污水处理厂中抗生素去除规律研究进展
|
摘要
人类大量使用的抗生素会随着人畜排泄物进入污水处理厂。然而,目前的污水处理厂主要以去除常规污染物为目的,难以有效去除抗生素,使得这些抗生素进入环境对人类健康产生严重危害。因此明确污水处理厂中抗生素的迁移转化规律及其影响因素对于保护环境以及人类健康具有重要作用。文章总结了国内外相关研究成果,对污水处理厂中几类主要抗生素的进出水浓度、迁移转化过程及其影响因素进行了综述。结果表明,常见抗生素在污水处理厂进水浓度由高到低为:四环素类>磺胺类>β-内酰胺类>喹诺酮类>大环内酯类;出水浓度由高到低为:四环素类>磺胺类>大环内酯类>β-内酰胺类>喹诺酮类。抗生素在污水处理厂中的去除过程主要有污泥吸附、生物降解、光解和水解。污水处理厂污泥龄、水力停留时间、温度、pH值、溶解氧浓度、金属离子、微生物群落及抗性基因组成和不同处理工艺对抗生素在污水处理厂中的去除均有影响。
Presently municipal wastewater usually contains antibiotics originated from excreta of human and livestock. However, conventional wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) which are designed for removing ordinary contaminants is difficult to remove antibiotics, thus bringing about potential menaces to public health when being released to the environment. This paper reviews the migration and transformation of various sorts of antibiotics, the concentrations of which in influents and effluents of WWTPs, as well as the influencing factors. Summarily, several antibiotics contained in influents of WWTPs were in the descending order of concentration: tetracyclines > sulfonamides > β-Lactams > quinolones > macrolides; while in effluents: tetracyclines > sulfonamides > macrolides > β-Lactams > quinolones. In WWTPs, the main processes wherein antibiotics being removed were adsorption by sludge, bio-degradation, photolysis and hydrolysis, and it has been found that some of the operation factors influence removal of antibiotics, such as sludge retention time, hydraulic retention time, temperature, pH,concentration of DO, metal ions, composition of microbial community and resistance gene, as well as the the configuration and process a WWTP had adopted.
Presently municipal wastewater usually contains antibiotics originated from excreta of human and livestock. However, conventional wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) which are designed for removing ordinary contaminants is difficult to remove antibiotics, thus bringing about potential menaces to public health when being released to the environment. This paper reviews the migration and transformation of various sorts of antibiotics, the concentrations of which in influents and effluents of WWTPs, as well as the influencing factors. Summarily, several antibiotics contained in influents of WWTPs were in the descending order of concentration: tetracyclines > sulfonamides > β-Lactams > quinolones > macrolides; while in effluents: tetracyclines > sulfonamides > macrolides > β-Lactams > quinolones. In WWTPs, the main processes wherein antibiotics being removed were adsorption by sludge, bio-degradation, photolysis and hydrolysis, and it has been found that some of the operation factors influence removal of antibiotics, such as sludge retention time, hydraulic retention time, temperature, pH,concentration of DO, metal ions, composition of microbial community and resistance gene, as well as the the configuration and process a WWTP had adopted.
引文
[1]Wammer K H,Slattery M T,Stemig A M,et al.Tetracycline photolysis in natural waters:loss of antibacterial activity[J].Chemosphere,2011,85(9):1505-1510.
[2]宋现财.四环素类抗生素在活性污泥上的吸附规律及其机理研究[D].天津:南开大学,2014.Song Xiancai.Investigating the Law of Adsorption of Tetracyclines on Activated Sludge and Explore the Mechanism[D].Tianjin:Nankai University,2014.
[3]郭欣妍,王娜,许静,等.兽药抗生素的环境暴露水平及其环境归趋研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2017,37(9):76-86.Guo Xinyan,Wang Na,Xu Jing,et al.Research progress on environmental exposure levels and environmental fate of veterinary antibiotics[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,37(9):77-86.
[4]祖玉梅.β-内酰胺类抗生素的应用与发展现状[J].中国实用医药,2010(30):246-248.Zu Yumei.Application and development ofβ-lactam antibiotics[J].China Practical Medical,2010(30):246-248.
[5]郭隽,张亚雷,周雪飞,等.城市污水中氟喹诺酮类抗生素药物的来源与去除研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2016(2):75-80.Guo Jun,Zhang Yalei,Zhou Xuefei,et al.Occurrence and removal of fluoroquinolones in municipal sewage:a review[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2016(2):75-80.
[6]周佳虹,张翔宇,李茹莹.抗生素在污水处理系统中的迁移分布研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2017,41(8):77-86.Zhou Jiahong,Zhang Xiangyu,Li Ruying.Research progress of distribution and migration of antibiotics in wastewater treatment system[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,41(8):77-86.
[7]魏晓东,刘叶新,周志洪,等.广州典型排放源废水中抗生素的污染特征和去除效果[J].华南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2018(1).Wei Xiaodong,Liu Yexin,Zhou Zhihong,et al.Occurrence and removal of antibiotics from wastewater of typical emission sources in Guangzhou,China[J].Journal of South China Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2018(1).
[8]Wang J,Mao D,Mu Q,et al.Fate and proliferation of typical antibiotic resistance genes in five full-scale pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,526(4):366-373.
[9]Karthikeyan K G,Meyer M T.Occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater treatment facilities in Wisconsin,USA[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,361(1/2/3):196.
[10]Gulkowska A,Leung H W,So M K,et al.Removal of antibiotics from wastewater by sewage treatment facilities in Hong Kong and Shenzhen,China[J].Water Research,2008,42(1/2):395-403.
[11]Huang M H,Zhang W,Liu C,et al.Fate of trace tetracycline with resistant bacteria and resistance genes in an improved AAO wastewater treatment plant[J].Process Safety&Environmental Protection,2015,93:68-74.
