大倾角煤层长壁大采高采场煤壁片帮机制
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摘要
煤壁片帮是大采高采场普遍性开采技术难题,而大倾角条件下大采高采场煤壁片帮特征及其发生机理更为复杂,为弄清该类采场煤壁片帮机制,采用现场实测、数值计算及理论分析法,对大倾角煤层大采高采场煤壁片帮特征、影响因素、片帮机制进行研究。结果表明:大倾角大采高采场煤壁片帮具有交替演变,不同区域形式不同,片滑、回转外片等特征;采高、伪斜角、煤体力学特性与煤壁稳定性密切相关,采高、伪斜角一定范围内越大,煤体强度越低,煤壁片帮几率及程度随之增加,而25221工作面煤壁强度低、含夹矸、高度大,自稳性差,采高及伪斜角大且不断变化,导致顶压作用强度增加,加之重复性动态荷载扰动,复合因素叠加作用促使大倾角大采高采场煤壁发生片帮。
Coal wall caving is a common mining technical problem for large mining height stope, and the caving feature and its occurrence mechanism are more complicated under steeply dipping condition.Through field measurement, numerical calculation and theory analysis, the caving features, influencing factors and the caving mechanism have been studied. The results have shown that coal wall caving of large mining height stope in steeply dipping coal seams has distinctive features, such as alternating evolution, different regional forms and so on. It also reveals that mining height, pseudo angle, mechanical properties of coal are all closely related to coal wall stability—within a certain range: the bigger mining height and pseudo angle, the lower the coal strength becomes, and the more probability and extent of coal wall caving accordingly increase. Working face 25221, with low strength coal walls, gangue, a large height, poor self-stability, and variable mining height and pseudo-angle, increases the roof pressure strength, coupled with the repetitive dynamic load disturbance and other internal and external factors, promotes the coal wall caving of large mining height stope in steeply dipping coal seams.
Coal wall caving is a common mining technical problem for large mining height stope, and the caving feature and its occurrence mechanism are more complicated under steeply dipping condition.Through field measurement, numerical calculation and theory analysis, the caving features, influencing factors and the caving mechanism have been studied. The results have shown that coal wall caving of large mining height stope in steeply dipping coal seams has distinctive features, such as alternating evolution, different regional forms and so on. It also reveals that mining height, pseudo angle, mechanical properties of coal are all closely related to coal wall stability—within a certain range: the bigger mining height and pseudo angle, the lower the coal strength becomes, and the more probability and extent of coal wall caving accordingly increase. Working face 25221, with low strength coal walls, gangue, a large height, poor self-stability, and variable mining height and pseudo-angle, increases the roof pressure strength, coupled with the repetitive dynamic load disturbance and other internal and external factors, promotes the coal wall caving of large mining height stope in steeply dipping coal seams.
引文
[1]伍永平.大倾角煤层开采“R-S-F”系统动力学控制基础研究[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2003.
[2]伍永平.大倾角采场“顶板-支护-底板”系统动力学方程求解及其工作阻力的确定[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(6):736-741.WU Yongping.Keys to dynamic equations of system“R-S-F”and determination on working resistance of face support in steeply dipping seam mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(6):736-741.
[3]伍永平.“顶板-支护-底板”系统动态稳定性控制模式[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(4):341-346.WU Yongping.Controlling pattern for dynamic stability of system“Roof-Support-Floor”[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(4):341-346.
[4]孙立亚,鲁庆明.大倾角大采高机采面矿压显现规律[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2000,17(4):10-12.SUN Liya,LU Qingming.Strata-pressure behavior of large mining height face in steeply dipping coal seam[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2000,17(4):10-12.
[5]张建华,伍永平,樊永宁,等.大倾角“三软”富含水大采高工作面围岩运动规律[J].西安科技大学学报,2010,30(4):388-392.ZHANG Jianhua,WU Yongping,FAN Yongning,et al.Rock movement regularity of large mining height face in deep three-soft and rich-in-water coal seam[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2010,30(4):388-392.
[6]解盘石,伍永平,王红伟,等.大倾角煤层大采高综采围岩运移及支架相互作用规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(1):14-19.XIE Panshi,WU Yongping,WANG Hongwei,et al.Interaction characteristics between strata movement and support system around large mining height fully-mechanized face in steeply inclined seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(1):14-19.
