上海市某社区老年人健康自助行为体验的质性研究
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摘要
目的深入了解社区老年人健康自助行为的体验,以期为制订针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法以质性研究中的现象学方法为指导,采用目的抽样和滚雪球抽样法选取上海市闵行区某社区居住年限≥5年、居住时间≥10个月/年的60岁以上居家老年人作为访谈对象,对其进行半结构式访谈,根据Colaizzi的7步分析法对资料进行分析,提炼主题。结果上海市某社区老年人的健康自助行为体验可归纳为3个主题:社区老年人存在多种形式的健康自助行为;健康自助行为与社会人口学、感知疾病因素有关;健康自助行为存在健康理解程度、饮食控制、运动缺乏方面的偏差。结论应在积极老龄化概念框架的引导下,对社区老年人的健康自助行为进行专业化的引导及环境上的构建,以促进社区老年人健康自助行为的改善。
Objective To understand the current situation of healthy self-help behavior among the elderly in the community, in order to provide reference for future intervention.Methods Under the guidance of phenomenological method, the elderly people aged 60 years and over who lived in a community of Minhang district of Shanghai for more than 5 years, and lived for more than 10 months each year were selected as the subjects of study by purposeful sampling and snowball sampling methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and Colaizzi's seven-step analysis method was used to analyze the data and refine the theme.Results The following three main themes were obtained: there were the various forms of healthy self-help behavior among the elderly in the community; healthy self-help behavior was related to socio-demographic factors and perceived disease factors; there were deviations of healthy self-help behavior in health understanding, dietary control and lack of exercise.Conclusion Under the guidance of the concept framework of active aging, it is suggested the professional guidance and environmental construction can improve and promote healthy self-help behavior of the elderly in the community.
Objective To understand the current situation of healthy self-help behavior among the elderly in the community, in order to provide reference for future intervention.Methods Under the guidance of phenomenological method, the elderly people aged 60 years and over who lived in a community of Minhang district of Shanghai for more than 5 years, and lived for more than 10 months each year were selected as the subjects of study by purposeful sampling and snowball sampling methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and Colaizzi's seven-step analysis method was used to analyze the data and refine the theme.Results The following three main themes were obtained: there were the various forms of healthy self-help behavior among the elderly in the community; healthy self-help behavior was related to socio-demographic factors and perceived disease factors; there were deviations of healthy self-help behavior in health understanding, dietary control and lack of exercise.Conclusion Under the guidance of the concept framework of active aging, it is suggested the professional guidance and environmental construction can improve and promote healthy self-help behavior of the elderly in the community.
引文
[1] 德勤咨询.《2020年健康医疗预测报告》发布[J].上海医药,2015,36(7):22.
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[9] 李君,王德良,王家骥,等.山区农村中老年农民健康管理认知与需求意愿及影响因素[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2013,17(5):429-432.
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[11]施帆帆,李磊,刘志军,等.城市社区老年居民健康管理服务需求定性评估-以成都市为例[J].预防医学情报杂志,2014,30(2):101-104.
[12]刘逸峰.浅析行为主义心理学的基本原理以及对临床心理学的影响[J].华夏医学,2013,26(5):988-991.
[13]徐永能,卢少萍,林建华,等.应用健康行为改变整合理论改善出院后居家老年卧床患者的康复效果[J].中国护理管理,2015,15(7):786-789.
[14]吴志军,简伟研.老年慢性病患者社区健康管理服务可获得性及社会决定因素研究[J].中国全科医学,2015,18(28):3469-3472.
[15]李晓南,孙俊菲,倪小玲,等.互联网+社区健康管理服务模式探讨[J].中国卫生信息管理杂志,2016,13(1):85-88.
[16]刘瀚洋,穆云庆,冯泽永.美国管理型医疗对我国社区健康管理的启示[J].医学与哲学:人文社会医学版,2015,36(9):74-77.
[17]董芬,江志琴,蒋长征,等.城市社区中老年人群健康管理需求及影响因素分析[J].预防医学,2016,28(12):1189-1192.
[2] 姜向群,魏蒙,张文娟.中国老年人口的健康状况及影响因素研究[J].人口学刊,2015,37(2):46-56.
[3] 胡宏伟,李延宇,张楚,等.社会活动参与、健康促进与失能预防——基于积极老龄化框架的实证分析[J].中国人口科学,2017(4):87-96,128.
[4] 栾伟,刘阳,陈烨,等.积极老龄化框架下老年人健康自助行为的研究进展[J].护理研究,2018,32(18):2823-2825.
[5] RASHOTTE J,TOUSIGNANT K,RICHARDSON C.et al.Living with sensor-augmented pump therapy in type 1 diabetes:adolescents’ and parents’ search for harmony[J].Can J Diabetes,2014,38(4):256-262.
[6] NANCY B,SUMN K G.The practice of nursing research[M].3th Edition.W.B:Saundern Company,1998:542-547.
[7] 总报告起草组,李志宏.国家应对人口老龄化战略研究总报告[J].老龄科学研究,2015,3(3):4-38.
[8] 宋全成,崔瑞宁.人口高速老龄化的理论应对-从健康老龄化到积极老龄化[J].山东社会科学,2013(4):36-41.
[9] 李君,王德良,王家骥,等.山区农村中老年农民健康管理认知与需求意愿及影响因素[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2013,17(5):429-432.
[10]曹海涛,潘毅慧,于晓静,等.上海市闸北区居民健康管理服务认知及需求状况研究[J].中华全科医学,2013,11(10):1606-1608.
[11]施帆帆,李磊,刘志军,等.城市社区老年居民健康管理服务需求定性评估-以成都市为例[J].预防医学情报杂志,2014,30(2):101-104.
[12]刘逸峰.浅析行为主义心理学的基本原理以及对临床心理学的影响[J].华夏医学,2013,26(5):988-991.
[13]徐永能,卢少萍,林建华,等.应用健康行为改变整合理论改善出院后居家老年卧床患者的康复效果[J].中国护理管理,2015,15(7):786-789.
[14]吴志军,简伟研.老年慢性病患者社区健康管理服务可获得性及社会决定因素研究[J].中国全科医学,2015,18(28):3469-3472.
[15]李晓南,孙俊菲,倪小玲,等.互联网+社区健康管理服务模式探讨[J].中国卫生信息管理杂志,2016,13(1):85-88.
[16]刘瀚洋,穆云庆,冯泽永.美国管理型医疗对我国社区健康管理的启示[J].医学与哲学:人文社会医学版,2015,36(9):74-77.
[17]董芬,江志琴,蒋长征,等.城市社区中老年人群健康管理需求及影响因素分析[J].预防医学,2016,28(12):1189-1192.
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