微电网动态重构策略的研究与实现
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摘要
微电网是分布式可再生能源利用的高级应用形式.为应对可再生能源的随机性、间歇性以及环境的不确定性,寻求有效的微网动态重构策略,对于保障微电网的高效稳定运行具有重要意义.针对微电网的能量管理问题,文中提出了一种基于多智能体系统(Multi-agent System,MAS)的微电网动态重构策略.首先,在分析微电网重构激发条件和重构基本特征的基础上,以经济性最优为目标,建立了微电网动态重构数学模型;然后,基于各分布式电源的自身效益最大化,采用MAS和引入势博弈算法作为核心优化算法,搭建了微电网能量管理系统,通过各智能体的交互协作实现微电网的动态重构,势博弈良好的分布式特性使得微电网拓扑结构与优化算法相互支撑、实现了完全分布式;最后,通过孤岛微电网算例进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明微电网在保障个体具有充分的自主性和独立决策能力的基础上能够有效进行动态重构,验证了所提方法的有效性.
Micro-grid is an advanced application to utilize distributed renewable energy. Due to the randomness and intermittency of renewable energy and the environmental uncertainty,it is important to seek an effective dynamic reconfiguration strategy to ensure the efficient and stable operation of micro-grid. To solve the problem of micro-grid energy management,a dynamic reconfiguration strategy was proposed for micro-grid architecture based on the multi-agent system(MAS) technology. Firstly,the mathematic model of micro-grid aiming at a maximum economic benefit is built based on the analysis of the excitation conditions and basic characteristics of micro-grid's reconfiguration. Secondly,the micro-grid energy management system(MEMS) based on MAS and the potential game algorithm introduced as the core optimization algorithm is built based on the self-benefit maximization of distributed power supply. It realized the dynamic reconfiguration of micro-grid through the interaction of each agent. Potential game has excellent distributed characteristics that realize absolute distributed dynamic reconfiguration by combining topology with core optimization algorithm. Finally,simulation verification was carried out by an example of islanded micro-grid. Simulation results show that micro-grid can realize effectivelly dynamic reconfiguration while ensuring that individuals have sufficient autonomy and independent decision-making ability. Simulation results also verify the validity of the proposed methods.
Micro-grid is an advanced application to utilize distributed renewable energy. Due to the randomness and intermittency of renewable energy and the environmental uncertainty,it is important to seek an effective dynamic reconfiguration strategy to ensure the efficient and stable operation of micro-grid. To solve the problem of micro-grid energy management,a dynamic reconfiguration strategy was proposed for micro-grid architecture based on the multi-agent system(MAS) technology. Firstly,the mathematic model of micro-grid aiming at a maximum economic benefit is built based on the analysis of the excitation conditions and basic characteristics of micro-grid's reconfiguration. Secondly,the micro-grid energy management system(MEMS) based on MAS and the potential game algorithm introduced as the core optimization algorithm is built based on the self-benefit maximization of distributed power supply. It realized the dynamic reconfiguration of micro-grid through the interaction of each agent. Potential game has excellent distributed characteristics that realize absolute distributed dynamic reconfiguration by combining topology with core optimization algorithm. Finally,simulation verification was carried out by an example of islanded micro-grid. Simulation results show that micro-grid can realize effectivelly dynamic reconfiguration while ensuring that individuals have sufficient autonomy and independent decision-making ability. Simulation results also verify the validity of the proposed methods.
引文
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[10] AMANULLA B,CHAKRABARTI S,SINGH S.Reconfigu-ration of power distribution systems considering reliability and power loss [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(2):918- 926.
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[15] LAGORSE J,PAIRE D,MIRAOUI A.A multi-agent system for energy management of distributed power sources [J].Renewable Energy,2010,35(1):174- 182.
[16] 郝雨辰,吴在军,窦晓波,等.多代理系统在直流微电网稳定控制中的应用 [J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(25):27- 35.HAO Yu-chen,WU Zai-jun,DOU Xiao-bo,et al.Application of multi-agent systems to the DC microgrid stability control [J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(25):27- 35.
[17] NUNNA KUMAR H S V S.Multiagent-based Distributed-energy-resource management for intelligent microgrids [J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(4):1678- 1687.
[18] OLFATI SABER R,FAX A,MURRAY R M.Consensus and cooperation in networked multi-agent systems [J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2007,95(1):215- 233.
[19] 曾君,王侨侨,刘俊峰,等.一种基于势博弈的微电网分布式运行优化算法 [J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(24):7195- 7204.ZENG Jun,WANG Qiao-qiao,LIU Jun-feng,et al.An operation optimization algorithm of microgrid based on potential game [J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(24):7195- 7204.
