不同耕作方式对花生生理特性、产量及品质的影响
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摘要
在长年花生连作地块上,以多年连作花生(DDH)为对照,对两年玉米花生间作(TJZ),两年花生玉米轮作(TLY)两种耕作方式与连作花生的生理特性、产量及品质进行对比研究,探究缓解花生连作障碍的有效耕作方式。研究结果表明,与DDH处理相比,TJZ处理和TLY处理在结荚期、饱果期和收获期均能提高植株主茎高和侧枝长,促进花生生长发育;TJZ处理和TLY处理显著提高了花生叶面积指数、叶片净光合速率、叶绿素含量,促进光合作用;TJZ处理和TLY处理均显著提高了根系活力和干物质积累量。从产量及产量构成因素来看,TJZ处理和TLY处理较DDH处理的荚果产量提高了15.09%和13.55%,籽仁产量提高19.21%和15.91%,且TJZ处理和TLY处理的出仁率和单株结果数高于DDH处理。TJZ处理和TLY处理较DDH处理均提高了花生蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量,TJZ处理主要提高蛋白质含量,TLY处理主要提高粗脂肪含量。综合比较玉米花生间作和轮作两种耕作方式均能缓解花生的连作障碍。
In the long-term peanut continuous cropping plot,the effects of two-year maize-peanut intercropping(TJZ)and two-year maize-peanut rotation cropping(TLY)on the physiological characteristics,yield and quality of peanut were studied,and the effective cropping modes to alleviate the obstacles of peanut continuous cropping were explored.The results showed that compared with DDH treatment,TJZ treatment and TLY treatment could increase the height of main stem and lateral branch and promote the growth and development of peanut at pod-setting stage,pod-filling stage and harvest stage,and TJZ treatment and TLY treatment could significantly increase the leaf area index,net photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content of peanut leaves and promote photosynthesis at TJZ.Both TJZ treatment and TLY treatment significantly increased root activity and dry matter accumulation.In terms of yield and yield components,TJZ treatment and TLY treatment increased pod yield by 15.09%and 13.55%,seed yield by 19.21% and 15.91% compared with DDH treatment,and kernel rate and number of pod per plant of TJZ treatment and TLY treatment were higher than that of DDH treatment.TJZ treatment and TLY treatment both increased protein content and crude fat content of peanut compared with DDH treatment.TJZ treatment mainly increased protein content,TLY treatment mainly increased crude fat content.Comprehensive comparison of the two cropping modes of corn intercropping and corn rotation,both can alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of peanut.
In the long-term peanut continuous cropping plot,the effects of two-year maize-peanut intercropping(TJZ)and two-year maize-peanut rotation cropping(TLY)on the physiological characteristics,yield and quality of peanut were studied,and the effective cropping modes to alleviate the obstacles of peanut continuous cropping were explored.The results showed that compared with DDH treatment,TJZ treatment and TLY treatment could increase the height of main stem and lateral branch and promote the growth and development of peanut at pod-setting stage,pod-filling stage and harvest stage,and TJZ treatment and TLY treatment could significantly increase the leaf area index,net photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content of peanut leaves and promote photosynthesis at TJZ.Both TJZ treatment and TLY treatment significantly increased root activity and dry matter accumulation.In terms of yield and yield components,TJZ treatment and TLY treatment increased pod yield by 15.09%and 13.55%,seed yield by 19.21% and 15.91% compared with DDH treatment,and kernel rate and number of pod per plant of TJZ treatment and TLY treatment were higher than that of DDH treatment.TJZ treatment and TLY treatment both increased protein content and crude fat content of peanut compared with DDH treatment.TJZ treatment mainly increased protein content,TLY treatment mainly increased crude fat content.Comprehensive comparison of the two cropping modes of corn intercropping and corn rotation,both can alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of peanut.
引文
[1]黄玉茜.花生连作障碍的效应及其作用机理研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2011.
