页岩气水平井压裂中地层滑移数值模拟研究
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摘要
为了解页岩气水平井在压裂过程中地层滑移导致套管变形的机理,结合套损井的现场资料,在岩石力学试验的基础上,利用COMSOL数值模拟软件对页岩气水平井在水力压裂过程中地层沿裂缝的滑移变形进行了数值模拟研究。研究结果表明:随着缝内流体压力的增高,裂缝面的滑移量增大,当缝内流体压力达到50 MPa时,裂缝面的滑移量可达到厘米级;当存在多条裂缝时,单一裂缝内流体压力的改变会导致邻近裂缝应力场和滑移量的改变,当缝内流体压力达到80MPa时,对邻近裂缝可产生比较明显的影响;裂缝与裂缝之间的夹角越接近45°,两者之间的影响越明显,且随着裂缝之间距离的增加,相互之间的影响越小,当距离达到80 m时,两者之间基本无影响。研究成果对认识页岩气井剪切型套管变形及对如何预防套管损坏具有一定的理论指导意义。
To understand the mechanism of casing deformation caused by formation slip in shale gas horizontal well fracturing,combined with the field data of casing damage wells,based on rock mechanics test,the numerical simulation of the slip deformation of the formation along the fracture during the hydraulic fracturing of shale gas horizontal well was conducted using COMSOL numerical simulation software. The results show that,with the increase of fracture fluid pressure,the slippage of the fracture surface increases. When the fluid pressure in the fracture reaches 50 MPa,the slippage of the fracture surface can reach to centimeter level. When multiple fractures exist,the change of fluid pressure in a single fracture will lead to the change of stress field of adjacent fractures and slippage.When the fluid pressure in the fracture reaches 80 MPa,it will have a remarkable influence on adjacent fractures.The closer the angle between fractures to 45°,the more significant the influence between the two. The increase of the distance between fractures leads to smaller mutual influence. When the distance reaches 80 m,no influence is observed between the two fractures.
To understand the mechanism of casing deformation caused by formation slip in shale gas horizontal well fracturing,combined with the field data of casing damage wells,based on rock mechanics test,the numerical simulation of the slip deformation of the formation along the fracture during the hydraulic fracturing of shale gas horizontal well was conducted using COMSOL numerical simulation software. The results show that,with the increase of fracture fluid pressure,the slippage of the fracture surface increases. When the fluid pressure in the fracture reaches 50 MPa,the slippage of the fracture surface can reach to centimeter level. When multiple fractures exist,the change of fluid pressure in a single fracture will lead to the change of stress field of adjacent fractures and slippage.When the fluid pressure in the fracture reaches 80 MPa,it will have a remarkable influence on adjacent fractures.The closer the angle between fractures to 45°,the more significant the influence between the two. The increase of the distance between fractures leads to smaller mutual influence. When the distance reaches 80 m,no influence is observed between the two fractures.
引文
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[14]高利军,乔磊,柳占立,等.页岩储层剪切套损的数值模拟及固井对策研究[J].石油机械,2016,44(10):6-10.GAO L J,QIAO L,LIU Z L,et al. Numerical modeling and cementing countermeasure analysis of casing shear damage in shale reservoir[J]. China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(10):6-10.
[15]刘扬,何秀清,王彦兴.井下套管弯曲变形的数值模拟[J].大庆石油学院学报,2005(5):39-40,51,125.LIU Y,HE X Q,WANG Y X. Numerical simulation of bending deformation of downhole casing[J]. Journal of Daqing Petroleum University,2005(5):39-40,51,125.
[16]任思齐,康志勤,吕义清.热采井套管热固耦合作用数值模拟分析[J].煤炭技术,2017,36(5):301-303.REN S Q,KANG Z Q,LY Q. Numerical simulation thermal-stress coupling in casing of thermal recovery wells[J]. Coal Technology,2017,36(5):301-303.
