能源区块链中用户侧点对点交易支撑环境研究
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摘要
能源互联网是传统能源转型和新能源发展的重要方向,区块链技术的弱中心化、防篡改、智能合约等特征天然适合能源互联网的交易需求。在能源互联网中开展点对点能源交易可以提高多主体效益,大力促进新能源建设。在此背景下,首先分析了区块链技术和能源互联网的可融合性;然后以能源局域网为应用场景,针对多元主体的特性,设计了一种满足能源区块链交易要求的融合共识与合约机制的多链结构支撑环境模型;最后从价值-信息-物理3个维度阐述了用户侧能源交易的实现方式及其优势,并对区块链技术在用户侧能源交易中的应用及扩展做了展望。
Energy internet is an important direction of traditional energy transformation and new energy development. The characteristics of block chain technology, such as weak centralization, tamper-proof and intelligent contract, are naturally suitable for energy internet transaction needs. Developing peer-to-peer energy trading in energy internet can improve multi-agent benefits and vigorously promote new energy construction. Under this background, the integration of block chain technology and energy internet is firstly analyzed in this paper. And then, the consensus and contract mechanism are designed based on the application scenario of energy local network(ELN) and the characteristics of multi-agents. Meanwhile, a multi-chain structure is adopted to build a support environment model to meet the requirements of energy block chain transaction. Finally, the user-side energy is elaborated from three dimensions of value-information-physics. The realization of the transaction and its advantages are also discussed. The application and expansion of block chain technology in user-side energy trading are prospected.
Energy internet is an important direction of traditional energy transformation and new energy development. The characteristics of block chain technology, such as weak centralization, tamper-proof and intelligent contract, are naturally suitable for energy internet transaction needs. Developing peer-to-peer energy trading in energy internet can improve multi-agent benefits and vigorously promote new energy construction. Under this background, the integration of block chain technology and energy internet is firstly analyzed in this paper. And then, the consensus and contract mechanism are designed based on the application scenario of energy local network(ELN) and the characteristics of multi-agents. Meanwhile, a multi-chain structure is adopted to build a support environment model to meet the requirements of energy block chain transaction. Finally, the user-side energy is elaborated from three dimensions of value-information-physics. The realization of the transaction and its advantages are also discussed. The application and expansion of block chain technology in user-side energy trading are prospected.
引文
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[9] 李刚,孟欢,周国亮,等.基于区块链技术的微网能量管理探析与方案设计[J].电力建设,2018,39(2):43-49.LI Gang,MENG Huan,ZHOU Guoliang,et al.Energy management analysis and scheme design of microgrid based on blockchain[J].Electric Power Construction,2018,39(2):43-49.
[10] NGUYEN C.An indie,off-the-grid,blockchain-traded solar power market comes to brooklyn[EB/OL].(2016-03-18)[2018-10-15].http://motherboard.vice.com/read/the-plan-to-power-brooklyn-with-a-blockchain-based-microgrid-transactive-solar.
[11] 贾常艳.智慧能源产业发展进入新阶段—2016中国能源互联网大会暨智慧能源产业博览会在秦皇岛隆重开幕[J].电器工业,2016(9):65-66.
[12] 张宁,王毅,康重庆,等.能源互联网中的区块链技术:研究框架与典型应用初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(15):4011-4022.ZHANG Ning,WANG Yi,KANG Chongqing,et al.Blockchain technique in the energy internet:Preliminary research framework and typical applications[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(15):4011-4022.
[13] 曾鸣,程俊,王雨睛,等.区块链框架下能源互联网多模块协同自治模式初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3672-3681.ZENG Ming,CHENG Jun,WANG Yuqing,et al.Primarily research for multi module cooperative autonomous mode of energy internet under blockchain framework[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3672-3681.
[14] 陈启鑫,王克道,陈思捷,等.面向分布式主体的可交易能源系统:体系架构、机制设计与关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(3):1-7.CHEN Qixin,WANG Kedao,CHEN Sijie,et al.Transactive energy system for distributed agents:Architecture,mechanism design and key technologies[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(3):1-7.
[15] 李彬,曹望璋,张洁,等.基于异构区块链的多能系统交易体系及关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(4):183-193.LI Bin,CAO Wangzhang,ZHANG Jie,et al.Transaction system and key technologies of multi-energy system based on heterogeneous blockchain[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(4):183-193.
[16] 欧阳旭,朱向前,叶伦,等.区块链技术在大用户直购电中的应用初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3737-3745.OUYANG Xu,ZHU Xiangqian,YE Lun,et al.Preliminary applications of blockchain technique in large consumers direct power trading[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3737-3745.
