Occurrence of Different Forms and Implications of Compound Specific Sterols in Continental Sediments of the Northeast South China Sea
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摘要
The South China Sea(SCS) is one of the most productive and accumulative marginal shelves of organic carbon in the world. To expound the transformation and preservation of organic carbon in the Northeast SCS, where abundant oil and gas resources have been reported, compound specific sterols in free(FR), base hydrolytic(BH), and acid hydrolytic(AH) forms were analyzed in surface and columnar sediments in May, 2016. The results showed that the total contents of sterols detected ranged from 0.15 to 3.74 ppm dry weight in the surface sediments, and gradually decreased from 3.41 to0.17 ppm dry weight from surface to deep sediments, in which cholesterol(27~(△5)) was the most abundant component. Sterols mainly existed in the BH form(54.51%-74.20%), followed by the FR form(25.50%-45.49%) and then the AH form(0-3.77%) in turn, in the surface sediments. BH and FR sterols accounted for 0-49.08% and 50.92%-100% in the columnar sediments, while AH sterols were undetectable. The contents of specific sterols indicated that, the primary source of marine organic carbon was about 5 times as much as that from terrestrial input. More and more FR sterols transformed into BH sterols with increasing sedimentary depth, and BH sterols absolutely dominated in sediment depths under 25 cm. The forms of Sterols C27 were maintained at a relative consistence state, but Sterols C28 to C30 degraded gradually during the sedimentation process. It was suggested that the stability of sterols, based on the chemical structures, might be the primary factor controlling their degradation and preservation in deeper sediments. These results would help to understand the organic carbon(OC) transformation in a hydrate formation area in a marginal sea.
The South China Sea(SCS) is one of the most productive and accumulative marginal shelves of organic carbon in the world. To expound the transformation and preservation of organic carbon in the Northeast SCS, where abundant oil and gas resources have been reported, compound specific sterols in free(FR), base hydrolytic(BH), and acid hydrolytic(AH) forms were analyzed in surface and columnar sediments in May, 2016. The results showed that the total contents of sterols detected ranged from 0.15 to 3.74 ppm dry weight in the surface sediments, and gradually decreased from 3.41 to0.17 ppm dry weight from surface to deep sediments, in which cholesterol(27~(△5)) was the most abundant component. Sterols mainly existed in the BH form(54.51%-74.20%), followed by the FR form(25.50%-45.49%) and then the AH form(0-3.77%) in turn, in the surface sediments. BH and FR sterols accounted for 0-49.08% and 50.92%-100% in the columnar sediments, while AH sterols were undetectable. The contents of specific sterols indicated that, the primary source of marine organic carbon was about 5 times as much as that from terrestrial input. More and more FR sterols transformed into BH sterols with increasing sedimentary depth, and BH sterols absolutely dominated in sediment depths under 25 cm. The forms of Sterols C27 were maintained at a relative consistence state, but Sterols C28 to C30 degraded gradually during the sedimentation process. It was suggested that the stability of sterols, based on the chemical structures, might be the primary factor controlling their degradation and preservation in deeper sediments. These results would help to understand the organic carbon(OC) transformation in a hydrate formation area in a marginal sea.
The South China Sea(SCS) is one of the most productive and accumulative marginal shelves of organic carbon in the world. To expound the transformation and preservation of organic carbon in the Northeast SCS, where abundant oil and gas resources have been reported, compound specific sterols in free(FR), base hydrolytic(BH), and acid hydrolytic(AH) forms were analyzed in surface and columnar sediments in May, 2016. The results showed that the total contents of sterols detected ranged from 0.15 to 3.74 ppm dry weight in the surface sediments, and gradually decreased from 3.41 to0.17 ppm dry weight from surface to deep sediments, in which cholesterol(27~(△5)) was the most abundant component. Sterols mainly existed in the BH form(54.51%-74.20%), followed by the FR form(25.50%-45.49%) and then the AH form(0-3.77%) in turn, in the surface sediments. BH and FR sterols accounted for 0-49.08% and 50.92%-100% in the columnar sediments, while AH sterols were undetectable. The contents of specific sterols indicated that, the primary source of marine organic carbon was about 5 times as much as that from terrestrial input. More and more FR sterols transformed into BH sterols with increasing sedimentary depth, and BH sterols absolutely dominated in sediment depths under 25 cm. The forms of Sterols C27 were maintained at a relative consistence state, but Sterols C28 to C30 degraded gradually during the sedimentation process. It was suggested that the stability of sterols, based on the chemical structures, might be the primary factor controlling their degradation and preservation in deeper sediments. These results would help to understand the organic carbon(OC) transformation in a hydrate formation area in a marginal sea.
