兼顾防灾的高密度地区地下空间规划策略探讨
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摘要
随着我国城市化不断推进,城市在建设开发中逐渐成型局部高密度状态,在全球化灾害多发的环境下,城市高密度地区的易损性显著,应充分利用其立体化空间加强防灾减灾建设。地下空间具备先天的防灾特性,可以针对不同灾害中发挥相应的防灾作用,并与地面防灾空间协同构建立体化的防灾空间体系。根据地下空间在城市高密度地区的防灾角色与定位,提出了在地下空间建设中兼顾防灾的规划思路,通过分析适合防灾用途的地下空间特点,对其空间和功能要求进行了研判,并进一步提出了引导方法和规划策略,对城市高密度地区地下防灾空间规划建设进行了探索。
With the development of urbanization in China,the local high density state is gradually formed in the construction of cities,and the fragility of urban high-density areas is obvious in the context of the multiple disasters of globalization. It should be strengthened that construction of disaster prevention and mitigation by using its stereoscopic space. Combined with the innate disaster prevention characteristics of underground space,this paper analyzes the disaster prevention function in different disasters,and probes into the synergetic relationship between underground and ground disaster prevention space. By studying the role and location of underground space in disaster prevention space system,the contents of underground disaster prevention space are defined,the requirements of suitable disaster prevention use in underground space is analyzed,and the control guidance method and planning strategy is further put forward.
With the development of urbanization in China,the local high density state is gradually formed in the construction of cities,and the fragility of urban high-density areas is obvious in the context of the multiple disasters of globalization. It should be strengthened that construction of disaster prevention and mitigation by using its stereoscopic space. Combined with the innate disaster prevention characteristics of underground space,this paper analyzes the disaster prevention function in different disasters,and probes into the synergetic relationship between underground and ground disaster prevention space. By studying the role and location of underground space in disaster prevention space system,the contents of underground disaster prevention space are defined,the requirements of suitable disaster prevention use in underground space is analyzed,and the control guidance method and planning strategy is further put forward.
引文
[1]王峤,曾坚.高密度城市中心区的防灾规划体系构建[J].建筑学报,2012,8(增2):144-148.(Wang Qiao,Zeng Jian.Constructing disaster-prevention planning system for the high density area of a city center[J].Architectural Journal,2012,8(Supp.2):144-148.(in Chinese))
[2]钱七虎.我国地下空间开发利用综合管理研究[R].北京:中国工程院,2011.(Qian Qihu.Study on comprehensive management of underground space development in China[R].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Engineering,2011.(in Chinese))
[3]钱七虎.城市可持续发展与地下空间开发利用[J].地下空间,1998,18(2):69-74.(Qian Qihu.Sustainable development of the cities and the development and utilization of underground space[J].Underground Space,1998,18(2):69-74.(in Chinese))
[4]Sterling R,Nelson P.City resiliency and underground space use[A]//The 13thWorld Conference of ACUUS:Advances in Underground Space Development[C].Singapore,2012:43-55
[5]Nelson P,Sterling R.Sustainability and resilience of underground urban infrastructure:New approaches to metrics and formalism[A]//Geo Congress 2012:State of the Art and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering[C].Oakland,California,United States,2012:3199-3208.
[6]吕元.城市防灾空间系统规划策略研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2004.(LüYuan.Study on the planning strategy of urban disaster-prevention space system[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2004.(in Chinese))
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[8]陈志龙,郭东军.城市抗震中地下空间作用与定位的思考[J].规划师,2008,24(7):22-25.(Chen Zhilong,Guo Dongjun.Reflection on the role of underground space in city anti-quake planning[J].Planners,2008,24(7):22-25(in Chinese))
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[10]郝磊.浅析地下空间与城市综合防灾[A]//2009城市发展与规划国际论坛论文集[C].2009:278-281.(Hao Lei.The research on underground space and urban comprehensive disaster prevetion[A]//Proceedings of the International Forum on Urban Development and planning[C].2009:278-281.(in Chinese))
[11]曾坚,王峤,臧鑫宇.高密度城市中心区地下防灾系统构建[J].建筑学报,2013,9(增2):56-60:56-60.(Zeng Jian,Wang Qiao,Zang Xinyu.Constructing underground disaster-prevention system for high density area of a city center[J].Architectural Journal,2013,9(Supp.2):56-60.(in Chinese))
[12]Makana L O,Jefferson I,Hunt D V L,et al.Assessment of the future resilience of sustainable urban sub-surface enviroments[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2016,55:21-31.
