强动压松软煤层巷道煤帮变形破坏特征及锚注加固试验研究
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摘要
松软煤层巷道受动压影响巷帮强烈变形破坏,传统支护难以保证巷道服役期内正常使用。以云驾岭煤矿1213工作面回风巷受动压扰动巷帮大变形问题为例,分析巷帮强烈变形破坏特征,研究巷帮滑移变形机理,提出巷帮锚注加固技术。结果表明:煤体强度低、巷道轴向与最大水平主应力近似垂直、强烈的动压扰动、巷帮支护系统与煤体强度不耦合、侧向支承压力等是导致巷帮大变形的主要原因;受开采扰动作用巷帮产生滑移破坏,使高帮侧部分锚杆支护失效,增加了巷帮灾害发生危险;巷帮注浆提高了破碎煤体的完整性和承载能力,帮锚索将浅部潜在破坏煤体与深部稳定煤体锚固在一起限制巷帮变形。现场试验及矿压监测表明:巷道煤帮总体变形仅为224mm,保证了巷道服役期内正常使用。该巷帮治理技术适用于动压影响下的松软煤巷巷帮加固。
The roadway ribs in soft coal seams are strongly deformed and destroyed by the dynamic pressure, and the traditional support cannot guarantee the normal use of the roadway during its service period. With the large roadway-rib deformation problem caused by the dynamic pressure disturbance of the ventilation roadway in working face 1213 of Yunjialing coal mine as an example, the strong deformation and failure characteristics of the roadway are analyzed, the sliding deformation mechanism of the roadway is studied, and the bolt-grouting reinforcement technology of the roadway is proposed.The results have shown that the main reasons for the large deformation of the roadway rib include the low strength of the coal mass, approximately vertical relationship of roadway axial and maximum horizontal principal stress, the strong dynamic pressure disturbance, the uncoupling of the support system and the coal mass strength, and side abutment pressure. The sliding failure in the roadway rib caused by mining disturbance results in the invalidity of bolt support at the high side of the roadway and increases the risk of roadway-rib disasters. The integrity of the broken coal body and the carrying capacity will be improved by grouting the roadway ribs, thus contributing to anchoring the shallow potential destructive coal body and the deep stable coal body together to limit deformation of the roadway ribs. Field tests and mine pressure monitoring have shown that the total deformation of roadway ribs is only 224 mm,which will ensure the normal use of the roadway during its service period. In conclusion, this technology is suitable for the reinforcement of soft coal roadway ribs under the influence of dynamic pressure.
The roadway ribs in soft coal seams are strongly deformed and destroyed by the dynamic pressure, and the traditional support cannot guarantee the normal use of the roadway during its service period. With the large roadway-rib deformation problem caused by the dynamic pressure disturbance of the ventilation roadway in working face 1213 of Yunjialing coal mine as an example, the strong deformation and failure characteristics of the roadway are analyzed, the sliding deformation mechanism of the roadway is studied, and the bolt-grouting reinforcement technology of the roadway is proposed.The results have shown that the main reasons for the large deformation of the roadway rib include the low strength of the coal mass, approximately vertical relationship of roadway axial and maximum horizontal principal stress, the strong dynamic pressure disturbance, the uncoupling of the support system and the coal mass strength, and side abutment pressure. The sliding failure in the roadway rib caused by mining disturbance results in the invalidity of bolt support at the high side of the roadway and increases the risk of roadway-rib disasters. The integrity of the broken coal body and the carrying capacity will be improved by grouting the roadway ribs, thus contributing to anchoring the shallow potential destructive coal body and the deep stable coal body together to limit deformation of the roadway ribs. Field tests and mine pressure monitoring have shown that the total deformation of roadway ribs is only 224 mm,which will ensure the normal use of the roadway during its service period. In conclusion, this technology is suitable for the reinforcement of soft coal roadway ribs under the influence of dynamic pressure.
引文
[1]冯友良.大断面煤巷开挖卸荷帮部破坏机制与控制技术研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2017.
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[7]马振乾,姜耀东,杨英明,等.急倾斜松软煤层巷道变形特征与控制技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(2):253-259.MA Zhenqian,JIANG Yaodong,YANG Yingming,et al.Deformation characteristics and control technology of roadways in soft steeply inclined coal seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(2):253-259.
[8]刘洪涛,王飞,张胜凯,等.巷帮-支护体本构模型及长螺纹扩帮锚杆研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1368-1375.LIU Hongtao,WANG Fei,ZHANG Shengkai,et al.Research on long-thread lengthened bolt and constitutive model of laneway’s side with support body[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1368-1375.
[9]单仁亮,孔祥松,蔚振廷,等.煤巷强帮支护理论与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(7):1304-1314.SHAN Renliang,KONG Xiangsong,WEI Zhenting,et al.Theory and application of strong support for coal roadway sidewall[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(7):1304-1314.
[10]黄庆享,赵萌烨,张强峰,等.含软弱夹层厚煤层巷帮外错滑移机制与支护研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(8):2353-2358.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHAO Mengye,ZHANG Qiangfeng,et al.Mechanisms of outward dislocation sliding of roadway sides and its support in a thick coal seam with a soft mudstone interlayer[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(8):2353-2358.
