采动微地震波传播与衰减特性研究
|
摘要
为分析采动地震波煤岩响应及其波场特性,构建顶板岩层和煤层2种传播介质接收采动地震波的多通道微震监测系统,研究2种介质采动地震波的传播和衰减特征。研究结果表明:顶板岩层接收到采动地震波的平均波速、加速度均高于煤层,2种介质中的地震波加速度均与爆破装药量成正相关,与传播距离、介质密度负相关。采动微地震波能量、信号时长随传播距离分别呈指数、线性衰减,近爆心处煤层传播微地震波能量、信号时长均高于顶板,超过一定距离后顶板高于煤层;采动微地震波传播距离有限,顶板的有效传播距离高于煤层,地震波有效传播距离与爆破装药量线性正相关。采动地震波低频部分的品质因子高于高频部分,顶板岩层的品质因子高于煤层。研究成果有助于地震波传播介质选取、检波器布设优化。
This study is aimed to analyze the seismic wave response of coal and rock induced by the mining and the corresponding characteristics of wave field. Multi-channel microseismic monitoring system was installed for monitoring the propagation of the mining seismic wave in the rock roof and coal seam. Then the propagation and attenuation characteristics of mining seismic waves in two propagation media were further analyzed. Research results indicate the average velocity and acceleration of the mining seismic wave received by the rock roof are higher than those received by the coal seam. The accelerations of mining seismic waves in two media were both proportional to the explosive charge, but negatively correlated with propagation distance and medium density. The energy and signal duration of the mining micro-seismic wave showed exponential and linear attenuations with the propagation distance, respectively. The energy and signal duration in the coal seam near the explosive center were higher than those in the roof,while the energy and signal duration in the roof were higher than those in the coal seam after a certain propagation distance. The propagation distance of mining micro-seismic wave was limited, and the effective propagation distance in the roof was higher than that in the coal seam. Meanwhile, the effective seismic wave propagation distance was linearly and positively correlated with the explosive charge. The quality factors of the low frequency part of the mining seismic waves were higher than those of the high frequency part, and quality factors of the rock roof were higher than those of the coal seam. The research results contribute to the selection of the seismic wave propagation medium and optimization of the detector layout.
This study is aimed to analyze the seismic wave response of coal and rock induced by the mining and the corresponding characteristics of wave field. Multi-channel microseismic monitoring system was installed for monitoring the propagation of the mining seismic wave in the rock roof and coal seam. Then the propagation and attenuation characteristics of mining seismic waves in two propagation media were further analyzed. Research results indicate the average velocity and acceleration of the mining seismic wave received by the rock roof are higher than those received by the coal seam. The accelerations of mining seismic waves in two media were both proportional to the explosive charge, but negatively correlated with propagation distance and medium density. The energy and signal duration of the mining micro-seismic wave showed exponential and linear attenuations with the propagation distance, respectively. The energy and signal duration in the coal seam near the explosive center were higher than those in the roof,while the energy and signal duration in the roof were higher than those in the coal seam after a certain propagation distance. The propagation distance of mining micro-seismic wave was limited, and the effective propagation distance in the roof was higher than that in the coal seam. Meanwhile, the effective seismic wave propagation distance was linearly and positively correlated with the explosive charge. The quality factors of the low frequency part of the mining seismic waves were higher than those of the high frequency part, and quality factors of the rock roof were higher than those of the coal seam. The research results contribute to the selection of the seismic wave propagation medium and optimization of the detector layout.
引文
[1]李元辉,赵兴东,赵有国,等.不同条件下花岗岩中声波传播速度规律[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(9):1030-1033.LI Yuan-hui,ZHAO Xing-dong,ZHAO You-guo,et al.Propagation law of wave velocity in granite sample under different condition[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2006,27(9):1030-1033.
[2]周枫.裂隙对煤岩超声波速度影响的实验-以沁水盆地石炭系煤层为例[J].煤田地质与勘探,2012,40(2):71-74.ZHOU Feng.Experiment of influence of fractures on coal/rock acoustic velocity:with Carboniferous seams of Qinshui basin as example[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2012,40(2):71-74.
[3]徐晓炼,张茹,戴峰,等.煤岩特性对超声波速影响的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(4):793-800.XU Xiao-lian,ZHANG Ru,DAI Feng,et al.Effect of coal and rock characteristics on ultrasonic velocity[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(4):793-800.
[4]闫治国,朱合华,邓涛,等.三种岩石高温后纵波波速特性的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(11):2010-2014.YAN Zhi-guo,ZHU He-hua,DENG Tao,et al.Experimentai study on longitudinal wave characteristics of tuff,granite and breccia after high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(11):2010-2014.
