现代月季品种‘赞歌’和粉团蔷薇杂交后代鉴定与评价
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摘要
【目的】本研究通过对现代月季品种‘赞歌’(2n=4x=28)和野蔷薇变种粉团蔷薇(2n=2x=14)的杂交后代群体进行杂种鉴定和评价,为利用野蔷薇改良现代月季品种提供重要的理论依据和材料基础。【方法】以现代月季品种‘赞歌’×粉团蔷薇的91株杂交后代为材料,综合利用形态学观察、流式细胞仪倍性检测、核型分析和SSR标记对杂交后代进行杂种鉴定和评价,并分析了不同方法对蔷薇属杂交后代鉴定的效率。【结果】杂交后代的表型参数多介于两亲本之间,变异系数为19.71%～67.13%,变异广泛;流式细胞仪检测结果显示91个杂交后代中有70个三倍体(2n=3x=21),18个四倍体,1个六倍体(2n=6x=42),2个不能确定倍性;对21个流式细胞仪检测为非三倍体的后代和3个连续开花的三倍体后代进行染色体核型分析,发现18个后代的分析结果与细胞流式仪倍性检测结果一致,确定流式细胞仪测定倍性的准确率为93.41%;从26对SSR引物中筛选出7对多态性引物对2个四倍体和1个六倍体后代进行扩增,结果显示2个四倍体的杂交后代为假杂种,六倍体后代为真杂种。【结论】在鉴定不同倍性蔷薇属植物杂交后代时,核型分析和SSR标记法比形态学观察和流式细胞术更准确。本研究获得的三倍体杂交后代为利用野蔷薇改良现代月季品种提供了新的种质材料。
[Objective] In this study, we used modern rose cultivars ‘Sanka '(2 n = 4 x = 28) and R.multiflora var. cathayensis(2 n = 2 x = 14) as parents to obtain F_1 population through hybridization, and the hybrids were identified and evaluated. This will provide an important basis for improving the modern rose by R. multiflora var. cathayensis. [Method] We obtained 91 F_1 hybrids derived from the combination of R.‘Sanka' × R. multiflora var. cathayensis. The hybrids were identified by morphological observation, flow cytometry, karyotype analysis and SSR markers. [Result] The results showed that, F_1 hybrids integrated the morphological characteristics of both ‘Sanka ' and R. multiflora var. cathayensis, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 19.71% to 67.13%. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the 70 of the 91 hybrids were triploids(2 n = 3 x = 21), 18 were tetraploid, 1 was hexaploid(2 n = 6 x = 42), and 2 unable to be determined. Karyotype analysis of 21 non-triploid identified by flow cytometry analysis and 3 triploid hybrids of continuous flowering revealed that the chromosome number of 18 hybrids were consistent with the results of flow cytometry analysis. The accuracy of flow cytometry for measuring ploidy was 93.41%.From 26 pairs of SSR primers, 7 pairs of polymorphic primers were selected to amplify 2 tetraploids and 1 hexaploid, and found that the two tetraploid hybrids were false hybrids, and the hexaploid were true hybrids.[Conclusion] Karyotype analysis and SSR analysis were more accurate than morphological observation and flow cytometry to identify hybrids. The results provide important basis for rose polyploidy breeding, and provide new germplasm materials for the improvement of modern rose using R. multiflora var. cathayensis.
[Objective] In this study, we used modern rose cultivars ‘Sanka '(2 n = 4 x = 28) and R.multiflora var. cathayensis(2 n = 2 x = 14) as parents to obtain F_1 population through hybridization, and the hybrids were identified and evaluated. This will provide an important basis for improving the modern rose by R. multiflora var. cathayensis. [Method] We obtained 91 F_1 hybrids derived from the combination of R.‘Sanka' × R. multiflora var. cathayensis. The hybrids were identified by morphological observation, flow cytometry, karyotype analysis and SSR markers. [Result] The results showed that, F_1 hybrids integrated the morphological characteristics of both ‘Sanka ' and R. multiflora var. cathayensis, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 19.71% to 67.13%. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the 70 of the 91 hybrids were triploids(2 n = 3 x = 21), 18 were tetraploid, 1 was hexaploid(2 n = 6 x = 42), and 2 unable to be determined. Karyotype analysis of 21 non-triploid identified by flow cytometry analysis and 3 triploid hybrids of continuous flowering revealed that the chromosome number of 18 hybrids were consistent with the results of flow cytometry analysis. The accuracy of flow cytometry for measuring ploidy was 93.41%.From 26 pairs of SSR primers, 7 pairs of polymorphic primers were selected to amplify 2 tetraploids and 1 hexaploid, and found that the two tetraploid hybrids were false hybrids, and the hexaploid were true hybrids.[Conclusion] Karyotype analysis and SSR analysis were more accurate than morphological observation and flow cytometry to identify hybrids. The results provide important basis for rose polyploidy breeding, and provide new germplasm materials for the improvement of modern rose using R. multiflora var. cathayensis.
引文
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[2]American Rose Society.Modern roses 12[M].Louisiana:Pediment Publishing,2007.
[3]Thomas C.Modern roses XI:the world encyclopedia of roses[M].San Diego:Academic Press,2000.
