煤矿井下硬岩定向钻进孔底水力加压技术
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摘要
为解决煤矿井下硬岩深孔滑动定向钻进过程中因钻柱托压效应引起的给进压力大、钻进效率低、钻孔深度受限等问题,提出了采用孔底水力加压方式提高钻头钻压的技术思路。通过借鉴石油钻井领域水力加压器结构并结合煤矿井下近水平孔钻进工况进行了孔底水力加压器结构设计,运用理论计算和数值模拟方法进行了水力参数设计。对样机进行了室内测试,测试结果表明,采用Φ12 mm、Φ13 mm、Φ14 mm活塞水眼在流量200～450 L/min范围内输出轴向压力2～10 kN。在淮南张集矿进行了现场试验,并总结出了一套孔底水力加压和水力辅助加压工艺,试验结果表明,滑动定向钻进方式下钻孔深度由464m顺利延伸至578m,深孔钻进时最大钻效由之前托压孔段的1 m/h以下提高至3 m/h以上,试验进尺内平均给进表压较托压孔段降低了23.8%、平均钻效提高了137%。
In order to solve the problem of large feeding pressure, low drilling efficiency and limited hole depth caused by the backing effect of drill string during directional drilling of deep hole in underground coal mines, a technical idea of using hydraulic tool to increase WOB was proposed. The structural design of the hydraulic pressurizer at the bottom of the hole was carried out by drawing on the structure of the hydraulic pressurizer in the field of oil drilling and combining the nearly horizontal drilling conditions in underground coal mines. The hydraulic parameters were designed by the theoretical calculation and the numerical simulation method. The indoor test results show that the axial force 2-10 kN is output in the range of flow 200-450 L/min with 12 mm, 13 mm, and 14 mm of the piston hole. Field test was carried out in Zhangji coal mine and a set of hole-bottom hydraulic pressurization and auxiliary pressurization were summed up. The test results show that the drilling depth was smoothly extended from 464 m to 578 m under the sliding directional drilling method. The maximum drilling efficiency of the deep hole drilling was increased from below 1 m/h to more than 3 m/h.The feeding pressure was reduced by 23.8% and the average drilling efficiency was increased by 137%.
In order to solve the problem of large feeding pressure, low drilling efficiency and limited hole depth caused by the backing effect of drill string during directional drilling of deep hole in underground coal mines, a technical idea of using hydraulic tool to increase WOB was proposed. The structural design of the hydraulic pressurizer at the bottom of the hole was carried out by drawing on the structure of the hydraulic pressurizer in the field of oil drilling and combining the nearly horizontal drilling conditions in underground coal mines. The hydraulic parameters were designed by the theoretical calculation and the numerical simulation method. The indoor test results show that the axial force 2-10 kN is output in the range of flow 200-450 L/min with 12 mm, 13 mm, and 14 mm of the piston hole. Field test was carried out in Zhangji coal mine and a set of hole-bottom hydraulic pressurization and auxiliary pressurization were summed up. The test results show that the drilling depth was smoothly extended from 464 m to 578 m under the sliding directional drilling method. The maximum drilling efficiency of the deep hole drilling was increased from below 1 m/h to more than 3 m/h.The feeding pressure was reduced by 23.8% and the average drilling efficiency was increased by 137%.
引文
[1]李维均.定向钻井摩阻分析及防托压新技术研究[D].南充:西南石油大学,2017
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[6]赵建国.煤层顶板高位定向钻孔施工技术与发展趋势[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(6):137-141.ZHAO Jianguo.Construction technology and development trend of directional borehole in roof of coal seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(6):137-141.
[7]石浩,张杰.煤矿井下精确定向探放水技术[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(2):64-67.SHI Hao,ZHANG Jie.Precise directional water exploration and drainage technology in coal mine[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(2):64-67.
[8]王桦.定向钻孔技术在我国煤矿地层注浆改造中的应用及发展[J].煤炭工程,2017,49(9):1-5.WANG Hua.Application and development of directional drilling technology in coal mine strata grouting transformation in China[J].Coal Engineering,2017,49(9):1-5.