[5]巩思园,窦林名,徐晓菊,等.冲击倾向性煤岩纵波波速与应力关系试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(1):67-71.GONG Si-yuan,DOU Lin-ming,XU Xiao-ju,et al.Experimental study on the correlation between stress and P-wave velocity for burst tendency coal-rock samples[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(1):67-71.
[6]王大兴,辛可锋,李幼铭,等.地层条件下砂岩含水饱和度对波速及衰减影响的试验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):908-914.WANG Da-xing,XIN Ke-feng,LI You-ming,et al.An experiment study of influence of water saturation on velocity and attenuation in sandstone stratum conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(3):908-914.
[7]赵群,郝守玲.煤样的超声速度和衰减各向异性测试实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):708-712.ZHAO Qun,HAO Shou-ling.Testing anisotropy of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation in coal sample[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(6):708-712.
[8]孟召平,张吉昌,JOACHIM Tiedemann.煤系岩石物理力学参数与声波波速之间的关系[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1505-1510.MENG Zhao-ping,ZHANG Ji-chang,JOACHIMTiedemann.Relationship between physical and mechanical parameters and acoustic wave velocity of coal measures rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1505-1510.
[9]王赟,许小凯,张玉贵.六种不同变质程度煤的纵横波速度特征及其与密度的关系[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3754-3761.WANG Yun,XU Xiao-kai,ZHANG Yu-gui.Characteristics of P-wave and S-wave velocities and their relationships with density of six metamorphic kinds of coals[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(11):3754-3761.
[10]许小凯,王赟,孟召平.六种不同煤阶煤的品质因子特征[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(2):644-650.XU Xiao-kai,WANG Yun,MENG Zhao-ping.Quality factor characteristics of six metamorphic kinds of coals[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(2):644-650.
[11]SHI Q M,QIN Y,LI J Q,et al.Simulation of the crack development in coal without confining stress under ultrasonic wave treatment[J].Fuel,2017(205):222-231.
[12]CHEN H D,JIANG B,CHEN T J,et al.Experimental study on ultrasonic velocity and anisotropy of tectonically deformed coal[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2017(179):242-252.
[13]高仕明,窦林名,张农,等.岩土介质中冲击震动波传播规律的微震试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1365-1371.GAO Shi-ming,DOU Lin-ming,ZHANG Noug,et al.Experimental study on earthquake tremor for transmitting law of rockburst in geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1365-1371.
[14]叶根喜,姜福兴,郭延华,等.煤矿深部采场爆破地震波传播规律的微震原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,26(5):1053-1058.YE Gen-xi,JIANG Fu-xing,GUO Yan-hua,et al.Experimental research on seismic wave attenuation by field microseismic monitoring in a deep coa mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,26(5):1053-1058.
[15]曹安业,LUO Xun,窦林名,等.采动煤岩体中冲击震动波传播的微震效应试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(4):530-535.CAO An-ye,LUO Xun,DOU Lin-ming,et al.Experimental research or seismic wave transmission and attenuation associated with underground longwall coal mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(4):530-535.
[16]彭府华,李庶林,程建勇,等.中尺度复杂岩体应力波传播特性的微震试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(2):312-319.PENG Fu-hua,LI Shu-lin,CHENG Jian-yong,et al.Experimental study on characteristics of stress wave propagation in mesoscale and complex rock mass by microseismic monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(2):312-319.
[17]雷文杰,王兆丰,韩真理.采动效应微震特征及其变化规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):795-803.LEI Wen-jie,WANG Zhao-feng,HAN Zhen-li.Microseismic characteristics due to mining effects[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):795-803.
[18]WU Y K,HAO H,ZHOU Y X,et al.Propagation characteristics of blasting induced shock waves in a joint rock mass[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1998(17):407-412.
[19]DOWDING C H.Construction vibrations[M].Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall,1996.
[20]云美厚,聂岩,李运肖,等.地层品质因子的几种定义及相互关系[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(5):816-823.YUN Mei-hou,NIE Yan,LI Yun-xiao,et al.Definition and mutual relationship of several quality factors[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(5):816-823.
[21]刘德良,李振声,杨强,等.岩石吸收品质因子在天然气运移封闭研究中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(5):347-350.LIU De-liang,LI Zhen-sheng,YANG Qiang,et al.Application of rock absorbability quality factor on the study of natural gas leak and seal[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2003,14(5):347-350.
[2]周枫.裂隙对煤岩超声波速度影响的实验-以沁水盆地石炭系煤层为例[J].煤田地质与勘探,2012,40(2):71-74.ZHOU Feng.Experiment of influence of fractures on coal/rock acoustic velocity:with Carboniferous seams of Qinshui basin as example[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2012,40(2):71-74.
[3]徐晓炼,张茹,戴峰,等.煤岩特性对超声波速影响的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(4):793-800.XU Xiao-lian,ZHANG Ru,DAI Feng,et al.Effect of coal and rock characteristics on ultrasonic velocity[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(4):793-800.