[17] ASMUS P .Microgrids ,virtual power plants and our distributed energy future[J].The Electricity Journal,2010,23(10):72-82.
[18] 姚建国,高志远,杨胜春.能源互联网的认识和展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(23):9-14.YAO Jianguo,GAO Zhiyuan,YANG Shengchun.Understanding and prospects of energy internet[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(23):9-14.
[19] 宋永华,林今,胡泽春,等.能源局域网:物理架构、运行模式与市场机制[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):5776-5787.SONG Yonghua,LIN Jin,HU Zechun,et al.Energy distribution network:Infrastructure,operation mode and market mechanism[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5776-5787.
[20] QADRDAN M,WU J Z,JENKINS N,et al.Operating strategies for a GB integrated gas and electricity network considering the uncertainty in wind power forecasts[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2014,5(1):128-138.
[21] 马钊,周孝信,尚宇炜,等.能源互联网概念、关键技术及发展模式探索[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3014-3022.MA Zhao,ZHOU Xiaoxin,SHANG Yuwei,et al.Exploring the concept,key technologies and development model of energy internet[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(11):3014-3022.
[22] 蔡金棋,李淑贤,樊冰,等.能源互联网中基于区块链的能源交易[J].电力建设,2017,38(9):24-31.CAI Jinqi,LI Shuxian,FAN Bing,et al.Blockchain based energy trading in energy internet[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(9):24-31.
[23] EJAZ W,NAEEM M,SHAHID A,et al.Efficient energy management for the internet of things in smart cities[J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2017,55(1):84-91.
[24] 申屠青春.区块链开发指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2017:329-347.
[25] POON J,DRYJA T.The bitcoin lightning network:Scalable off-chain instant payments [EB/OL].(2016-12-17)[2018-10-15].http://lightning.network/lightning-network-paper.pdf.
[26] 蔡维德,郁莲,王荣,等.基于区块链的应用系统开发方法研究[J].软件学报,2017,28(6):1474-1487.TSAI Weitek,YU Lian,WANG Rong,et al.Blockchain application development techniques[J].Journal of Software,2017,28(6):1474-1487.
[27] 邰雪,孙宏斌,郭庆来.能源互联网中基于区块链的电力交易和阻塞管理方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3630-3638.TAI Xue,SUN Hongbin,GUO Qinglai.Electricity transactions and congestion management based on blockchain in energy internet[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3630-3638.
[28] 李刚,孟亚云,董王英,等.基于协同理论的信息物理能源系统多流建模与分析[J].电力建设,2018,39(5):1-9.LI Gang,MENG Yayun,DONG Wangying,et al.Multi-flow modeling and analysis on cyber-physical energy system based on synergetic theory[J].Electric Power Construction,2018,39(5):1-9.
[2] 曾鸣,白学祥,李源非,等.基于复杂适应系统理论的能源互联网演化发展模型、机制及关键技术[J].电网技术,2016,40(11):3383-3390.ZENG Ming,BAI Xuexiang,LI Yuanfei,et al.Development model,mechanism and key technology of energy internet based on complex adaptive system theory[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3383-3390.
[3] ZHANG N,YAN Y,XU S,et al.Game-theory based electricity market clearing mechanisms for an open and transactive distribution grid[C]// 2015 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting(PESGM).Denver:IEEE,2015.
[4] HAMMERSTROM D J,WIDERGREN S E,IRWIN C.Evaluating transactive systems:Historical and current U.S.DOE research and development activities[J].IEEE Electrification Magazine,2016,4(4):30-36.
[5] PRATT A,KRISHNAMURTHY D,RUTH M,et al.Transactive home energy management systems:The impact of their proliferation on the electric grid[J].IEEE Electrification Magazine,2016,4(4):8-14.
[6] PRINSLOO G,MAMMOLI A,DOBSON R.Participatory smart grid control and transactive energy management in community shared solar cogeneration systems for isolated rural villages[C]// 2016 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC).Seattle:IEEE,2016.
[7] NAIR V V,NAIR U.Distributed energy integration and transactive energy framework for a developing economy[C]//2016 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS).Kerala:IEEE,2016.
[8] 陈启鑫,刘敦楠,林今,等.能源互联网的商业模式与市场机制(一)[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3050-3056.CHEN Qixin,LIU Dunnan,LIN Jin,et al.Business models and market mechanisms of E-Net (1)[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(11):3050-3056.
[9] 李刚,孟欢,周国亮,等.基于区块链技术的微网能量管理探析与方案设计[J].电力建设,2018,39(2):43-49.LI Gang,MENG Huan,ZHOU Guoliang,et al.Energy management analysis and scheme design of microgrid based on blockchain[J].Electric Power Construction,2018,39(2):43-49.