[11]刘德峰,郭兵兵,刘长武,等.考虑工程扰动和地质条件的巷帮极限平衡区分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(3):597-603.LIU Defeng,GUO Bingbing,LIU Changwu,et al.Analysis of limit equilibrium zone for roadway side wall considering engineering disturbance and geological condition[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(3):597-603.
[12]孙路路,程卫民,武猛猛,等.基于Mohr-Coulomb准则的含瓦斯煤层巷帮侧塑性区宽度的探讨[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(5):954-961.SUN Lulu,CHENG Weimin,WU Mengmeng,et al.Study on the width of plastic zone in coal rib with containing gas based on Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(5):954-961.
[13]SUN Lihui,WU Haoyuan,YANG Bensheng,et al.Support failure of a high-stress soft-rock roadway in deep coal mine and the equalized yielding support technology:a case study[J].Int J Coal Sci Technol,2015,2(4):279-286.
[14]王家臣,王兆会,孔德中.硬煤工作面煤壁破坏与防治机理[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2243-2250.WANG Jiachen,WANG Zhaohui,KONG Dezhong.Failure and prevention mechanism of coal wall in hard coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2243-2250.
[15]王家臣.极软厚煤层煤壁片帮与防治机理[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(8):785-788.WANG Jiachen.Mechanism of the rib spalling and the controlling in the very soft coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(8):785-788.
[16]张永兴.岩石力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:20.
[2]康红普,王金华.煤巷锚杆支护理论与成套技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007:305-307.
[3]刘少伟,张辉,张伟光,等.倾斜煤层回采巷道上帮煤体滑移危险分析与应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(1):14-17.LIU Shaowei,ZHANG Hui,ZHANG Weiguang,et al.Slipping hazard analysis and engineering application in up-right-side coal body of roadway for the incline coal seams[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2011,40(1):14-17.
[4]刘少伟,张辉,张伟光,等.沿顶掘进回采巷道上帮煤体失稳区域预测[J].煤炭学报,2010,39(9):1430-1434.LIU Shaowei,ZHANG Hui,ZHANG Weiguang,et al.Forecasting for instability zones in up-side coal body of mining roadway drived along the roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,39(9):1430-1434.
[5]朱德仁,王金华,康红普,等.巷道煤帮稳定性相似材料模拟试验研究[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(1):42-47.ZHU Deren,WANG Jinhua,KANG Hongpu,et al.Research on rib stability in roadway with simulation test of similar materials[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1998,23(1):42-47.
[6]王猛,肖同强,高洁,等.基于煤岩结构面剪切作用下半煤岩巷变形机制及控制研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(3):527-534.WANG Meng,XIAO Tongqiang,GAO Jie,et al.Deformation mechanism and control technology for semi coal and rock roadway with structural plane under shearing force[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(3):527-534.
[7]马振乾,姜耀东,杨英明,等.急倾斜松软煤层巷道变形特征与控制技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(2):253-259.MA Zhenqian,JIANG Yaodong,YANG Yingming,et al.Deformation characteristics and control technology of roadways in soft steeply inclined coal seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(2):253-259.
[8]刘洪涛,王飞,张胜凯,等.巷帮-支护体本构模型及长螺纹扩帮锚杆研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1368-1375.LIU Hongtao,WANG Fei,ZHANG Shengkai,et al.Research on long-thread lengthened bolt and constitutive model of laneway’s side with support body[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1368-1375.
[9]单仁亮,孔祥松,蔚振廷,等.煤巷强帮支护理论与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(7):1304-1314.SHAN Renliang,KONG Xiangsong,WEI Zhenting,et al.Theory and application of strong support for coal roadway sidewall[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(7):1304-1314.
[10]黄庆享,赵萌烨,张强峰,等.含软弱夹层厚煤层巷帮外错滑移机制与支护研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(8):2353-2358.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHAO Mengye,ZHANG Qiangfeng,et al.Mechanisms of outward dislocation sliding of roadway sides and its support in a thick coal seam with a soft mudstone interlayer[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(8):2353-2358.
[11]刘德峰,郭兵兵,刘长武,等.考虑工程扰动和地质条件的巷帮极限平衡区分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(3):597-603.LIU Defeng,GUO Bingbing,LIU Changwu,et al.Analysis of limit equilibrium zone for roadway side wall considering engineering disturbance and geological condition[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(3):597-603.
[12]孙路路,程卫民,武猛猛,等.基于Mohr-Coulomb准则的含瓦斯煤层巷帮侧塑性区宽度的探讨[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(5):954-961.SUN Lulu,CHENG Weimin,WU Mengmeng,et al.Study on the width of plastic zone in coal rib with containing gas based on Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(5):954-961.
[13]SUN Lihui,WU Haoyuan,YANG Bensheng,et al.Support failure of a high-stress soft-rock roadway in deep coal mine and the equalized yielding support technology:a case study[J].Int J Coal Sci Technol,2015,2(4):279-286.
[14]王家臣,王兆会,孔德中.硬煤工作面煤壁破坏与防治机理[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2243-2250.WANG Jiachen,WANG Zhaohui,KONG Dezhong.Failure and prevention mechanism of coal wall in hard coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2243-2250.
[15]王家臣.极软厚煤层煤壁片帮与防治机理[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(8):785-788.WANG Jiachen.Mechanism of the rib spalling and the controlling in the very soft coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(8):785-788.
[16]张永兴.岩石力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:20.
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