[12]Zhang X,Zhao H,Du J,et al.Occurrence,removal,and risk assessment of antibiotics in 12 wastewater treatment plants from Dalian,China[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2017:1-10.
[13]Watkinson A J,Murby E J,Kolpin D W,et al.The occurrence of antibiotics in an urban watershed:from wastewater to drinking water[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(8):2711-2723.
[14]Zuccato E,Castiglioni S,Bagnati R,et al.Source,occurrence and fate of antibiotics in the Italian aquatic environment[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,179(1/2/3):1042-1048.
[15]Mohapatra S,Huang C H,Mukherji S,et al.Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in WWTPs in India and comparison with a similar study in the United States[J].Chemosphere,2016,159:526.
[16]Kasprzyk Hordern B,Dinsdale R M,Guwy A J.The removal of pharmaceuticals,personal care products,endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs during wastewater treatment and its impact on the quality of receiving waters[J].Water Research,2009,43(2):363-380.
[17]Gao L,Shi Y,Li W,et al.Occurrence of antibiotics in eight sewage treatment plants in Beijing,China[J].Chemosphere,2012,86(6):665-671.
[18]García Galán M J,González B S,López R R,et al.Ecotoxicity evaluation and removal of sulfonamides and their acetylated metabolites during conventional wastewater treatment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,437(20):403-412.
[19]Jia A,Wan Y,Xiao Y,et al.Occurrence and fate of quinolone and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in a municipal sewage treatment plant[J].Water Research,2012,46(2):387-394.
[20]Roberts P H,Thomas K V.The occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and surface waters of the lower Tyne catchment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,356(1/2/3):143-153.
[21]G?bel A,Mcardell C S,Joss A,et al.Fate of sulfonamides,macrolides,and trimethoprim in different wastewater treatment technologies[J].Science of the Total Environment,2007,372(2/3):361-371.
[22]Zhou L J,Ying G G,Liu S,et al.Occurrence and fate of eleven classes of antibiotics in two typical wastewater treatment plants in South China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,452/453(5):365-376.
[23]Li B,Zhang T.Mass flows and removal of antibiotics in two municipal wastewater treatment plants[J].Chemosphere,2011,83(9):1284-1289.
[24]Yang S F,Lin C F,Lin Y C,et al.Sorption and biodegradation of sulfonamide antibiotics by activated sludge:Experimental assessment using batch data obtained under aerobic conditions[J].Water Research,2011,45(11):3389-3397.
[25]房晓君,贾丽英,刘娟.城镇污水处理厂中β-内酰胺类抗生素的分布与迁移[J].河北工程大学学报:自然科学版,2014(2):64-66.Fang Xiaojun,Jia Liying,Liu Juan.The distribution and migration ofβ-lactam antibiotics in municipal treatment plant[J].Journal of Hebei University of Engineering:Natural Science Edition,2014(2):64-66.
[26]Naddeo V,Meri?S,Kassinos D,et al.Fate of pharmaceuticals in contaminated urban wastewater effluent under ultrasonic irradiation[J].Water Research,2009,43(16):4019-4027.
[27]G?Bel A,Thomsen A,Mcardell C S,et al.Occurrence and sorption behavior of sulfonamides,macrolides,and trimethoprim in activated sludge treatment[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,39(11):3981-3989.
[28]Watkinson A J,Murby E J,Costanzo S D.Removal of antibiotics in conventional and advanced wastewater treatment:implications for environmental discharge and wastewater recycling[J].Water Research,2007,41(18):4164-4176.
[29]贾励瑛.β-内酰胺类抗生素在污水处理厂的分布与迁移转化[D].邯郸:河北工程大学,2012.Jia Liying.The Distribution,Migration and Transformation ofβ-lactam Antibiotics in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant[D].Handan:Hebei University of Engineering,2012.
[30]Li B,Zhang T.Biodegradation and adsorption of antibiotics in the activated sludge process[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2010,44(9):3468-3473.
[31]Mcardell C S,Molnar E,Suter M J,et al.Occurrence and fate of macrolide antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants and in the Glatt Valley watershed,Switzerland[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2003,37(24):5479-5486.
[32]Li B,Zhang T.Mass flows and removal of antibiotics in two municipal wastewater treatment plants[J].Chemosphere,2011,83(9):1284-1289.
[33]刘娟.磺胺类抗生素在城市污水处理厂的分布与迁移转化研究[D].邯郸:河北工程大学,2012.Liu Juan.The Occurrence and Transformation of Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant[D].Handan:Hebei Polytechnical University,2012.
[34]邵一如,席北斗,曹金玲,等.抗生素在城市污水处理系统中的分布及去除[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(7):85-92.Shao Yiru,Xi Beidou,Cao Jinling,et al.Occurrence of antibiotics and their removal mechanism in municipal sewage treatment plants[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,36(7):85-92.
[35]Albini A,Monti S.Photophysics and photochemistry of fluoroquinolones[J].Chemical Society Reviews,2003,34(38):238-250.
[36]李圆杏,黄宏,刘臻.模拟日光照射下三种抗生素的光降解行为[J].环境化学,2013(8):1513-1517.Li Yuanxing,Huang Hong,Liu Zhen.Photodegradation of three antibiotics under simulated sunlight irradiation[J].Environmental Chemistry,2013(8):1513-1517.
[37]Volmer D A,Hui J P.Study of erythromycin A decomposition products in aqueous solution by solid-phase microextraction/liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry[J].Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,1998,12(3):123-129.
[38]Xia S,Jia R,Feng F,et al.Effect of solids retention time on antibiotics removal performance and microbial communities in an A/O-MBR process[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,106(2):36-43.
[39]杨程,郭劲松,Sturm Belinda S M,等.不同污泥龄对活性污泥系统处理各种药物的影响[J].中国给水排水,2012(13):99-102.Yang Cheng,Guo Jinsong,Sturm Belinda S M,et al.Impact of sludge retention time on pharmaceuticals removal in activated sludge system[J].China Water&Wastewater,2012(13):99-102.
