household registration restrictions is imperative for low administrative rank cities in underdeveloped areas.
引文
蔡昉、都阳,2003:“转型中的中国城市发展”,《经济研究》,2003,6:64—71。
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傅勇,2010:“财政分权、政府治理与非经济性公共物品供给”,《经济研究》,2010,8:4—15。
侯力,2014:“户籍制度改革的新突破与新课题”,《人口学刊》,2014,6:22—29。
欧阳慧、邹一南,2017:“分区域分群体推进农民工差别化落户城镇”,《中国软科学》,2017,3:66—73。
王垚、王春华、洪俊杰、年猛,2015:“自然条件、行政等级与中国城市发展”,《管理世界》,2015,1:41—50。
王美艳、蔡昉,2008:“户籍制度改革的历程与展望”,《广东社会科学》,2008,6:19—26。
汪立鑫、王彬彬、黄文佳,2010:“中国城市政府户籍限制政策的一个解释模型:增长与民生的权衡”,《经济研究》,2010,11:115—126。
邹一南,2017:“最优城市规模与特大城市户籍管制的自增强机制”,《中国人口·资源与环境》,2017,11:52—60。
邹一南、李爱民,2013:“户籍管制、城市规模与城市发展”,《当代经济研究》,2013,9:53—60。
Ades, A.F., and E.L.Glaeser, 1995. “Trade and Circuses: Explaining Urban Giants.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 110(1): 195-227.
Davis, J.C., and J.V.Henderson, 2003. “Evidence on the Political Economy of the Urbanization Process.” Journal of Urban Economics. 53(1): 98-125.
Henderson, J.V., 2003. “The Urbanization Process and Economic Growth: The So-what Question.” Journal of Economic Growth. 8(1): 47-71.
才国伟、张学志、邓卫广,2011:“‘省直管县’改革会损害地级市的利益吗?”,《经济研究》,2011,7:65—77。
傅勇,2010:“财政分权、政府治理与非经济性公共物品供给”,《经济研究》,2010,8:4—15。
侯力,2014:“户籍制度改革的新突破与新课题”,《人口学刊》,2014,6:22—29。
欧阳慧、邹一南,2017:“分区域分群体推进农民工差别化落户城镇”,《中国软科学》,2017,3:66—73。
王垚、王春华、洪俊杰、年猛,2015:“自然条件、行政等级与中国城市发展”,《管理世界》,2015,1:41—50。
王美艳、蔡昉,2008:“户籍制度改革的历程与展望”,《广东社会科学》,2008,6:19—26。
汪立鑫、王彬彬、黄文佳,2010:“中国城市政府户籍限制政策的一个解释模型:增长与民生的权衡”,《经济研究》,2010,11:115—126。
邹一南,2017:“最优城市规模与特大城市户籍管制的自增强机制”,《中国人口·资源与环境》,2017,11:52—60。
邹一南、李爱民,2013:“户籍管制、城市规模与城市发展”,《当代经济研究》,2013,9:53—60。
Ades, A.F., and E.L.Glaeser, 1995. “Trade and Circuses: Explaining Urban Giants.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 110(1): 195-227.
Davis, J.C., and J.V.Henderson, 2003. “Evidence on the Political Economy of the Urbanization Process.” Journal of Urban Economics. 53(1): 98-125.
Henderson, J.V., 2003. “The Urbanization Process and Economic Growth: The So-what Question.” Journal of Economic Growth. 8(1): 47-71.
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