[17]寇永强.油田开发过程中套管损坏数值模拟研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2011.KOU Y Q. Numerical simulation study of casing damage during oilfield development[D]. Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2011.
[2]张东晓,杨婷云.页岩气开发综述[J].石油学报,2013,34(4):792-801.ZHANG D X,YANG T Y. An overview of shale-gas production[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(4):792-801.
[3]王素兵,罗炽臻.页岩气藏改造技术及四川页岩气藏压裂先导性试验[J].天然气勘探与开发,2012,35(1):65-68,83.WANG S B,LUO C Z. Shale-gas reservoir treatment technology and pilot test of shale-gas reservoir fracturing in Sichuan basin[J]. Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2012,35(1):65-68,83.
[4]张东晓,杨婷云.美国页岩气水力压裂开发对环境的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):801-807.ZHANG D X,YANG T Y. Environmental impact of shale gas hydraulic fracturing development in the United States[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(6):801-807.
[5] Ground Water Protection Council and All Consulting.Modern shale gas development in the United States:a primer[R]. Oklahoma City:Department of Energy and National Energy Technology Laboratory,2009.
[6]王志刚.涪陵焦石坝地区页岩气水平井压裂改造实践与认识[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):425-430.WANG Z G. Practice and cognition of shale gas horizontal well fracturing stimulation in Jiaoshiba of fuling area[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(3):425-430.
[7]蒋可.长宁威远区块页岩气水平井固井质量对套管损坏的影响研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2016.JIANG K. Study on the influence of cementing quality of horizontal shale gas wells in Weiyuan area of Changning on casing damage[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2016.
[8]陈朝伟,石林,项德贵.长宁—威远页岩气示范区套管变形机理及对策[J].天然气工业,2016,36(11):70-75.CHEN Z W,SHI L,XIANG D G. Mechanism of casing deformation in the Changning-Weiyuan national shale gas project demonstration area and countermeasures[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(11):70-75.
[9]田中兰,石林,乔磊.页岩气水平井井筒完整性问题及对策[J].天然气工业,2015,35(9):70-76.TIAN Z L,SHI L,QIAO L. The problem of wellhead integrity in shale gas horizontal wells and its countermeasures[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(9):70-76.
[10] BRUNO M S,NAKAGAWA F M. Pore pressure influence on tensile fracture propagation in sedimentary rock[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1991,28(4):261-273.
[11] BRUNO M S,NELSON R B. Microstructural analysis of the inelastic behavior of sedimentary rock[J]. Mechanics of Materials,1991,12(2):95-118.
[12] SCHWALL G H,DENNEY C A. Subsidence induced casing deformation mechanisms in the Ekofisk field[R]. SPE 28091-MS,1994.
[13] WONG R C K,CHAU K T. Casing Impairment Induced by shear slip along a weak layer in shale due to fluid(steam)injection[J]. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2006,45(12):60-66.
[14]高利军,乔磊,柳占立,等.页岩储层剪切套损的数值模拟及固井对策研究[J].石油机械,2016,44(10):6-10.GAO L J,QIAO L,LIU Z L,et al. Numerical modeling and cementing countermeasure analysis of casing shear damage in shale reservoir[J]. China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(10):6-10.
[15]刘扬,何秀清,王彦兴.井下套管弯曲变形的数值模拟[J].大庆石油学院学报,2005(5):39-40,51,125.LIU Y,HE X Q,WANG Y X. Numerical simulation of bending deformation of downhole casing[J]. Journal of Daqing Petroleum University,2005(5):39-40,51,125.
[16]任思齐,康志勤,吕义清.热采井套管热固耦合作用数值模拟分析[J].煤炭技术,2017,36(5):301-303.REN S Q,KANG Z Q,LY Q. Numerical simulation thermal-stress coupling in casing of thermal recovery wells[J]. Coal Technology,2017,36(5):301-303.
[17]寇永强.油田开发过程中套管损坏数值模拟研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2011.KOU Y Q. Numerical simulation study of casing damage during oilfield development[D]. Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2011.
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