[40]贾仁勇,夏四清,张善发.两种MBR工艺处理含抗生素污水效果及反应器内微生物群落结构[J].净水技术,2011,30(5):28-33.Jia Renyong,Xia Siqing,Zhang Shanfa.Comparison of antibiotics removal performance and microbial community structures between two different MBR processes[J].Water Purification Technology,2011,30(5):28-33.
[41]Prado N,Ochoa J,Amrane A.Biodegradation by activated sludge and toxicity of tetracycline into a semi-industrial membrane bioreactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(15):3769-3774.
[42]Coleman H M,Troester M,Khan S J,et al.Assessment of trace organic chemical removal by a membrane bioreactor using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and a yeast screen bioassay[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2009,28(12):2537-2545.
[43]Yang S F,Lin C F,Wu C J,et al.Fate of sulfonamide antibiotics in contact with activated sludge-sorption and biodegradation[J].Water Research,2012,46(4):1301.
[44]Sungpyo Kim,Peter Eichhorn,James N J,et al.Removal of antibiotics in wastewater:effect of hydraulic and solid retention times on the fate of tetracycline in the activated sludge process[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,39(15):5816-5823.
[45]Hai F I,Tessmer K,Nguyen L N,et al.Removal of micropollutants by membrane bioreactor under temperature variation[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2011,383(1):144-151.
[46]杨煜东.典型PPCPs土霉素在活性污泥处理系统中吸附和降解特性研究[D].上海:东华大学,2010.Yang Yudong.Studies on Characteristics of Adsorbtion and Biodegradation of Typical PPCPs Oxtetracyeline in the Activated Sludge Treatment System[J].Shanghai:Donghua University,2010.
[47]Sara Castiglioni,Renzo Bagnati,Roberto Fanelli,et al.Removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage treatment plants in italy[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2006,40(1):357.
[48]黄圣琳,何势,魏欣,等.污水处理厂中四环素类抗生素残留及其抗性基因污染特征研究进展[J].化工进展,2015(6):1779-1785.Huang Shenglin,He Shi,Wei Xin,et al.Pollution characteristics of tetracycline residues and tetracycline resistance genes in sewage treatment plants:a review[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2015(6):1779-1785.
[49]白杨.污水厂中磺胺类抗生素的去除效率与残留特征[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2012.Bai Yang.The Removal Efficiency and Residual Characteritics of Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Sewage Treatment Plants[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2012.
[50]Aksu Z,Tun??.Application of biosorption for penicillin Gremoval:comparison with activated carbon[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,40(2):831-847.
[51]Rivera Utrilla J,Gómez Pacheco C V,Sánchez Polo M,et al.Tetracycline removal from water by adsorption/bioadsorption on activated carbons and sludge-derived adsorbents[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2013,131:16-24.
[52]孙丰霞.污水处理系统中磺胺嘧啶和磺胺甲啊恶唑的优化处理研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.Sun Fengxia.Study on Optimizational Treatment of Sulfadiazine and Sulfamethoxazole in the Sewage Treatment System[D].Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2014.
[53]肖斌,黄满红,陈亮.活性污泥SBR系统对四环素耐药菌和总四环素的去除特性[J].环境化学,2012,31(12):1974-1978.Xiao Bin,Huang Manjiang,Chen Liang.Study of removal characteristic on tetracycline and tetracycline resistant bacteria in SBR[J].Environmental Chemistry,2012,31(12):1974-1978.
[54]Wijekoon K C,Mcdonald J A,Khan S J,et al.Development of a predictive framework to assess the removal of trace organic chemicals by anaerobic membrane bioreactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,189:391.
[55]Tadkaew N,Hai F I,Mcdonald J A,et al.Removal of trace organics by MBR treatment:the role of molecular properties[J].Water Research,2011,45(8):2439-2451.
[56]Ocampo Pérez R,Rivera Utrilla J,Gómez Pacheco C,et al.Kinetic study of tetracycline adsorption on sludge-derived adsorbents in aqueous phase[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,213(12):88-96.
[57]张滢楹,耿金菊,任洪强,等.环境浓度抗生素选择性压力改变活性污泥微生物群落结构[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(5):66-74.Zhang Yingying,Geng Jinju,Ren Hongqiang,et al.Environmental concentration antibiotic selection pressure changed microbial community composition of activated sludge[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2015,10(5):66-74.
[58]Novo A,AndréS,Viana P,et al.Antibiotic resistance,antimicrobial residues and bacterial community composition in urban wastewater[J].Water Research,2013,47(5):1875-1887.
[59]Tremblay C L,Letellier A,Quessy S,et al.Antibiotic-resistant enterococcus faecalis in abattoir pigs and plasmid colocalization and cotransfer of tet(M)and erm(B)genes[J].JFood Prot,2012,75(9):1595-1602.
[60]张瑞京.广州及珠海污水处理厂典型抗生素污染特征研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2007.Zhang Ruijing.Features of Typical Antibiotics in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Guangzhou and Zhuhai[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University,2007.
[61]刘冲,黄满红,肖斌.城市污水厂中四环素类抗生素分布特性研究[J].广州化工,2012,40(14):153-156.Liu Chong,Huang Manjiang,Xiao Bin.Determination of the distribution characteristics of tetracyclines in wastewater treatment plant[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2012,40(14):153-156.
[62]吴立乐.上海市典型污水处理厂中药品和个人护理品迁移转化规律[D].上海:东华大学,2014.Wu Lile.Occurrence and Removal Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in Typical Wastewater Treatment Plants in Shanghai[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2014.
[63]Zhou P,Asce M,Su C,et al.Treatment of high-strength pharmaceutical wastewater and removal of antibiotics in anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment processes[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2006,132(1):129-136.