[9]李长青,方俊,李泉新,等.煤层底板超前注浆加固定向孔注浆工艺技术[J].煤田地质与勘探,2014,42(4):59-63.LI Changqing,FANG Jun,LI Quanxin,et al.Advance grouting and fixed hole grouting technology for coal seam floor[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2014,42(4):59-63.
[10]薄玉冰.定向钻井中托压机理分析及对策探讨[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(1):27-32.BO Yubing.Mechanism analysis and countermeasures of supporting pressure in directional drilling[J].Petroleum Drilling Technology,2017,45(1):27-32
[11]张旭.双向减震器的结构及特性研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2007.
[12]卢汉斌.水力加压器结构优化设计及有限元仿真[D].荆州:长江大学,2016.
[13]虢中春.水平井井下水力加压器设计与分析[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2013.
[14]谢健.新型长冲程水力加压推进器设计及改进[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2015.
[15]马自江,孙志和,刘月军.水力加压装置研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2001,23(5):36-37.MA Zijiang,SUN Zhihe,LIU Yuejun.Research and application of hydraulic thrusting device[J].Petroleum Drilling Technology,2001,23(5):36-37.
[16]毛根海,邵卫云,张燕.应用流体力学(附光盘)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[2]曹东风,石希民.煤层气水平井“托压”问题分析及解决措施[J].中国煤炭地质,2016,28(7):44-47.CAO Dongfeng,SHI Ximin.Analysis and solving measures of“supporting pressure”of horizontal well in coalbed methane[J].China Coal Geology,2016,28(7):44-47.
[3]姚克.ZDY12000LD大功率定向钻机装备研发及应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(6):164-168.YAO Ke.ZDY12000LD high power directional drilling equipment development and application[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2016,44(6):164-168.
[4]石智军,李泉新,姚克.煤矿井下1 800 m水平定向钻进技术与装备[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(2):109-113.SHI Zhijun,LI Quanxin,YAO Ke.1 800 m horizontal directional drilling technology and equipment in coal mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(2):109-113.
[5]许超.煤矿井下复合定向钻进技术优势探讨[J].金属矿山,2014,43(2):112-116.XU Chao.Advantages of compound directional drilling technology underground coal mines[J].Metal Mine,2014,43(2):112-116.
[6]赵建国.煤层顶板高位定向钻孔施工技术与发展趋势[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(6):137-141.ZHAO Jianguo.Construction technology and development trend of directional borehole in roof of coal seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(6):137-141.
[7]石浩,张杰.煤矿井下精确定向探放水技术[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(2):64-67.SHI Hao,ZHANG Jie.Precise directional water exploration and drainage technology in coal mine[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(2):64-67.
[8]王桦.定向钻孔技术在我国煤矿地层注浆改造中的应用及发展[J].煤炭工程,2017,49(9):1-5.WANG Hua.Application and development of directional drilling technology in coal mine strata grouting transformation in China[J].Coal Engineering,2017,49(9):1-5.
[9]李长青,方俊,李泉新,等.煤层底板超前注浆加固定向孔注浆工艺技术[J].煤田地质与勘探,2014,42(4):59-63.LI Changqing,FANG Jun,LI Quanxin,et al.Advance grouting and fixed hole grouting technology for coal seam floor[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2014,42(4):59-63.
[10]薄玉冰.定向钻井中托压机理分析及对策探讨[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(1):27-32.BO Yubing.Mechanism analysis and countermeasures of supporting pressure in directional drilling[J].Petroleum Drilling Technology,2017,45(1):27-32
[11]张旭.双向减震器的结构及特性研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2007.
[12]卢汉斌.水力加压器结构优化设计及有限元仿真[D].荆州:长江大学,2016.
[13]虢中春.水平井井下水力加压器设计与分析[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2013.
[14]谢健.新型长冲程水力加压推进器设计及改进[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2015.
[15]马自江,孙志和,刘月军.水力加压装置研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2001,23(5):36-37.MA Zijiang,SUN Zhihe,LIU Yuejun.Research and application of hydraulic thrusting device[J].Petroleum Drilling Technology,2001,23(5):36-37.
[16]毛根海,邵卫云,张燕.应用流体力学(附光盘)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
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