[4]刘永刚,刘青林.月季遗传资源的评价与利用[J].植物遗传资源学报,2004,5(1):87-90.Liu Y G,Liu Q L.Evaluation and exploitation of genetic resources in roses[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2004,5(1):87-90.
[5]杨涛,宋丹,张晓莹,等.部分蔷薇属植物远缘杂交亲和性评价[J].东北农业大学学报,2015,46(2):72-77.Yang T,Song D,Zhang X Y,et al.Evaluation on compatibility of interspecific cross in part of the genus Rosa[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2015,46(2):72-77.
[6]De Vries D P,Dubois L A M.Developments in breeding for horizontal and vertical fungus resistance in roses[J].Acta Horticulturae,2001(552):103-112.
[7]Gudin S.Improvement of rose varietal creation in world[J].Acta Horticulturae,1999(495):285-291.
[8]Gudin S.Rose breeding technologies[J].Acta Horticulturae,2001(547):23-26.
[9]马燕,陈俊愉.我国西北的薔薇属种质资源[J].中国园林,1990(1):50-51.Ma Y,Chen J Y.Germplasm resources of Rose genus in Northwest of China[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,1990(1):50-51.
[10]马燕.培育刺玫月季新品种的初步研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,1989.Ma Y.A preliminary study on breeding cultivars for establishing a new rose group[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,1989.
[11]马燕,陈俊愉.培育刺玫月季新品种的初步研究(Ⅰ)--月季远缘杂交不亲和性与不育性的探讨[J].北京林业大学学报,1990,12(3):18-25,125.Ma Y,Chen J Y.A preliminary study on breeding cultivars for establishing a new rose group:rejuvenation rose group(Rj.)[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,1990,12(3):18-25,125.
[12]赵红霞,王晶,丁晓六,等.蔷薇属植物与现代月季品种杂交亲和性研究[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(4):743-753.Zhao H X,Wang J,Ding X L,et al.Compatibility of interspecific crossing between several Rosa species and modern rose cultivars[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2015,35(4):743-753.
[13]丁晓六,刘佳,赵红霞,等.现代月季和玫瑰杂交后代的鉴定与评价[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(5):123-130.Ding X L,Liu J,Zhao H X,et al.Hybrid identification and morphological evaluation of modern roses(Rosa hybrida)×Rosa rugosa[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2014,36(5):123-130.
[14]黄善武,葛红.弯剌蔷薇在月季抗寒育种上的研究利用初报[J].园艺学报,1989,16(3):237-240.Huang S W,Ge H.Studies on the use of Rosa beggeriana Schrenk as a source of cold resistance in rose breeding[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1989,16(3):237-240.
[15]孙宪芝,赵惠恩.月季育种研究现状分析[J].西南林学院学报,2003,23(4):65-69.Sun X Z,Zhao H E.Review of research measures and development trend of rose breeding[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2003,23(4):65-69.
[16]邓衍明,叶晓青,佘建明,等.植物远缘杂交育种研究进展[J].华北农学报,2011,26(S2):52-55.Deng Y M,Ye X Q,She J M,et al.The research progress on distant hybridization of plant breeding[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2011,26(S2):52-55.
[17]王荣邦,张秀海,吴忠义,等.菊花染色体倍性鉴定研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(23):12778-12780,12789.Wang R B,Zhang X H,Wu Z Y,et al.Common methods of cell chromosome ploidy identification for Chrysanthemum and its application in breeding[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(23):12778-12780,12789.
[18]刘建鑫,杨柳慧,魏冬霞,等.芍药属组内组间杂交及部分后代核型分析与SSR鉴定[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(4):72-78.Liu J X,Yang L H,Wei D X,et al.Intrasectional and intersectional crossbreeding of Paeonia and karyotype analysis and SSR identification of some hybrids[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2017,39(4):72-78.
[19]王辉,Pawan K,李双铃,等.SSR分子标记在花生杂种鉴定中的应用[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2015,44(4):350-354.Wang H,Pawan K,Li S L,et al.Application of SSR markers in peanut F1 hybrid identification[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2015,44(4):350-354.
[20]王明启,张银慧,陈宝晶.蔷薇属植物抗寒性指标的研究[J].吉林林学院学报,1993,9(1):51-58.Wang M Q,Zhang Y H,Chen B J.Study on hardiness indicators of the genus Rosa[J].Journal of Jilin Forestry University,1993,9(1):51-58.
[21]白锦荣.部分蔷薇属种质资源亲缘关系分析及抗白粉病育种[D].北京:北京林业大学,2009.Bai J R.Analysis of genetic relationships between wild species and Chinese traditional roses and powdery mildew resistance breeding[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2009.
[22]赵红霞.蔷薇属植物与现代月季品种杂交及主要性状与SSR标记的连锁分析[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.Zhao H X.Hybridizing between several Rosa species and modern rose cultivars and linkage analysis of main traits using SSRmarkers[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2015.
[23]李亚齐,韩倩,王泽翻,等.野生蔷薇和月季的杂交亲和性评价[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(6):155-160.Li Y Q,Han Q,Wang Z F,et al.Hybridization affinity evaluation between wild Rosa multiflora and Rosa chinensis[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(6):155-160.
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