[20] 曾君,刘俊峰,吴丽群,等.可再生能源分布式发电能量管理的复杂性研究 [J].控制理论与应用,2012,29(2):257- 264.ZENG Jun,LIU Jun-feng,WU Li-qun,et al.Complex characteristics of energy management system for distributed renewable energy generation [J].Control Theory & Applications,2012,29(2):257- 264.
[2] 吴雄,王秀丽,刘世民,等.微电网能量管理系统研究综述 [J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(10):7- 14.WU Xiong,WANG Xiu-li,LIU Shi-min,et al.Summary of research on microgrid energy management system [J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(10):7- 14.
[3] 杨新法,苏剑,吕志鹏,等.微电网技术综述 [J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):57- 70.YANG Xin-fa,SU Jian,Lü Zhi-peng,et al.Overview on micro-grid technology [J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):57- 70.
[4] 刘振亚.中国电力与能源 [M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012.
[5] 王成山,肖朝霞,王守相.微电网综合控制与分析 [J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(7):98- 103.WANG Cheng-shan,XIAO Zhao-xia,WANG Shou-xiang.Synthetical control and analysis of microgrid [J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(7):98- 103.
[6] 丁明,张颖媛,茆美琴.微电网研究中的关键技术 [J].电网技术,2009,33(11):6- 11DING Ming,ZHANG Ying-yuan,MAO Mei-qin.Key technologies for microgrids being researched [J].Power System Technology,2009,33(11):6- 11.
[7] 张建华,苏玲,陈勇,等.微电网的能量管理及其控制策略 [J].电网技术,2011,35(7):24- 28.ZHANG Jian-hua,SU Ling,CHEN Yong,et al.Energy management of microgrid and its control strategy [J].Power System Technology,2011,35(7):24- 28.
[8] 詹昕,向铁元,陈红坤.微电网加权熵变脆弱性评估及实时重构 [J].电网技术,2014,38(2):360- 367.ZHAN Xin,XIANG Tie-yuan,CHEN Hong-kun.Vulnerability assessment and real time reconfiguration of microgrid based on weighted entropy theory [J].Power System Technology,2014,38(2):360- 367.
[9] FARAHANI V,VAHIDI B,ABYANEH H.Reconfiguration and capacitor placement simultaneously for energy loss reduction based on an improved reconfiguration method [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(2):587- 595.
[10] AMANULLA B,CHAKRABARTI S,SINGH S.Reconfigu-ration of power distribution systems considering reliability and power loss [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(2):918- 926.
[11] SCENNA F,ANAUT D,PASSONI L,et al.Reconfiguration of electrical networks by an ant colony optimization algorithm [J].IEEE Latin America Transactions,2013,11(1):538- 544.
[12] SHARIATZADEH F,VELLAITHURAI C,BISWAS S,et al.Real-time implementation of intelligent reconfiguration algorithm for microgrid [J].IEEE Trans on Sustainable Energy,2014,5(2):598- 607.
[13] KUMAR R H,USHAKUMARI S.Optimal management of islanded microgrid using binary particle swarm optimization [C]// International Conference on Advances in Green Energy.Thiruvananthapuram:IEEE,2015:251- 257.
[14] 李晨迪,陈渊睿,曾君,等.基于非合作博弈的微电网能量管理系统优化算法 [J].电网技术,2016,40(2):387- 395LI Chen-di,CHEN Yuan-rui,ZENG Jun,et al.Research on optimization algorithm of microgrid energy management system based on non-cooperative game theory [J].Power System Technology,2016,40(2):387- 395.
[15] LAGORSE J,PAIRE D,MIRAOUI A.A multi-agent system for energy management of distributed power sources [J].Renewable Energy,2010,35(1):174- 182.
[16] 郝雨辰,吴在军,窦晓波,等.多代理系统在直流微电网稳定控制中的应用 [J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(25):27- 35.HAO Yu-chen,WU Zai-jun,DOU Xiao-bo,et al.Application of multi-agent systems to the DC microgrid stability control [J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(25):27- 35.
[17] NUNNA KUMAR H S V S.Multiagent-based Distributed-energy-resource management for intelligent microgrids [J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(4):1678- 1687.
[18] OLFATI SABER R,FAX A,MURRAY R M.Consensus and cooperation in networked multi-agent systems [J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2007,95(1):215- 233.
[19] 曾君,王侨侨,刘俊峰,等.一种基于势博弈的微电网分布式运行优化算法 [J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(24):7195- 7204.ZENG Jun,WANG Qiao-qiao,LIU Jun-feng,et al.An operation optimization algorithm of microgrid based on potential game [J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(24):7195- 7204.
[20] 曾君,刘俊峰,吴丽群,等.可再生能源分布式发电能量管理的复杂性研究 [J].控制理论与应用,2012,29(2):257- 264.ZENG Jun,LIU Jun-feng,WU Li-qun,et al.Complex characteristics of energy management system for distributed renewable energy generation [J].Control Theory & Applications,2012,29(2):257- 264.
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