[2]滕应,任文杰,李振高,等.花生连作障碍发生机理研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(2):259-265.
[3]刘美昌,郑亚萍,王才斌,等.连作对花生生育的影响及其缓解措施研究[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(9):144-148.
[4]张思苏,封海胜,万书波,等.花生不同连作年限对植株生育的影响[J].花生科技,1992(2):21-23.
[5]李艳红,杨晓康,张佳蕾,等.连作对花生农艺性状及生理特性的影响及其覆膜调控[J].花生学报,2012,41(3):16-20.
[6]王才斌,吴正锋,成波,等.连作对花生光合特性和活性氧代谢的影响[J].作物学报,2007(8):1304-1309.
[7]吴正锋,成波,王才斌,等.连作对花生幼苗生理特性及荚果产量的影响[J].花生学报,2006(1):29-33.
[8]孔祥云,周晓冬,吴洪生,等.花生连作障碍防治研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(8):12-15.
[9]向午燕,孙占祥,冯良山,等.玉米花生间作作物光合生理响应机制[J].辽宁农业科学,2017(5):44-47.
[10]姚远,刘兆新,刘妍,等.花生、玉米不同间作方式对花生生理性状以及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2017,46(1):1-7.
[11]贾曦,王璐,刘振林,等.玉米//花生间作模式对作物病害发生的影响及分析[J].花生学报,2016,45(4):55-60.
[12]焦念元,宁堂原,赵春,等.玉米花生间作复合体系光合特性的研究[J].作物学报,2006(6):917-923.
[13]左元梅,刘永秀,张福锁.玉米/花生混作改善花生铁营养对花生根瘤碳氮代谢及固氮的影响[J].生态学报,2004(11):2584-2590.
[14]ARNON D I.Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast,poly-phenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris[J].Plant Physiology,1949,24(1):1-15.
[15]白宝璋,金锦子,白崧,等.玉米根系活力TTC测定法的改良[J].玉米科学,1994(4):44-47.
[16]何照范.粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1985.
[17]北京大学生物系生物化学教研室.生物化学实验指导[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1979.
[18]范晖.花生脂肪酸快速测定法的研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1991,22(4):413-415.
[19]杨传婷.不同种植方式对花生生理特性及耗水特点的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[20]孙莲强,顾学花,张佳蕾,等.锌肥对花生生理特性、产量及品质的影响[J].花生学报,2014(1):1-6.
[21]张秀铃.深耕深松对重茬花生生长发育及产量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2016(6):19-21.
[22]卞能飞,王晓军,孙东雷,等.水稻-花生轮作对不同花生品种生长发育、产量和病虫草害的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(20):69-71.
[23]甄志高,段莹,王晓林,等.花生连作对植株营养水平和光合生理指标的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2004(1):12-13.
[24]张艳艳,陈建生,张利民,等.不同种植方式对花生叶片光合特性、干物质积累与分配及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2014,43(1):39-43.
[25]皇甫晶晶.不同轮作模式消减太子参连作障碍的机制研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2012.
[26]胡举伟.桑树/大豆、桑树/苜蓿间作对其生长及土地和光资源利用能力的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.
[27]李秀芳,李淑文,和亮,等.水肥配合对夏玉米养分吸收及根系活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(1):188-191,233.
[28]樊芳芳,王劲松,董二伟,等.连作对高粱生长及根区土壤环境的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(3):127-133.
[29]焦坤,陈明娜,潘丽娟,等.长期连作对不同花生品种生长发育、产量与品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(15):44-51.
[30]马登超,厉广辉,樊宏.地膜覆盖对春播花生荚果性状及产量形成的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(9):49-52.
[31]郑慧,杨继峰,董汉文,等.轮作和连作对大豆农艺性状及产量的影响[J].大豆科技,2016(5):14-17.
[32]张思苏,封海胜,万书波,等.花生不同连作年限对植株生育的影响[J].花生科技,1992(2):21-23.