[7]伍永平,郭峰.大倾角大采高工作面底板破坏滑移特征分析[J].煤炭技术,2014,33(9):160-162.WU Yongping,GUO Feng.Analysis on floor failure and slip characteristics of large inclined and height face[J].Coal Technology,2014,33(9):160-162.
[8]张明玉,刘成虎.大倾角大采高综采工作面液压支架稳定性技术研究[J].山东煤炭科技,2014(7):26-29.ZHANG Mingyu,LIU Chenghu.Technology research on the stability of hydraulic supports in fully mechanized coal face with large mining height and large dip angle[J].Shandong Coal Science and Technology,2014(7):26-29.
[9]曲秋杨,毛德兵.大倾角大采高综采工作面液压支架工作阻力分布特征研究[J].中国煤炭,2014,40(3):45-48.QU Qiuyang,MAO Debing.Research on working resistance distribution features of support in fully-mechanized mining face with large angle and height[J].China Coal,2014,40(3):45-48.
[10]曲秋杨,王东攀,李强,等.大倾角大采高工作面设备稳定与安全控制技术研究[J].煤炭工程,2015,47(5):61-64.QU Qiuyang,WANG Dongpan,LI Qiang,et al.Research on stability and safety control in large dip angle and high cutting working face[J].Coal Engineering,2015,47(5):61-64.
[11]孟超.大倾角大采高工作面煤壁失稳机理及控制[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.
[12]杨科,何祥,刘帅,等.近距离采空区下大倾角“三软”厚煤层综采片帮机理与控制[J].采矿安全与工程学报,2016,33(4):611-617.YANG Ke,HE Xiang,LIU Shuai,et al.Rib spalling mechanism and control with fully mechanized longwall mining in large inclination“three-soft”thick coal seam under closed distance mined gob[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(4):611-617.
[13]伍永平,张浩,解盘石,等.大倾角大采高工作面煤壁应力分布及变形特征研究[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(6):87-90.WU Yongping,ZHANG Hao,XIE Panshi,et al.Study on coal wall stress distribution and deformation features of high cutting face in steeply dipping seam[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(6):87-90.
[14]解盘石,伍永平.大倾角煤层长壁大采高开采煤壁片帮机理及防控技术[J].煤炭工程,2015,47(1):74-77.XIE Panshi,WU Yongping.Mechanism and control methods of rib spalling in steeply dipping thick seams in fully-mechanized longwall mining with large mining height[J].Coal Engineering,2015,47(1):74-77.
[15]伍永平,郎丁,解盘石.大倾角软煤综放工作面煤壁片帮机理及致灾机制[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1878-1884.WU Yongping,LANG Ding,XIE Panshi.Mechanism of disaster due to rib spalling at fully-mechanized top coal caving face in soft steeply dipping seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1878-1884.
[16]付永刚,李英明,徐先胜.松软厚煤层大采高仰采工作面煤壁片帮机理研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(8):15-18.FU Yonggang,LI Yingming,XU Xiansheng.Study on mechanism of rib spalling in large cutting height rise mining face in soft thick seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(8):15-18.
[17]李建国,田取珍,杨双锁.河滩沟煤矿综放面煤壁片帮机理及其控制[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(12):73-75.LI Jianguo,TIAN Quzhen,YANG Shuangsuo.Coal wall spalling mechanism and control in fully mechanized coal caving mining face in Hetangou mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2003,31(12):73-75.
[18]赵元放,张向阳,涂敏.大倾角煤层开采顶板垮落特征及矿压显现规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(2):231-234.ZHAO Yuanfang,ZHANG Xiangyang,TU Min.Roof caving characteristic and strata behavior in exploiting steep coal seams[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(2):231-234.
[2]伍永平.大倾角采场“顶板-支护-底板”系统动力学方程求解及其工作阻力的确定[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(6):736-741.WU Yongping.Keys to dynamic equations of system“R-S-F”and determination on working resistance of face support in steeply dipping seam mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(6):736-741.
[3]伍永平.“顶板-支护-底板”系统动态稳定性控制模式[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(4):341-346.WU Yongping.Controlling pattern for dynamic stability of system“Roof-Support-Floor”[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(4):341-346.
[4]孙立亚,鲁庆明.大倾角大采高机采面矿压显现规律[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2000,17(4):10-12.SUN Liya,LU Qingming.Strata-pressure behavior of large mining height face in steeply dipping coal seam[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2000,17(4):10-12.