[4]闫治国,朱合华,邓涛,等.三种岩石高温后纵波波速特性的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(11):2010-2014.YAN Zhi-guo,ZHU He-hua,DENG Tao,et al.Experimentai study on longitudinal wave characteristics of tuff,granite and breccia after high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(11):2010-2014.
[5]巩思园,窦林名,徐晓菊,等.冲击倾向性煤岩纵波波速与应力关系试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(1):67-71.GONG Si-yuan,DOU Lin-ming,XU Xiao-ju,et al.Experimental study on the correlation between stress and P-wave velocity for burst tendency coal-rock samples[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(1):67-71.
[6]王大兴,辛可锋,李幼铭,等.地层条件下砂岩含水饱和度对波速及衰减影响的试验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):908-914.WANG Da-xing,XIN Ke-feng,LI You-ming,et al.An experiment study of influence of water saturation on velocity and attenuation in sandstone stratum conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(3):908-914.
[7]赵群,郝守玲.煤样的超声速度和衰减各向异性测试实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):708-712.ZHAO Qun,HAO Shou-ling.Testing anisotropy of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation in coal sample[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(6):708-712.
[8]孟召平,张吉昌,JOACHIM Tiedemann.煤系岩石物理力学参数与声波波速之间的关系[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1505-1510.MENG Zhao-ping,ZHANG Ji-chang,JOACHIMTiedemann.Relationship between physical and mechanical parameters and acoustic wave velocity of coal measures rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1505-1510.
[9]王赟,许小凯,张玉贵.六种不同变质程度煤的纵横波速度特征及其与密度的关系[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3754-3761.WANG Yun,XU Xiao-kai,ZHANG Yu-gui.Characteristics of P-wave and S-wave velocities and their relationships with density of six metamorphic kinds of coals[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(11):3754-3761.
[10]许小凯,王赟,孟召平.六种不同煤阶煤的品质因子特征[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(2):644-650.XU Xiao-kai,WANG Yun,MENG Zhao-ping.Quality factor characteristics of six metamorphic kinds of coals[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(2):644-650.
[11]SHI Q M,QIN Y,LI J Q,et al.Simulation of the crack development in coal without confining stress under ultrasonic wave treatment[J].Fuel,2017(205):222-231.
[12]CHEN H D,JIANG B,CHEN T J,et al.Experimental study on ultrasonic velocity and anisotropy of tectonically deformed coal[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2017(179):242-252.
[13]高仕明,窦林名,张农,等.岩土介质中冲击震动波传播规律的微震试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1365-1371.GAO Shi-ming,DOU Lin-ming,ZHANG Noug,et al.Experimental study on earthquake tremor for transmitting law of rockburst in geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1365-1371.
[14]叶根喜,姜福兴,郭延华,等.煤矿深部采场爆破地震波传播规律的微震原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,26(5):1053-1058.YE Gen-xi,JIANG Fu-xing,GUO Yan-hua,et al.Experimental research on seismic wave attenuation by field microseismic monitoring in a deep coa mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,26(5):1053-1058.
[15]曹安业,LUO Xun,窦林名,等.采动煤岩体中冲击震动波传播的微震效应试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(4):530-535.CAO An-ye,LUO Xun,DOU Lin-ming,et al.Experimental research or seismic wave transmission and attenuation associated with underground longwall coal mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(4):530-535.
[16]彭府华,李庶林,程建勇,等.中尺度复杂岩体应力波传播特性的微震试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(2):312-319.PENG Fu-hua,LI Shu-lin,CHENG Jian-yong,et al.Experimental study on characteristics of stress wave propagation in mesoscale and complex rock mass by microseismic monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(2):312-319.
[17]雷文杰,王兆丰,韩真理.采动效应微震特征及其变化规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):795-803.LEI Wen-jie,WANG Zhao-feng,HAN Zhen-li.Microseismic characteristics due to mining effects[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):795-803.
[18]WU Y K,HAO H,ZHOU Y X,et al.Propagation characteristics of blasting induced shock waves in a joint rock mass[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1998(17):407-412.
[19]DOWDING C H.Construction vibrations[M].Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall,1996.
[20]云美厚,聂岩,李运肖,等.地层品质因子的几种定义及相互关系[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(5):816-823.YUN Mei-hou,NIE Yan,LI Yun-xiao,et al.Definition and mutual relationship of several quality factors[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(5):816-823.
[21]刘德良,李振声,杨强,等.岩石吸收品质因子在天然气运移封闭研究中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(5):347-350.LIU De-liang,LI Zhen-sheng,YANG Qiang,et al.Application of rock absorbability quality factor on the study of natural gas leak and seal[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2003,14(5):347-350.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |