地下工程富水软弱地层注浆加固理论研究新进展
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摘要
目前我国已成为世界公认的隧道与地下工程建设规模和难度最大的国家,断层破碎带、富水砂层等富水软弱地层已经成为地下工程修建过程中最为常见的不良地质体,注浆是治理富水软弱地层的主要方法。结合本课题组研究特色,介绍本课题组在富水软弱地层注浆加固理论、模拟试验及注浆控制方法等方面的最新研究进展。注浆加固理论方面,考虑劈裂注浆加固体的分层特征与空间衰减特征,综合注浆加固后浆脉、被压密地层及原状地层的性能参数及空间展布形态,建立劈裂注浆加固效果定量计算方法;考虑砂层渗透注浆过程中渗滤效应所造成的水泥颗粒滞留空间不均匀性,针对平面径向流渗透注浆形式建立注浆加固体强度的定量计算公式,揭示注浆加固强度的空间衰减特征。注浆加固模拟试验方面,研发隧道突水突泥灾后注浆模拟试验系统,总结突泥塌腔及软弱破碎区域优先充填扩散规律和封闭空间加固区域内多序次劈裂注浆扩散规律;研发可视化劈裂注浆模拟试验系统,揭示注浆过程中劈裂通道形态随时间变化规律,获得试验条件下的劈裂-压密注浆影响范围。注浆控制方法方面,针对泥质断层破碎带及富水砂层分别提出针对性的注浆控制方法,可为富水软弱地层注浆工程实践提供有效指导。
At present,China is the country with the greatest scale and difficulty in the construction of tunnels and underground projects. Fault fracture zone,water-rich sand strata and other water-rich soft strata have become the most common unfavorable geologic bodies in the construction of underground engineering. Grouting is the main method to treat water-rich soft strata. Based on the characteristics of the project team,the latest research progress in grouting reinforcement theory,simulation test and grouting control method in water-rich soft strata was introduced. In terms of grouting reinforcement theory,considering the layered characteristics and space attenuation characteristics of reinforced soil,a quantitative method for calculating the reinforcement effect of splitting grouting was established by synthesizing the performance parameters and spatial distribution of grouting veins,compacted strata and undisturbed strata. Whats more,considering the inhomogeneity of the retention space of cement particles caused by filtration effect in sand layer,a quantitative strength calculation method of grouting reinforced composition ground was established for the permeation grouting form of plane radial flow. On this basis,the spatial attenuation characteristics of grouting strength were revealed. In the aspect of simulation test of grouting reinforcement,a simulation test system for grouting after water inrush and mud inrush of tunnel was developed. The rule of priority filling and diffusion in cavities and soft broken areas and the lawof multi-sequence split grouting diffusion in closed space strengthened area were summarized. A visual simulation test system for splitting grouting was developed,which could reveal the variation rule of split channel shape with time during grouting. The influence range of splitting and compaction grouting under test conditions was obtained. In terms of grouting control methods,the corresponding grouting control methods for muddy fault fracture zone and water-rich sand layer were put forward respectively,which could provide effective guidance for grouting engineering practice in water-rich weak stratum.
At present,China is the country with the greatest scale and difficulty in the construction of tunnels and underground projects. Fault fracture zone,water-rich sand strata and other water-rich soft strata have become the most common unfavorable geologic bodies in the construction of underground engineering. Grouting is the main method to treat water-rich soft strata. Based on the characteristics of the project team,the latest research progress in grouting reinforcement theory,simulation test and grouting control method in water-rich soft strata was introduced. In terms of grouting reinforcement theory,considering the layered characteristics and space attenuation characteristics of reinforced soil,a quantitative method for calculating the reinforcement effect of splitting grouting was established by synthesizing the performance parameters and spatial distribution of grouting veins,compacted strata and undisturbed strata. Whats more,considering the inhomogeneity of the retention space of cement particles caused by filtration effect in sand layer,a quantitative strength calculation method of grouting reinforced composition ground was established for the permeation grouting form of plane radial flow. On this basis,the spatial attenuation characteristics of grouting strength were revealed. In the aspect of simulation test of grouting reinforcement,a simulation test system for grouting after water inrush and mud inrush of tunnel was developed. The rule of priority filling and diffusion in cavities and soft broken areas and the lawof multi-sequence split grouting diffusion in closed space strengthened area were summarized. A visual simulation test system for splitting grouting was developed,which could reveal the variation rule of split channel shape with time during grouting. The influence range of splitting and compaction grouting under test conditions was obtained. In terms of grouting control methods,the corresponding grouting control methods for muddy fault fracture zone and water-rich sand layer were put forward respectively,which could provide effective guidance for grouting engineering practice in water-rich weak stratum.