[64]Choi K J,Kim S G,Kim C W,et al.Determination of antibiotic compounds in water by on-line SPE-LC/MSD[J].Chemosphere,2007,66(6):977-984.
[65]Matos M,Pereira M A,Parpot P,et al.Influence of tetracycline on the microbial community composition and activity of nitrifying biofilms[J].Chemosphere,2014,117(1):295-302.
[66]Zhou P,Asce M,Su C,et al.Treatment of high-strength pharmaceutical wastewater and removal of antibiotics in anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment processes[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2006,132(1):129-136.
[67]赖后伟,骆其金,朱群华,等.磺胺类抗生素在华南地区不同污水处理工艺中的去除及风险评估[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(8):171-176.Lai Houwei,Luo Qijin,Zhu Qunhua,et al.Sulfonamides antibiotics removals in WWTPs of south China and environmental risk assessment related to some different treatment processes[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,40(8):171-176.
[68]陈涛,李彦文,莫测辉,等.广州污水厂磺胺和喹诺酮抗生素污染特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(6):150-153.Chen Tao,Li Yanwen,Mo Cehui,et al.Screening of sulfonamide and fluroquinolone antibiotics in wastewater of sewage treatment plants in Guangzhou,South China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(6):150-153.
[69]刘鹏霄.城市污水处理厂中痕量抗生素的归趋及其减排技术研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2014.Liu Pengxiao.Study on the Fate of Trace Antibiotics in Municipal Wastewater Treatment plants and Technologies to Reduce Their Discharge[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2014.
[70]Cha J M,Yang S,Carlson K H.Trace determination of betalactam antibiotics in surface water and urban wastewater using liquid chromatography combined with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2006,1115(1/2):46.
[71]李思敏.污水厂二级出水深度处理O3+MBSF工艺及微生物群落结构特性研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2016.Li Simin.Research on Advanced Treatment Process and Microflora Structual Characteristics of O3+MBSF for Secondary Effluent of the WWTP[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2016.
[72]Fernandez Fontaina E,Pinho I,Carballa M,et al.Biodegradation kinetic constants and sorption coefficients of micropollutants in membrane bioreactors[J].Biodegradation,2013,24(2):165.
[73]Sahar E,Messalem R,Cikurel H,et al.Fate of antibiotics in activated sludge followed by ultrafiltration(CAS-UF)and in a membrane bioreactor(MBR)[J].Water Research,2011,45(16):4827-4836.
[74]Reif R,Suárez S,Omil F,et al.Fate of pharmaceuticals and cosmetic ingredients during the operation of a MBR treating sewage[J].Desalination,2008,221(1):511-517.
[75]Abegglen C,Joss A,Mcardell C S,et al.The fate of selected micropollutants in a single-house MBR[J].Water Research,2009,43(7):2036-2046.
[76]Kim S D,Cho J,Kim I S,et al.Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in South Korean surface,drinking,and waste waters[J].Water Research,2007,41(5):1013-1021.
[77]Xu W,Zhang G,Li X,et al.Occurrence and elimination of antibiotics at four sewage treatment plants in the Pearl River Delta(PRD),South China[J].Water Research,2007,41(19):4526-4534.
[78]Clara M,Strenn B,Gans O,et al.Removal of selected pharmaceuticals,fragrances and endocrine disrupting compounds in a membrane bioreactor and conventional wastewater treatment plants[J].Water Research,2005,39(19):4797-4807.
[79]Radjenovic J,Petrovic M,BarcelóD.Fate and distribution of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and sewage sludge of the conventional activated sludge(CAS)and advanced membrane bioreactor(MBR)treatment[J].Water Research,2009,43(3):831-841.
[80]王肖.复合MBR强化去除污水中残留抗生素的效果研究[D].南京:东南大学,2015.Wang Xiao.Research on the Enhanced Removal of Antibiotic Residues in Wastewater by New Composite MBR[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2015.
[81]Leminh N,Coleman H M,Khan S J,et al.The application of membrane bioreactors as decentralised systems for removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals and pharmaceuticals[J].Water Science&Technology,2010,61(5):1081.
[82]王冰,孙成,胡冠九.环境中抗生素残留潜在风险及其研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(3):108-111.Wang Bing,Sun Cheng,Hu Guangjiu.Residue antibiotics in environment potential risks and relevant studies[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,30(3):108-111.
[83]汤薪瑶,左剑恶,余忻,等.制药废水中头孢类抗生素残留检测方法及环境风险评估[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(9):2273-2278.Tang Xinyao,Zuo Jian'e,Yu Xin,et al.Residue analysis method and environmental risk assessment of cephalosporin antibiotics in pharmaceutical wastewater[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(9):2273-2278.
[84]徐维海,张干,邹世春,等.典型抗生素类药物在城市污水处理厂中的含量水平及其行为特征[J].环境科学,2007,28(8):1779-1783.Xu Weihai,Zhang Gan,Zou Shichun,et al.Occurrence,distribution and fate of antibiotics in sewage treatment plants[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(8):1779-1783.
[85]Radjenovic J,Jelic A,Petrovic M,et al.Determination of pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge by pressurized liquid extraction(PLE)coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)[J].Analytical&Bioanalytical Chemistry,2009,393(6/7):1685-1695.
[86]Peng X,Wang Z,Kuang W,et al.A preliminary study on the occurrence and behavior of sulfonamides,ofloxacin and chloramphenicol antimicrobials in wastewaters of two sewage treatment plants in Guangzhou,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,371(1/2/3):314.
[87]Lin Yuchen,Yu T H,Lateef S K.Removal of pharmaceuticals in secondary wastewater treatment processes in Taiwan[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,167(1):1163-1169.
[88]Brown K D,Kulis J,Thomson B,et al.Occurrence of antibiotics in hospital,residential,and dairy effluent,municipal wastewater,and the Rio Grande in New Mexico[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,366(2/3):772-783.