[10] NGUYEN C.An indie,off-the-grid,blockchain-traded solar power market comes to brooklyn[EB/OL].(2016-03-18)[2018-10-15].http://motherboard.vice.com/read/the-plan-to-power-brooklyn-with-a-blockchain-based-microgrid-transactive-solar.
[11] 贾常艳.智慧能源产业发展进入新阶段—2016中国能源互联网大会暨智慧能源产业博览会在秦皇岛隆重开幕[J].电器工业,2016(9):65-66.
[12] 张宁,王毅,康重庆,等.能源互联网中的区块链技术:研究框架与典型应用初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(15):4011-4022.ZHANG Ning,WANG Yi,KANG Chongqing,et al.Blockchain technique in the energy internet:Preliminary research framework and typical applications[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(15):4011-4022.
[13] 曾鸣,程俊,王雨睛,等.区块链框架下能源互联网多模块协同自治模式初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3672-3681.ZENG Ming,CHENG Jun,WANG Yuqing,et al.Primarily research for multi module cooperative autonomous mode of energy internet under blockchain framework[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3672-3681.
[14] 陈启鑫,王克道,陈思捷,等.面向分布式主体的可交易能源系统:体系架构、机制设计与关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(3):1-7.CHEN Qixin,WANG Kedao,CHEN Sijie,et al.Transactive energy system for distributed agents:Architecture,mechanism design and key technologies[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(3):1-7.
[15] 李彬,曹望璋,张洁,等.基于异构区块链的多能系统交易体系及关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(4):183-193.LI Bin,CAO Wangzhang,ZHANG Jie,et al.Transaction system and key technologies of multi-energy system based on heterogeneous blockchain[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(4):183-193.
[16] 欧阳旭,朱向前,叶伦,等.区块链技术在大用户直购电中的应用初探[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3737-3745.OUYANG Xu,ZHU Xiangqian,YE Lun,et al.Preliminary applications of blockchain technique in large consumers direct power trading[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3737-3745.
[17] ASMUS P .Microgrids ,virtual power plants and our distributed energy future[J].The Electricity Journal,2010,23(10):72-82.
[18] 姚建国,高志远,杨胜春.能源互联网的认识和展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(23):9-14.YAO Jianguo,GAO Zhiyuan,YANG Shengchun.Understanding and prospects of energy internet[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(23):9-14.
[19] 宋永华,林今,胡泽春,等.能源局域网:物理架构、运行模式与市场机制[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):5776-5787.SONG Yonghua,LIN Jin,HU Zechun,et al.Energy distribution network:Infrastructure,operation mode and market mechanism[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5776-5787.
[20] QADRDAN M,WU J Z,JENKINS N,et al.Operating strategies for a GB integrated gas and electricity network considering the uncertainty in wind power forecasts[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2014,5(1):128-138.
[21] 马钊,周孝信,尚宇炜,等.能源互联网概念、关键技术及发展模式探索[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3014-3022.MA Zhao,ZHOU Xiaoxin,SHANG Yuwei,et al.Exploring the concept,key technologies and development model of energy internet[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(11):3014-3022.
[22] 蔡金棋,李淑贤,樊冰,等.能源互联网中基于区块链的能源交易[J].电力建设,2017,38(9):24-31.CAI Jinqi,LI Shuxian,FAN Bing,et al.Blockchain based energy trading in energy internet[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(9):24-31.
[23] EJAZ W,NAEEM M,SHAHID A,et al.Efficient energy management for the internet of things in smart cities[J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2017,55(1):84-91.
[24] 申屠青春.区块链开发指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2017:329-347.
[25] POON J,DRYJA T.The bitcoin lightning network:Scalable off-chain instant payments [EB/OL].(2016-12-17)[2018-10-15].http://lightning.network/lightning-network-paper.pdf.
[26] 蔡维德,郁莲,王荣,等.基于区块链的应用系统开发方法研究[J].软件学报,2017,28(6):1474-1487.TSAI Weitek,YU Lian,WANG Rong,et al.Blockchain application development techniques[J].Journal of Software,2017,28(6):1474-1487.
[27] 邰雪,孙宏斌,郭庆来.能源互联网中基于区块链的电力交易和阻塞管理方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3630-3638.TAI Xue,SUN Hongbin,GUO Qinglai.Electricity transactions and congestion management based on blockchain in energy internet[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3630-3638.
[28] 李刚,孟亚云,董王英,等.基于协同理论的信息物理能源系统多流建模与分析[J].电力建设,2018,39(5):1-9.LI Gang,MENG Yayun,DONG Wangying,et al.Multi-flow modeling and analysis on cyber-physical energy system based on synergetic theory[J].Electric Power Construction,2018,39(5):1-9.
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