[2]滕应,任文杰,李振高,等.花生连作障碍发生机理研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(2):259-265.
[3]刘美昌,郑亚萍,王才斌,等.连作对花生生育的影响及其缓解措施研究[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(9):144-148.
[4]张思苏,封海胜,万书波,等.花生不同连作年限对植株生育的影响[J].花生科技,1992(2):21-23.
[5]李艳红,杨晓康,张佳蕾,等.连作对花生农艺性状及生理特性的影响及其覆膜调控[J].花生学报,2012,41(3):16-20.
[6]王才斌,吴正锋,成波,等.连作对花生光合特性和活性氧代谢的影响[J].作物学报,2007(8):1304-1309.
[7]吴正锋,成波,王才斌,等.连作对花生幼苗生理特性及荚果产量的影响[J].花生学报,2006(1):29-33.
[8]孔祥云,周晓冬,吴洪生,等.花生连作障碍防治研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(8):12-15.
[9]向午燕,孙占祥,冯良山,等.玉米花生间作作物光合生理响应机制[J].辽宁农业科学,2017(5):44-47.
[10]姚远,刘兆新,刘妍,等.花生、玉米不同间作方式对花生生理性状以及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2017,46(1):1-7.
[11]贾曦,王璐,刘振林,等.玉米//花生间作模式对作物病害发生的影响及分析[J].花生学报,2016,45(4):55-60.
[12]焦念元,宁堂原,赵春,等.玉米花生间作复合体系光合特性的研究[J].作物学报,2006(6):917-923.
[13]左元梅,刘永秀,张福锁.玉米/花生混作改善花生铁营养对花生根瘤碳氮代谢及固氮的影响[J].生态学报,2004(11):2584-2590.
[14]ARNON D I.Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast,poly-phenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris[J].Plant Physiology,1949,24(1):1-15.
[15]白宝璋,金锦子,白崧,等.玉米根系活力TTC测定法的改良[J].玉米科学,1994(4):44-47.
[16]何照范.粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1985.
[17]北京大学生物系生物化学教研室.生物化学实验指导[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1979.
[18]范晖.花生脂肪酸快速测定法的研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1991,22(4):413-415.
[19]杨传婷.不同种植方式对花生生理特性及耗水特点的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[20]孙莲强,顾学花,张佳蕾,等.锌肥对花生生理特性、产量及品质的影响[J].花生学报,2014(1):1-6.
[21]张秀铃.深耕深松对重茬花生生长发育及产量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2016(6):19-21.
[22]卞能飞,王晓军,孙东雷,等.水稻-花生轮作对不同花生品种生长发育、产量和病虫草害的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(20):69-71.
[23]甄志高,段莹,王晓林,等.花生连作对植株营养水平和光合生理指标的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2004(1):12-13.
[24]张艳艳,陈建生,张利民,等.不同种植方式对花生叶片光合特性、干物质积累与分配及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2014,43(1):39-43.
[25]皇甫晶晶.不同轮作模式消减太子参连作障碍的机制研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2012.
[26]胡举伟.桑树/大豆、桑树/苜蓿间作对其生长及土地和光资源利用能力的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.
[27]李秀芳,李淑文,和亮,等.水肥配合对夏玉米养分吸收及根系活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(1):188-191,233.
[28]樊芳芳,王劲松,董二伟,等.连作对高粱生长及根区土壤环境的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(3):127-133.
[29]焦坤,陈明娜,潘丽娟,等.长期连作对不同花生品种生长发育、产量与品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(15):44-51.
[30]马登超,厉广辉,樊宏.地膜覆盖对春播花生荚果性状及产量形成的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(9):49-52.
[31]郑慧,杨继峰,董汉文,等.轮作和连作对大豆农艺性状及产量的影响[J].大豆科技,2016(5):14-17.
[32]张思苏,封海胜,万书波,等.花生不同连作年限对植株生育的影响[J].花生科技,1992(2):21-23.
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