[89]Lin A Y,Tsai Y T.Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in Taiwan's surface waters:impact of waste streams from hospitals and pharmaceutical production facilities[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(12):3793-3802.
[90]Yasojima M,Nakada N,Komori K,et al.Occurrence of levofloxacin,clarithromycin and azithromycin in wastewater treatment plant in Japan[J].Water Science&Technology,2006,53(11):227-233.
[91]Gros M,Petrovic M,BarcelóD.Development of a multiresidue analytical methodology based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)for screening and trace level determination of pharmaceuticals in surface and wastewaters[J].Talanta,2006,70(4):678-690.
[92]TB M,HW L,IH L,et al.Antibiotics in the Hong Kong metropolitan area:ubiquitous distribution and fate in Victoria Harbour[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2009,58(7):1052-1062.
[93]Kim M,Guerra P,Shah A,et al.Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment plant[J].Water Science&Technology,2014,69(11):2221-2229.
[94]Dorival García N,Zafra Gómez A,Navalón A,et al.Removal of quinolone antibiotics from wastewaters by sorption and biological degradation in laboratory-scale membrane bioreactors[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,442(1):317-328.
[95]Kovalova L,Siegrist H,Singer H,et al.Hospital wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactor:performance and efficiency for organic micropollutant elimination[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2012,46(3):1536-1545.
[96]Baumgarten S,Schr?der H F,Charwath C,et al.Evaluation of advanced treatment technologies for the elimination of pharmaceutical compounds[J].Water Science&Technology,2007,56(5):1.
[97]Dan A,Yang Y,Dai Y N,et al.Removal of antibiotics from sewage plant effluent by a natural biological aerated filter and the influencing factors[J].Ecological Science,2012,31(3):289-294.
[2]宋现财.四环素类抗生素在活性污泥上的吸附规律及其机理研究[D].天津:南开大学,2014.Song Xiancai.Investigating the Law of Adsorption of Tetracyclines on Activated Sludge and Explore the Mechanism[D].Tianjin:Nankai University,2014.
[3]郭欣妍,王娜,许静,等.兽药抗生素的环境暴露水平及其环境归趋研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2017,37(9):76-86.Guo Xinyan,Wang Na,Xu Jing,et al.Research progress on environmental exposure levels and environmental fate of veterinary antibiotics[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,37(9):77-86.
[4]祖玉梅.β-内酰胺类抗生素的应用与发展现状[J].中国实用医药,2010(30):246-248.Zu Yumei.Application and development ofβ-lactam antibiotics[J].China Practical Medical,2010(30):246-248.
[5]郭隽,张亚雷,周雪飞,等.城市污水中氟喹诺酮类抗生素药物的来源与去除研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2016(2):75-80.Guo Jun,Zhang Yalei,Zhou Xuefei,et al.Occurrence and removal of fluoroquinolones in municipal sewage:a review[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2016(2):75-80.
[6]周佳虹,张翔宇,李茹莹.抗生素在污水处理系统中的迁移分布研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2017,41(8):77-86.Zhou Jiahong,Zhang Xiangyu,Li Ruying.Research progress of distribution and migration of antibiotics in wastewater treatment system[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,41(8):77-86.
[7]魏晓东,刘叶新,周志洪,等.广州典型排放源废水中抗生素的污染特征和去除效果[J].华南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2018(1).Wei Xiaodong,Liu Yexin,Zhou Zhihong,et al.Occurrence and removal of antibiotics from wastewater of typical emission sources in Guangzhou,China[J].Journal of South China Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2018(1).
[8]Wang J,Mao D,Mu Q,et al.Fate and proliferation of typical antibiotic resistance genes in five full-scale pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,526(4):366-373.
[9]Karthikeyan K G,Meyer M T.Occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater treatment facilities in Wisconsin,USA[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,361(1/2/3):196.
[10]Gulkowska A,Leung H W,So M K,et al.Removal of antibiotics from wastewater by sewage treatment facilities in Hong Kong and Shenzhen,China[J].Water Research,2008,42(1/2):395-403.
[11]Huang M H,Zhang W,Liu C,et al.Fate of trace tetracycline with resistant bacteria and resistance genes in an improved AAO wastewater treatment plant[J].Process Safety&Environmental Protection,2015,93:68-74.
[12]Zhang X,Zhao H,Du J,et al.Occurrence,removal,and risk assessment of antibiotics in 12 wastewater treatment plants from Dalian,China[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2017:1-10.
[13]Watkinson A J,Murby E J,Kolpin D W,et al.The occurrence of antibiotics in an urban watershed:from wastewater to drinking water[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(8):2711-2723.
[14]Zuccato E,Castiglioni S,Bagnati R,et al.Source,occurrence and fate of antibiotics in the Italian aquatic environment[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,179(1/2/3):1042-1048.
[15]Mohapatra S,Huang C H,Mukherji S,et al.Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in WWTPs in India and comparison with a similar study in the United States[J].Chemosphere,2016,159:526.
[16]Kasprzyk Hordern B,Dinsdale R M,Guwy A J.The removal of pharmaceuticals,personal care products,endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs during wastewater treatment and its impact on the quality of receiving waters[J].Water Research,2009,43(2):363-380.
[17]Gao L,Shi Y,Li W,et al.Occurrence of antibiotics in eight sewage treatment plants in Beijing,China[J].Chemosphere,2012,86(6):665-671.
[18]García Galán M J,González B S,López R R,et al.Ecotoxicity evaluation and removal of sulfonamides and their acetylated metabolites during conventional wastewater treatment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,437(20):403-412.
[19]Jia A,Wan Y,Xiao Y,et al.Occurrence and fate of quinolone and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in a municipal sewage treatment plant[J].Water Research,2012,46(2):387-394.
[20]Roberts P H,Thomas K V.The occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and surface waters of the lower Tyne catchment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,356(1/2/3):143-153.