[13]陈志龙,郭东军,北京地下空间防空防灾系统规划研究[R].北京市首规委科研项目报告,2004.(Chen Zhilong,Guo Dongjun.Study on the planning of Beijing underground space air defense&disaster prevention system[R].Report on Beijing Capital Planning Commission scientific Research,2004.(in Chinese))
[14]郭东军,陈志龙,谢金容,等.城市综合防灾规划编研初探-以南京城市综合防灾规划编研为例[J].城市规划,2012,36(11):49-54.(Chen Zhilong,Guo Dongjun,Xie Jinrong,et al.Preliminary study on compiling and research of urban comprehensive disaster prevention planning:a case study on Nanjing[J].City Planning Review,2012,36(11):49-54.(in Chinese))
[15]冯艳君,曹轶.地下空间总体规划中防灾减灾的规划策略[A]//城乡治理与规划改革---2014中国城市规划年会论文集(01城市安全与防灾规划)[C].2014:100-110.(The planning strategy of disaster prevention and reduction in the overall planning of underground space[A]//Proceedings of China Urban Planning Annual Conference 2014(01 City safety and disaster prevention planning)[C].2014:100-110(in Chinese))
[16]王海阔,陈志龙.城市避难场所与地下空间复合开发模式探讨[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(4):631-634.(Wang Haikuo,Chen Zhilong.Discussion on combined development mode of shelter and underground space[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(4):631-634.(in Chinese))
[17]王琪.基于城市防灾的广场地面地下一体化设计方法研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2015.(Wang Qi.The research of square ground and underground intergrated design method based on urban disaster prevention[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2015.(in Chinese))
[18]王峤.高密度环境下的城市中心区防灾规划研究[D].天津:天津大学,2013.(Wang Qiao.Disaster prevention planning study for the high-density area of city center[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Unviersity,2013.(in Chinese))
[19]钱七虎.中国城市地下空间开发利用的现状评价和前景展望[J].民防苑,2006(增1):1-5.(Qian Qihu.Present situation evaluation and prospect of urban underground space development and utilization in China[J].Civil Defence Realm,2006(Supp.1):1-5.(in Chinese))
[2]钱七虎.我国地下空间开发利用综合管理研究[R].北京:中国工程院,2011.(Qian Qihu.Study on comprehensive management of underground space development in China[R].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Engineering,2011.(in Chinese))
[3]钱七虎.城市可持续发展与地下空间开发利用[J].地下空间,1998,18(2):69-74.(Qian Qihu.Sustainable development of the cities and the development and utilization of underground space[J].Underground Space,1998,18(2):69-74.(in Chinese))
[4]Sterling R,Nelson P.City resiliency and underground space use[A]//The 13thWorld Conference of ACUUS:Advances in Underground Space Development[C].Singapore,2012:43-55
[5]Nelson P,Sterling R.Sustainability and resilience of underground urban infrastructure:New approaches to metrics and formalism[A]//Geo Congress 2012:State of the Art and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering[C].Oakland,California,United States,2012:3199-3208.
[6]吕元.城市防灾空间系统规划策略研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2004.(LüYuan.Study on the planning strategy of urban disaster-prevention space system[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2004.(in Chinese))
[7]王薇.城市防灾空间规划研究及实践[D].长沙:中南大学,2007.(Wang Wei.Study on disasterprevention space planning of urban and its experience[D].Changsha:Central South University,2007.(in Chinese))
[8]陈志龙,郭东军.城市抗震中地下空间作用与定位的思考[J].规划师,2008,24(7):22-25.(Chen Zhilong,Guo Dongjun.Reflection on the role of underground space in city anti-quake planning[J].Planners,2008,24(7):22-25(in Chinese))
[9]陈志龙,陈家运,郭东军,等.地下空间利用与城市防灾研究若干新进展与思考[J].中国工程科学.2013,15(5):65-70.(Chen Zhilong,Chen Jiayun,Guo Dongjun,et al.Development and its thoughts on research of underground space and urban anti-disaster[J].Engineering Sciences,2013,15(5):65-70.(in Chinese))
[10]郝磊.浅析地下空间与城市综合防灾[A]//2009城市发展与规划国际论坛论文集[C].2009:278-281.(Hao Lei.The research on underground space and urban comprehensive disaster prevetion[A]//Proceedings of the International Forum on Urban Development and planning[C].2009:278-281.(in Chinese))
[11]曾坚,王峤,臧鑫宇.高密度城市中心区地下防灾系统构建[J].建筑学报,2013,9(增2):56-60:56-60.(Zeng Jian,Wang Qiao,Zang Xinyu.Constructing underground disaster-prevention system for high density area of a city center[J].Architectural Journal,2013,9(Supp.2):56-60.(in Chinese))
[12]Makana L O,Jefferson I,Hunt D V L,et al.Assessment of the future resilience of sustainable urban sub-surface enviroments[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2016,55:21-31.
[13]陈志龙,郭东军,北京地下空间防空防灾系统规划研究[R].北京市首规委科研项目报告,2004.(Chen Zhilong,Guo Dongjun.Study on the planning of Beijing underground space air defense&disaster prevention system[R].Report on Beijing Capital Planning Commission scientific Research,2004.(in Chinese))
[14]郭东军,陈志龙,谢金容,等.城市综合防灾规划编研初探-以南京城市综合防灾规划编研为例[J].城市规划,2012,36(11):49-54.(Chen Zhilong,Guo Dongjun,Xie Jinrong,et al.Preliminary study on compiling and research of urban comprehensive disaster prevention planning:a case study on Nanjing[J].City Planning Review,2012,36(11):49-54.(in Chinese))
[15]冯艳君,曹轶.地下空间总体规划中防灾减灾的规划策略[A]//城乡治理与规划改革---2014中国城市规划年会论文集(01城市安全与防灾规划)[C].2014:100-110.(The planning strategy of disaster prevention and reduction in the overall planning of underground space[A]//Proceedings of China Urban Planning Annual Conference 2014(01 City safety and disaster prevention planning)[C].2014:100-110(in Chinese))
[16]王海阔,陈志龙.城市避难场所与地下空间复合开发模式探讨[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(4):631-634.(Wang Haikuo,Chen Zhilong.Discussion on combined development mode of shelter and underground space[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(4):631-634.(in Chinese))
[17]王琪.基于城市防灾的广场地面地下一体化设计方法研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2015.(Wang Qi.The research of square ground and underground intergrated design method based on urban disaster prevention[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2015.(in Chinese))
[18]王峤.高密度环境下的城市中心区防灾规划研究[D].天津:天津大学,2013.(Wang Qiao.Disaster prevention planning study for the high-density area of city center[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Unviersity,2013.(in Chinese))
[19]钱七虎.中国城市地下空间开发利用的现状评价和前景展望[J].民防苑,2006(增1):1-5.(Qian Qihu.Present situation evaluation and prospect of urban underground space development and utilization in China[J].Civil Defence Realm,2006(Supp.1):1-5.(in Chinese))
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