引文
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[15]李鹏,张庆松,张霄,等.非均质断层介质单双液加固特性对比[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2016,24(4):840-852.LI Peng,ZHANG Qingsong,ZHANG Xiao,et al.Comparison research on reinforcement characteristics of cement slurry and C-S slurry for inhomogeneous fault medium[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2016,24(4):840-852.
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[18]杨志全,侯克鹏,郭婷婷,等.基于考虑时变性的宾汉姆流体的渗透注浆机制研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2011,43(增刊1):67-72.YANG Zhiquan,HOU Kepeng,GUO Tingting,et al.Study on penetration grouting mechanism based on Bingham fluid of time-dependent behavior[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2011,43(Suppl.1):67-72.
[19]杨秀竹,雷金山,夏力农,等.幂律型浆液扩散半径研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(11):112-115.YANG Xiuzhu,LEI Jinshan,XIA Linong,et al.Study on grouting diffusion radius of exponential fluids[J].Rock and Soil M echanics,2005,26(11):112-115.
[20]叶飞,苟长飞,刘燕鹏,等.盾构隧道壁后注浆浆液时变半球面扩散模型[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(12):1789-1794.YE Fei,GOU Changfei,LIU Yanpeng,et al.Halfspherical surface diffusion model of shield tunnel backfilled grouts[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2012,40(12):1789-1794.
[21]张连震,张庆松,刘人太,等.考虑浆液黏度时空变化的速凝浆液渗透注浆扩散机制研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(2):443-452.ZHANG Lianzhen,ZHANG Qingsong,LIU Rentai,et al.Penetration grouting mechanism of quick setting slurry considering spatiotemporal variation of viscosity[J].Rock and Soil M echanics,2017,38(2):443-452.
[22]叶飞,孙昌海,毛家骅,等.考虑黏度时效性与空间效应的C-S双液浆盾构隧道管片注浆机理分析[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(8):49-56.YE Fei,SUN Changhai,M AO Jiahua,et al.Analysis on grouting mechanism for shield tunnel segment by cement and sodium silicate mixed grout in consideration of time-dependency and space effect of viscosity[J].China Journal of Highw ay and Transport,2017,30(8):49-56.
[23]SAADA Z,CANOU J,DORMIEUX L,et al.Modelling of cement suspension flow in granular porous media[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical M ethods in Geomechanics,2005,29(7):691-711.
[24]YOON J,MOHTAR C S E.A filtration model for evaluating maximum penetration distance of bentonite grout through granular soils[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2015(65):291-301.
[25]李鹏.泥质断层劈裂注浆全过程力学机理与控制方法研究[D].济南:山东大学,2017.LI Peng.M echanical mechanism and control method of fracturing grouting for argillaceous fault[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2017.
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[2]周宗青,李术才,李利平,等.浅埋隧道塌方地质灾害成因及风险控制[J].岩土力学,2013,34(5):1376-1382.ZHOU Zongqing,LI Shucai,LI Liping,et al.Causes of geological hazards and risk control of collapse in shallow tunnels[J].Rock and Soil M echanics,2013,34(5):1376-1382.
[3]张会刚,张广泽,毛邦燕.沪昆客专小高山隧道突水突泥及致灾原因探析[J].铁道工程学报,2016,33(8):66-70.ZHANG Huigang,ZHANG Guangze,M AO Bangyan,et al.M echanism analysis and w ater and mud breakout in the Xiaogao M ountain Tunnel in Shanghai-Kunming passenger dedicated railw ay[J].Journal of Railw ay Engineering Society,2016,33(8):66-70.
[4]程雪松,郑刚,邓楚涵,等.基坑悬臂排桩支护局部失效引发连续破坏机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(7):1249-1263.CHENG Xuesong,ZHENG Gang,DENG Chuhan,et al.M echanism of progressive collapse induced by partial failure of cantilever contiguous retaining piles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(7):1249-1263.
[5]LI S C,LIU R T,ZHANG Q S,et al.Protection against w ater or mud inrush in tunnels by grouting:a review[J].Journal of Rock M echanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2016,8(5):753-766.
[6]邝键政,昝月稳,王杰,等.岩土工程注浆理论与工程实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[7]张庆松,韩伟伟,李术才,等.灰岩角砾岩破碎带涌水综合注浆治理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(12):2412-2419.ZHANG Qingsong,HAN Weiw ei,LI Shucai,et al.Comprehensive grouting treatment for w ater gushing analysis in limestone breccias fracture zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2012,31(12):2412-2419.
[8]李术才,张伟杰,张庆松,等.富水断裂带优势劈裂注浆机制及注浆控制方法研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(3):745-751.LI Shucai,ZHANG Weijie,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Research on advantage-fracture grouting mechanism and controlled grouting method in w ater-rich fault zone[J].Rock and Soil M echanics,2014,35(3):745-751.