[21]G?bel A,Mcardell C S,Joss A,et al.Fate of sulfonamides,macrolides,and trimethoprim in different wastewater treatment technologies[J].Science of the Total Environment,2007,372(2/3):361-371.
[22]Zhou L J,Ying G G,Liu S,et al.Occurrence and fate of eleven classes of antibiotics in two typical wastewater treatment plants in South China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,452/453(5):365-376.
[23]Li B,Zhang T.Mass flows and removal of antibiotics in two municipal wastewater treatment plants[J].Chemosphere,2011,83(9):1284-1289.
[24]Yang S F,Lin C F,Lin Y C,et al.Sorption and biodegradation of sulfonamide antibiotics by activated sludge:Experimental assessment using batch data obtained under aerobic conditions[J].Water Research,2011,45(11):3389-3397.
[25]房晓君,贾丽英,刘娟.城镇污水处理厂中β-内酰胺类抗生素的分布与迁移[J].河北工程大学学报:自然科学版,2014(2):64-66.Fang Xiaojun,Jia Liying,Liu Juan.The distribution and migration ofβ-lactam antibiotics in municipal treatment plant[J].Journal of Hebei University of Engineering:Natural Science Edition,2014(2):64-66.
[26]Naddeo V,Meri?S,Kassinos D,et al.Fate of pharmaceuticals in contaminated urban wastewater effluent under ultrasonic irradiation[J].Water Research,2009,43(16):4019-4027.
[27]G?Bel A,Thomsen A,Mcardell C S,et al.Occurrence and sorption behavior of sulfonamides,macrolides,and trimethoprim in activated sludge treatment[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,39(11):3981-3989.
[28]Watkinson A J,Murby E J,Costanzo S D.Removal of antibiotics in conventional and advanced wastewater treatment:implications for environmental discharge and wastewater recycling[J].Water Research,2007,41(18):4164-4176.
[29]贾励瑛.β-内酰胺类抗生素在污水处理厂的分布与迁移转化[D].邯郸:河北工程大学,2012.Jia Liying.The Distribution,Migration and Transformation ofβ-lactam Antibiotics in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant[D].Handan:Hebei University of Engineering,2012.
[30]Li B,Zhang T.Biodegradation and adsorption of antibiotics in the activated sludge process[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2010,44(9):3468-3473.
[31]Mcardell C S,Molnar E,Suter M J,et al.Occurrence and fate of macrolide antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants and in the Glatt Valley watershed,Switzerland[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2003,37(24):5479-5486.
[32]Li B,Zhang T.Mass flows and removal of antibiotics in two municipal wastewater treatment plants[J].Chemosphere,2011,83(9):1284-1289.
[33]刘娟.磺胺类抗生素在城市污水处理厂的分布与迁移转化研究[D].邯郸:河北工程大学,2012.Liu Juan.The Occurrence and Transformation of Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant[D].Handan:Hebei Polytechnical University,2012.
[34]邵一如,席北斗,曹金玲,等.抗生素在城市污水处理系统中的分布及去除[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(7):85-92.Shao Yiru,Xi Beidou,Cao Jinling,et al.Occurrence of antibiotics and their removal mechanism in municipal sewage treatment plants[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,36(7):85-92.
[35]Albini A,Monti S.Photophysics and photochemistry of fluoroquinolones[J].Chemical Society Reviews,2003,34(38):238-250.
[36]李圆杏,黄宏,刘臻.模拟日光照射下三种抗生素的光降解行为[J].环境化学,2013(8):1513-1517.Li Yuanxing,Huang Hong,Liu Zhen.Photodegradation of three antibiotics under simulated sunlight irradiation[J].Environmental Chemistry,2013(8):1513-1517.
[37]Volmer D A,Hui J P.Study of erythromycin A decomposition products in aqueous solution by solid-phase microextraction/liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry[J].Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,1998,12(3):123-129.
[38]Xia S,Jia R,Feng F,et al.Effect of solids retention time on antibiotics removal performance and microbial communities in an A/O-MBR process[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,106(2):36-43.
[39]杨程,郭劲松,Sturm Belinda S M,等.不同污泥龄对活性污泥系统处理各种药物的影响[J].中国给水排水,2012(13):99-102.Yang Cheng,Guo Jinsong,Sturm Belinda S M,et al.Impact of sludge retention time on pharmaceuticals removal in activated sludge system[J].China Water&Wastewater,2012(13):99-102.
[40]贾仁勇,夏四清,张善发.两种MBR工艺处理含抗生素污水效果及反应器内微生物群落结构[J].净水技术,2011,30(5):28-33.Jia Renyong,Xia Siqing,Zhang Shanfa.Comparison of antibiotics removal performance and microbial community structures between two different MBR processes[J].Water Purification Technology,2011,30(5):28-33.
[41]Prado N,Ochoa J,Amrane A.Biodegradation by activated sludge and toxicity of tetracycline into a semi-industrial membrane bioreactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(15):3769-3774.
[42]Coleman H M,Troester M,Khan S J,et al.Assessment of trace organic chemical removal by a membrane bioreactor using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and a yeast screen bioassay[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2009,28(12):2537-2545.
[43]Yang S F,Lin C F,Wu C J,et al.Fate of sulfonamide antibiotics in contact with activated sludge-sorption and biodegradation[J].Water Research,2012,46(4):1301.
[44]Sungpyo Kim,Peter Eichhorn,James N J,et al.Removal of antibiotics in wastewater:effect of hydraulic and solid retention times on the fate of tetracycline in the activated sludge process[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,39(15):5816-5823.
[45]Hai F I,Tessmer K,Nguyen L N,et al.Removal of micropollutants by membrane bioreactor under temperature variation[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2011,383(1):144-151.
[46]杨煜东.典型PPCPs土霉素在活性污泥处理系统中吸附和降解特性研究[D].上海:东华大学,2010.Yang Yudong.Studies on Characteristics of Adsorbtion and Biodegradation of Typical PPCPs Oxtetracyeline in the Activated Sludge Treatment System[J].Shanghai:Donghua University,2010.