[5]张建华,伍永平,樊永宁,等.大倾角“三软”富含水大采高工作面围岩运动规律[J].西安科技大学学报,2010,30(4):388-392.ZHANG Jianhua,WU Yongping,FAN Yongning,et al.Rock movement regularity of large mining height face in deep three-soft and rich-in-water coal seam[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2010,30(4):388-392.
[6]解盘石,伍永平,王红伟,等.大倾角煤层大采高综采围岩运移及支架相互作用规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(1):14-19.XIE Panshi,WU Yongping,WANG Hongwei,et al.Interaction characteristics between strata movement and support system around large mining height fully-mechanized face in steeply inclined seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(1):14-19.
[7]伍永平,郭峰.大倾角大采高工作面底板破坏滑移特征分析[J].煤炭技术,2014,33(9):160-162.WU Yongping,GUO Feng.Analysis on floor failure and slip characteristics of large inclined and height face[J].Coal Technology,2014,33(9):160-162.
[8]张明玉,刘成虎.大倾角大采高综采工作面液压支架稳定性技术研究[J].山东煤炭科技,2014(7):26-29.ZHANG Mingyu,LIU Chenghu.Technology research on the stability of hydraulic supports in fully mechanized coal face with large mining height and large dip angle[J].Shandong Coal Science and Technology,2014(7):26-29.
[9]曲秋杨,毛德兵.大倾角大采高综采工作面液压支架工作阻力分布特征研究[J].中国煤炭,2014,40(3):45-48.QU Qiuyang,MAO Debing.Research on working resistance distribution features of support in fully-mechanized mining face with large angle and height[J].China Coal,2014,40(3):45-48.
[10]曲秋杨,王东攀,李强,等.大倾角大采高工作面设备稳定与安全控制技术研究[J].煤炭工程,2015,47(5):61-64.QU Qiuyang,WANG Dongpan,LI Qiang,et al.Research on stability and safety control in large dip angle and high cutting working face[J].Coal Engineering,2015,47(5):61-64.
[11]孟超.大倾角大采高工作面煤壁失稳机理及控制[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.
[12]杨科,何祥,刘帅,等.近距离采空区下大倾角“三软”厚煤层综采片帮机理与控制[J].采矿安全与工程学报,2016,33(4):611-617.YANG Ke,HE Xiang,LIU Shuai,et al.Rib spalling mechanism and control with fully mechanized longwall mining in large inclination“three-soft”thick coal seam under closed distance mined gob[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(4):611-617.
[13]伍永平,张浩,解盘石,等.大倾角大采高工作面煤壁应力分布及变形特征研究[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(6):87-90.WU Yongping,ZHANG Hao,XIE Panshi,et al.Study on coal wall stress distribution and deformation features of high cutting face in steeply dipping seam[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(6):87-90.
[14]解盘石,伍永平.大倾角煤层长壁大采高开采煤壁片帮机理及防控技术[J].煤炭工程,2015,47(1):74-77.XIE Panshi,WU Yongping.Mechanism and control methods of rib spalling in steeply dipping thick seams in fully-mechanized longwall mining with large mining height[J].Coal Engineering,2015,47(1):74-77.
[15]伍永平,郎丁,解盘石.大倾角软煤综放工作面煤壁片帮机理及致灾机制[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1878-1884.WU Yongping,LANG Ding,XIE Panshi.Mechanism of disaster due to rib spalling at fully-mechanized top coal caving face in soft steeply dipping seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1878-1884.
[16]付永刚,李英明,徐先胜.松软厚煤层大采高仰采工作面煤壁片帮机理研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(8):15-18.FU Yonggang,LI Yingming,XU Xiansheng.Study on mechanism of rib spalling in large cutting height rise mining face in soft thick seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(8):15-18.
[17]李建国,田取珍,杨双锁.河滩沟煤矿综放面煤壁片帮机理及其控制[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(12):73-75.LI Jianguo,TIAN Quzhen,YANG Shuangsuo.Coal wall spalling mechanism and control in fully mechanized coal caving mining face in Hetangou mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2003,31(12):73-75.
[18]赵元放,张向阳,涂敏.大倾角煤层开采顶板垮落特征及矿压显现规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(2):231-234.ZHAO Yuanfang,ZHANG Xiangyang,TU Min.Roof caving characteristic and strata behavior in exploiting steep coal seams[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(2):231-234.
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