[9]张伟杰.隧道工程富水断层破碎带注浆加固机制及应用研究[D].济南:山东大学,2014.ZHANG Weijie.M echanism of grouting reinforcement of w ater-rich fault fractured zone and its application in tunnel engineering[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2014.
[10]邹金锋,李亮,杨小礼.劈裂注浆扩散半径及压力衰减分析[J].水利学报,2006,37(3):314-319.ZOU Jinfeng,LI Liang,YANG Xiaoli,et al.Penetration radius and pressure attenuation law in fracturing grouting[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(3):314-319.
[11]张忠苗,邹健.桩底劈裂注浆扩散半径和注浆压力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(2):181-184.ZHANG Zhongmiao,ZOU Jian.Penetration radius and grouting pressure in fracture grouting[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(2):181-184.
[12]张庆松,张连震,刘人太,等.基于“浆-土”界面应力耦合效应的劈裂注浆理论研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(2):323-330.ZHANG Qingsong,ZHANG Lianzhen,LIU Rentai,et al.Split grouting theory based on slurry-soil coupling effects[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(2):323-330.
[13]张连震.地铁穿越砂层注浆扩散与加固机制及工程应用[D].济南:山东大学,2017.ZHANG Lianzhen.Study on penetration and reinforcement mechanism of grouting in sand layer disclosed by subw ay tunnel and its application[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2017.
[14]张连震,李志鹏,张庆松,等.基于土体非线性压密效应的劈裂注浆机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(7):1483-1493.ZHANG Lianzhen,LI Zhipeng,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Split grouting mechanism based on nonlinear characteristics of compression process of soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2016,35(7):1483-1493.
[15]李鹏,张庆松,张霄,等.非均质断层介质单双液加固特性对比[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2016,24(4):840-852.LI Peng,ZHANG Qingsong,ZHANG Xiao,et al.Comparison research on reinforcement characteristics of cement slurry and C-S slurry for inhomogeneous fault medium[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2016,24(4):840-852.
[16]张庆松,李鹏,张霄,等.隧道断层泥注浆加固机制模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(5):924-934.ZHANG Qingsong,LI Peng,ZHANG Xiao,et al.M odel test of grouting strengthening mechanism for Fault gouge of tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2015,34(5):924-934.
[17]张伟杰,李术才,魏久传,等.富水破碎岩体帷幕注浆模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(9):1627-1634.ZHANG Weijie,LI Shucai,WEI Jiuchuan,et al.M odel tests on curtain grouting in w ater-rich broken rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(9):1627-1634.
[18]杨志全,侯克鹏,郭婷婷,等.基于考虑时变性的宾汉姆流体的渗透注浆机制研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2011,43(增刊1):67-72.YANG Zhiquan,HOU Kepeng,GUO Tingting,et al.Study on penetration grouting mechanism based on Bingham fluid of time-dependent behavior[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2011,43(Suppl.1):67-72.
[19]杨秀竹,雷金山,夏力农,等.幂律型浆液扩散半径研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(11):112-115.YANG Xiuzhu,LEI Jinshan,XIA Linong,et al.Study on grouting diffusion radius of exponential fluids[J].Rock and Soil M echanics,2005,26(11):112-115.
[20]叶飞,苟长飞,刘燕鹏,等.盾构隧道壁后注浆浆液时变半球面扩散模型[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(12):1789-1794.YE Fei,GOU Changfei,LIU Yanpeng,et al.Halfspherical surface diffusion model of shield tunnel backfilled grouts[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2012,40(12):1789-1794.
[21]张连震,张庆松,刘人太,等.考虑浆液黏度时空变化的速凝浆液渗透注浆扩散机制研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(2):443-452.ZHANG Lianzhen,ZHANG Qingsong,LIU Rentai,et al.Penetration grouting mechanism of quick setting slurry considering spatiotemporal variation of viscosity[J].Rock and Soil M echanics,2017,38(2):443-452.
[22]叶飞,孙昌海,毛家骅,等.考虑黏度时效性与空间效应的C-S双液浆盾构隧道管片注浆机理分析[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(8):49-56.YE Fei,SUN Changhai,M AO Jiahua,et al.Analysis on grouting mechanism for shield tunnel segment by cement and sodium silicate mixed grout in consideration of time-dependency and space effect of viscosity[J].China Journal of Highw ay and Transport,2017,30(8):49-56.
[23]SAADA Z,CANOU J,DORMIEUX L,et al.Modelling of cement suspension flow in granular porous media[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical M ethods in Geomechanics,2005,29(7):691-711.
[24]YOON J,MOHTAR C S E.A filtration model for evaluating maximum penetration distance of bentonite grout through granular soils[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2015(65):291-301.
[25]李鹏.泥质断层劈裂注浆全过程力学机理与控制方法研究[D].济南:山东大学,2017.LI Peng.M echanical mechanism and control method of fracturing grouting for argillaceous fault[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2017.
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