[47]Sara Castiglioni,Renzo Bagnati,Roberto Fanelli,et al.Removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage treatment plants in italy[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2006,40(1):357.
[48]黄圣琳,何势,魏欣,等.污水处理厂中四环素类抗生素残留及其抗性基因污染特征研究进展[J].化工进展,2015(6):1779-1785.Huang Shenglin,He Shi,Wei Xin,et al.Pollution characteristics of tetracycline residues and tetracycline resistance genes in sewage treatment plants:a review[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2015(6):1779-1785.
[49]白杨.污水厂中磺胺类抗生素的去除效率与残留特征[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2012.Bai Yang.The Removal Efficiency and Residual Characteritics of Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Sewage Treatment Plants[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2012.
[50]Aksu Z,Tun??.Application of biosorption for penicillin Gremoval:comparison with activated carbon[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,40(2):831-847.
[51]Rivera Utrilla J,Gómez Pacheco C V,Sánchez Polo M,et al.Tetracycline removal from water by adsorption/bioadsorption on activated carbons and sludge-derived adsorbents[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2013,131:16-24.
[52]孙丰霞.污水处理系统中磺胺嘧啶和磺胺甲啊恶唑的优化处理研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.Sun Fengxia.Study on Optimizational Treatment of Sulfadiazine and Sulfamethoxazole in the Sewage Treatment System[D].Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2014.
[53]肖斌,黄满红,陈亮.活性污泥SBR系统对四环素耐药菌和总四环素的去除特性[J].环境化学,2012,31(12):1974-1978.Xiao Bin,Huang Manjiang,Chen Liang.Study of removal characteristic on tetracycline and tetracycline resistant bacteria in SBR[J].Environmental Chemistry,2012,31(12):1974-1978.
[54]Wijekoon K C,Mcdonald J A,Khan S J,et al.Development of a predictive framework to assess the removal of trace organic chemicals by anaerobic membrane bioreactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,189:391.
[55]Tadkaew N,Hai F I,Mcdonald J A,et al.Removal of trace organics by MBR treatment:the role of molecular properties[J].Water Research,2011,45(8):2439-2451.
[56]Ocampo Pérez R,Rivera Utrilla J,Gómez Pacheco C,et al.Kinetic study of tetracycline adsorption on sludge-derived adsorbents in aqueous phase[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,213(12):88-96.
[57]张滢楹,耿金菊,任洪强,等.环境浓度抗生素选择性压力改变活性污泥微生物群落结构[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(5):66-74.Zhang Yingying,Geng Jinju,Ren Hongqiang,et al.Environmental concentration antibiotic selection pressure changed microbial community composition of activated sludge[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2015,10(5):66-74.
[58]Novo A,AndréS,Viana P,et al.Antibiotic resistance,antimicrobial residues and bacterial community composition in urban wastewater[J].Water Research,2013,47(5):1875-1887.
[59]Tremblay C L,Letellier A,Quessy S,et al.Antibiotic-resistant enterococcus faecalis in abattoir pigs and plasmid colocalization and cotransfer of tet(M)and erm(B)genes[J].JFood Prot,2012,75(9):1595-1602.
[60]张瑞京.广州及珠海污水处理厂典型抗生素污染特征研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2007.Zhang Ruijing.Features of Typical Antibiotics in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Guangzhou and Zhuhai[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University,2007.
[61]刘冲,黄满红,肖斌.城市污水厂中四环素类抗生素分布特性研究[J].广州化工,2012,40(14):153-156.Liu Chong,Huang Manjiang,Xiao Bin.Determination of the distribution characteristics of tetracyclines in wastewater treatment plant[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2012,40(14):153-156.
[62]吴立乐.上海市典型污水处理厂中药品和个人护理品迁移转化规律[D].上海:东华大学,2014.Wu Lile.Occurrence and Removal Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in Typical Wastewater Treatment Plants in Shanghai[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2014.
[63]Zhou P,Asce M,Su C,et al.Treatment of high-strength pharmaceutical wastewater and removal of antibiotics in anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment processes[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2006,132(1):129-136.
[64]Choi K J,Kim S G,Kim C W,et al.Determination of antibiotic compounds in water by on-line SPE-LC/MSD[J].Chemosphere,2007,66(6):977-984.
[65]Matos M,Pereira M A,Parpot P,et al.Influence of tetracycline on the microbial community composition and activity of nitrifying biofilms[J].Chemosphere,2014,117(1):295-302.
[66]Zhou P,Asce M,Su C,et al.Treatment of high-strength pharmaceutical wastewater and removal of antibiotics in anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment processes[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2006,132(1):129-136.
[67]赖后伟,骆其金,朱群华,等.磺胺类抗生素在华南地区不同污水处理工艺中的去除及风险评估[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(8):171-176.Lai Houwei,Luo Qijin,Zhu Qunhua,et al.Sulfonamides antibiotics removals in WWTPs of south China and environmental risk assessment related to some different treatment processes[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,40(8):171-176.
[68]陈涛,李彦文,莫测辉,等.广州污水厂磺胺和喹诺酮抗生素污染特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(6):150-153.Chen Tao,Li Yanwen,Mo Cehui,et al.Screening of sulfonamide and fluroquinolone antibiotics in wastewater of sewage treatment plants in Guangzhou,South China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(6):150-153.
[69]刘鹏霄.城市污水处理厂中痕量抗生素的归趋及其减排技术研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2014.Liu Pengxiao.Study on the Fate of Trace Antibiotics in Municipal Wastewater Treatment plants and Technologies to Reduce Their Discharge[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2014.
[70]Cha J M,Yang S,Carlson K H.Trace determination of betalactam antibiotics in surface water and urban wastewater using liquid chromatography combined with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2006,1115(1/2):46.