引文
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Ding,H.,and Sun,M.Y.,2005.Biochemical degradation of algal fatty acids in oxic and anoxic sediment-seawater interface systems:Effects of structural association and relative roles of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.Marine Chemistry,93(1):1-19.
Ding Ling and Zhao Meixun,2010.Application of biomarkers and carbon isotopes to cold seep biogeochemical processes.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,30(2):133-142(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ding Ling,Zhao Meixun,Yu Meng,Li Li and Huang Chiyue,2017.Biomarker assessments of sources and environmental implications of organic matter in sediments from potential cold seep areas of the northeastern South China Sea.Acta Oceanologica Sinica(English Edition),36(10):8-19.
Duan Yi,Cui Mingzhong and Ma Lanhua,1998.Geochemistry of sterols in marine sediments from the middle continental slope of Nansha Sea.Geochimica,27(1):74-80(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Wenke and Bao Caiwang,1982.Topographic and geomorphological characteristics of South China Sea.Marine Geological Research,2(4):80-93(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gagosian,R.B.,and Heinzer,F.,1979.Stenols and stanols in the oxic and anoxic waters of the Black Sea.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,43(4):471-486.
Gao Hanling,Zou Li,Wang Kai and Ye Xiwen,2017.Compositional distribution and transformation of terrestrial lipid organic matter in the sediments of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea.Acta Oceanological Sinica,39(2):53-61(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gaskell,S.J.,and Eglinton,G.,1975.Rapid hydrogenation of sterols in a contemporary lacustrine sediment.Nature,254(5497):209-211.
Guo Wei,2016.Source and biogeochemical properties of organic carbon in water column and sediments of Pearl River Estuary.Guangzhou:Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Ph.D thesis):1-145.
Han,A.Q.,Dai,M.H.,Kao,S.J.,Gao,J.P.,Li,Q.,Wang L.F.,Zhai W.,and Wang L.,2012.Nutrient dynamics and biological consumption in a large continental shelf system under the influence of both a river plume and coastal upwelling.Limnology and Oceanography,57(2):486-502.
He Jiaxiong,Chen Shenghong,Ma Wenhong and Gong Xiaofeng,2012.The evolution,migration and accumulation regularity of oil and gas in Zhujiangkou basin,northeastern South China Sea.Geology in China,39(1):106-118(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Hu,W.,Hao,T.,Jiang,W.,Xu,Y.,Zhao,B.,and Jiang,D.,2015.An integrated geophysical study on the Mesozoic strata distribution and hydrocarbon potential in the South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,111(8):31-43.
Hu,J.F.,Peng,P.A.,and Chivas,A.R.,2009.Molecular biomarker evidence of origins and transport of organic matter in sediments of the Pearl River estuary and adjacent South China Sea.Applied Geochemistry,24(9):1666-1676.
Huang,B.Q.,Hu,J.,Xu,H.Z.,Cao,Z.R.,and Wang,D.X.,2010.Phytoplankton community at warm eddies in the northern South China Sea in winter 2003/2004.Deep Sea Research Part II,57(19-20):1792-1798.
Jeng,W.L.,and Han,B.C.,2015.Coprostanol in a sediment core from the anoxic Tan-Shui Estuary,Taiwan.Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,42(42):727-735.
Jeng,W.L.,and Huh,C.A.,2004.Lipids in suspended matter and sediments from the East China Sea Shelf.Organic Geochemistry,35(5):647-660.
Kvenvolden,K.A.,1985.Comparison of marine gas hydrates in sediments of an active and passive continental margin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2(1):65-71.
Lei Huayan,Yang Yufeng,Kandasamy,S.,and Shi Chunxiao,2018.Carbon geochemistry of gas hydrate-associated sediments in the Southwestern Taiwan basin.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),92(1):333-341.
Li Feng,Xu Gang,He Xingliang,Chen Lilei and Wang Jiangtao,2016.Composition distribution and source of n-alkanes in surface sediments from the coast of East China Sea.Marine Environmental Science,35(3):398-403(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Li,Liu Jie,He Juan and Wang Hui,2014.Factors affecting the abundance and community structure of the phytoplankton in northern South China Sea in the summer of 2008:Abiomarker study.Chinese Science Bulletin,59:981-991.
Li Yuhong,Zhao Meixun,Zhang Hailong,Xing Lei,Yang Hongmei,Dai Minhan and Wang Lei,2012.Phytoplankton biomarkers in surface seawater from the northern South China Sea in summer 2009 and their potential as indicators of biomass/community structure.Journal of Tropical Oceanography.31(4):96-103(in Chinese with English abstract).
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