[71]李思敏.污水厂二级出水深度处理O3+MBSF工艺及微生物群落结构特性研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2016.Li Simin.Research on Advanced Treatment Process and Microflora Structual Characteristics of O3+MBSF for Secondary Effluent of the WWTP[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2016.
[72]Fernandez Fontaina E,Pinho I,Carballa M,et al.Biodegradation kinetic constants and sorption coefficients of micropollutants in membrane bioreactors[J].Biodegradation,2013,24(2):165.
[73]Sahar E,Messalem R,Cikurel H,et al.Fate of antibiotics in activated sludge followed by ultrafiltration(CAS-UF)and in a membrane bioreactor(MBR)[J].Water Research,2011,45(16):4827-4836.
[74]Reif R,Suárez S,Omil F,et al.Fate of pharmaceuticals and cosmetic ingredients during the operation of a MBR treating sewage[J].Desalination,2008,221(1):511-517.
[75]Abegglen C,Joss A,Mcardell C S,et al.The fate of selected micropollutants in a single-house MBR[J].Water Research,2009,43(7):2036-2046.
[76]Kim S D,Cho J,Kim I S,et al.Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in South Korean surface,drinking,and waste waters[J].Water Research,2007,41(5):1013-1021.
[77]Xu W,Zhang G,Li X,et al.Occurrence and elimination of antibiotics at four sewage treatment plants in the Pearl River Delta(PRD),South China[J].Water Research,2007,41(19):4526-4534.
[78]Clara M,Strenn B,Gans O,et al.Removal of selected pharmaceuticals,fragrances and endocrine disrupting compounds in a membrane bioreactor and conventional wastewater treatment plants[J].Water Research,2005,39(19):4797-4807.
[79]Radjenovic J,Petrovic M,BarcelóD.Fate and distribution of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and sewage sludge of the conventional activated sludge(CAS)and advanced membrane bioreactor(MBR)treatment[J].Water Research,2009,43(3):831-841.
[80]王肖.复合MBR强化去除污水中残留抗生素的效果研究[D].南京:东南大学,2015.Wang Xiao.Research on the Enhanced Removal of Antibiotic Residues in Wastewater by New Composite MBR[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2015.
[81]Leminh N,Coleman H M,Khan S J,et al.The application of membrane bioreactors as decentralised systems for removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals and pharmaceuticals[J].Water Science&Technology,2010,61(5):1081.
[82]王冰,孙成,胡冠九.环境中抗生素残留潜在风险及其研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(3):108-111.Wang Bing,Sun Cheng,Hu Guangjiu.Residue antibiotics in environment potential risks and relevant studies[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,30(3):108-111.
[83]汤薪瑶,左剑恶,余忻,等.制药废水中头孢类抗生素残留检测方法及环境风险评估[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(9):2273-2278.Tang Xinyao,Zuo Jian'e,Yu Xin,et al.Residue analysis method and environmental risk assessment of cephalosporin antibiotics in pharmaceutical wastewater[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(9):2273-2278.
[84]徐维海,张干,邹世春,等.典型抗生素类药物在城市污水处理厂中的含量水平及其行为特征[J].环境科学,2007,28(8):1779-1783.Xu Weihai,Zhang Gan,Zou Shichun,et al.Occurrence,distribution and fate of antibiotics in sewage treatment plants[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(8):1779-1783.
[85]Radjenovic J,Jelic A,Petrovic M,et al.Determination of pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge by pressurized liquid extraction(PLE)coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)[J].Analytical&Bioanalytical Chemistry,2009,393(6/7):1685-1695.
[86]Peng X,Wang Z,Kuang W,et al.A preliminary study on the occurrence and behavior of sulfonamides,ofloxacin and chloramphenicol antimicrobials in wastewaters of two sewage treatment plants in Guangzhou,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,371(1/2/3):314.
[87]Lin Yuchen,Yu T H,Lateef S K.Removal of pharmaceuticals in secondary wastewater treatment processes in Taiwan[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,167(1):1163-1169.
[88]Brown K D,Kulis J,Thomson B,et al.Occurrence of antibiotics in hospital,residential,and dairy effluent,municipal wastewater,and the Rio Grande in New Mexico[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,366(2/3):772-783.
[89]Lin A Y,Tsai Y T.Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in Taiwan's surface waters:impact of waste streams from hospitals and pharmaceutical production facilities[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(12):3793-3802.
[90]Yasojima M,Nakada N,Komori K,et al.Occurrence of levofloxacin,clarithromycin and azithromycin in wastewater treatment plant in Japan[J].Water Science&Technology,2006,53(11):227-233.
[91]Gros M,Petrovic M,BarcelóD.Development of a multiresidue analytical methodology based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)for screening and trace level determination of pharmaceuticals in surface and wastewaters[J].Talanta,2006,70(4):678-690.
[92]TB M,HW L,IH L,et al.Antibiotics in the Hong Kong metropolitan area:ubiquitous distribution and fate in Victoria Harbour[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2009,58(7):1052-1062.
[93]Kim M,Guerra P,Shah A,et al.Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment plant[J].Water Science&Technology,2014,69(11):2221-2229.
[94]Dorival García N,Zafra Gómez A,Navalón A,et al.Removal of quinolone antibiotics from wastewaters by sorption and biological degradation in laboratory-scale membrane bioreactors[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,442(1):317-328.
[95]Kovalova L,Siegrist H,Singer H,et al.Hospital wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactor:performance and efficiency for organic micropollutant elimination[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2012,46(3):1536-1545.
[96]Baumgarten S,Schr?der H F,Charwath C,et al.Evaluation of advanced treatment technologies for the elimination of pharmaceutical compounds[J].Water Science&Technology,2007,56(5):1.
[97]Dan A,Yang Y,Dai Y N,et al.Removal of antibiotics from sewage plant effluent by a natural biological aerated filter and the influencing factors[J].Ecological Science,2012,31(3):289-294.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |