准噶尔盆地南缘下组合油气成藏过程——以齐古油田为例
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摘要
准噶尔盆地南缘的二叠系—侏罗系含油气系统为该盆地的重要勘探领域,潜力大,但对其油气成藏过程的认识仍存在分歧。通过分析原油性质,并应用流体包裹体观察、测温和盆地模拟以及储层颗粒荧光等多种技术方法,解析南缘山前齐古油田的油气充注过程。结果表明南缘齐古油田原油密度大且含蜡量高,气洗特征显著;不同层位储层中烃类族组分分异的现象明显。早期低成熟度的油气在～100Ma充注于下侏罗统储层,在～45Ma充注于中侏罗统储层,形成自生自储的古油藏。晚新生代(～7Ma)是齐古油田的主要成藏期,在断裂的作用下,古油藏被调整,深部高成熟度的原油和天然气沿断裂运移,二叠系—侏罗系储层发生气洗作用,导致不同层位储层内的油气分布复杂。由于齐古背斜下白垩统区域盖层缺失和断裂沟通地表,导致浅部中侏罗统西山窑组储层油气严重散失,油气藏被破坏;而在中下侏罗统局部盖层的保护下,二叠系—下侏罗统油气藏得以保存。
The Permian-Jurassic petroleum system in the southern Junggar Basin is important and potential.However,divergence still exists in the hydrocarbon accumulation history in this area.Integrated methods,such as organic geochemistry,granular fluorescence technology,fluid inclusion analysis and basin modeling,were used to discuss the hydrocarbon charging history of the lower petroleum system in the Qigu Oil Field.The results show that the crude oil has the characteristics of gas washing like the heavy density and much wax.Hydrocarbon displays differential fluorescent properties in different formations and in the two sides of faults.The low-maturity oil charged the Lower Jurassic reservoirs at～100 Ma before it charged the Middle Jurassic reservoirs at ～45 Ma.The high-maturity oil charged the Lower Jurassic-Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation reservoirs at～7 Ma.During the tectonic activities in the Late Cenozoic,the paleo oil reservoirs were adjusted and the gas washed the Permian-Jurassic reservoirs.Multiple stages of hydrocarbon charging resulted in the complex distributions of oil and gas.Gas and most oil escaped from shallow Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation reservoirs because of the absent Lower Cretaceous regional seal rocks and faults up to the ground.Fortunately,the Permian-Lower Jurassic petroleum reservoirs remained under the protection of the Lower-Middle Jurassic sealing beds.
The Permian-Jurassic petroleum system in the southern Junggar Basin is important and potential.However,divergence still exists in the hydrocarbon accumulation history in this area.Integrated methods,such as organic geochemistry,granular fluorescence technology,fluid inclusion analysis and basin modeling,were used to discuss the hydrocarbon charging history of the lower petroleum system in the Qigu Oil Field.The results show that the crude oil has the characteristics of gas washing like the heavy density and much wax.Hydrocarbon displays differential fluorescent properties in different formations and in the two sides of faults.The low-maturity oil charged the Lower Jurassic reservoirs at～100 Ma before it charged the Middle Jurassic reservoirs at ～45 Ma.The high-maturity oil charged the Lower Jurassic-Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation reservoirs at～7 Ma.During the tectonic activities in the Late Cenozoic,the paleo oil reservoirs were adjusted and the gas washed the Permian-Jurassic reservoirs.Multiple stages of hydrocarbon charging resulted in the complex distributions of oil and gas.Gas and most oil escaped from shallow Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation reservoirs because of the absent Lower Cretaceous regional seal rocks and faults up to the ground.Fortunately,the Permian-Lower Jurassic petroleum reservoirs remained under the protection of the Lower-Middle Jurassic sealing beds.
引文
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[4]Li Benliang,Chen Zhuxin,Lei Yongliang,et al.Structural geology correlation of foreland thrust-folded belts between the southern and northern edges of the Tianshan Mountain and some suggestions for hydrocarbon exploration[J].Acta Petroleum Sinica,2011,32(3):395-403.李本亮,陈竹新,雷永良,等.天山南缘与北缘前陆冲断带构造地质特征对比及油气勘探建议[J].石油学报,2011,32(3):395-403.
[5]Zhang Yijie,Xiang Shuzheng,Wang Xulong,et al.Characteristics of petroleum system and pattern of oil and gas formation reservoir assemblage in Junggar Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2002,7(4):25-35.张义杰,向书政,王绪龙,等.准噶尔盆地含油气系统特点与油气成藏组合模式[J].中国石油勘探,2002,7(4):25-35.
[6]Wu Xiaozhi,Wang Lihong,Xu Chunli.The ancient-structure characteristics of the Qigu-Xiaoquanzi areas and the oil and gas exploration prospect in the southern Junggar Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1994,21(1):1-7.吴晓智,王立宏,徐春丽.准噶尔盆地南缘齐古─小渠子地区构造特征及油气勘探前景[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,21(1):1-7.
[7]Wei Dongtao,Zhao Yingcheng,Abulimiti,et al.Difference of hydrocarbon accumulation in the foreland thrust-fold belt of the southern Junggar Basin[J].Geological Journal of China U-niversity,2010,16(3):339-350.魏东涛,赵应成,阿不力米提,等.准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带油气成藏差异性分析[J].高校地质学报,2010,16(3):339-350.
[8]Wang Yutao,Gu Bin,Wang Lihong.Pool-forming history of oil and gas in south margin of Junggar Basin[J].Oil and Gas Geology,1998,19(4):290-295.王屿涛,谷斌,王立宏.准噶尔盆地南缘油气成藏聚集史[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,19(4):290-295.
[9]Dumitru T A,Zhou D,Chang E Z,et al.Uplift,exhumation,and deformation in the Chinese Tian Shan[M]∥Hendrix MS,Davis G A(Eds.).Paleozoic and Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of Central Asia:From Continental Assembly to Intracontinental Deformation Geological Society of American Memoir,2001,194:71-99.
[10]Chen K,Gumiaux C,Augier R,et al.The Mesozoic palaeorelief of the northern Tian Shan(China)[J].Terra Nova,2011,23(3):195-205.
[11]Hendrix M S,Graham S A,Carroll A R,et al.Sedimentary record and climatic implications of recurrent deformation in the Tian Shan:Evidence from Mesozoic strata of the north Tarim,south Junggar,and Turpan Basins,northwest China[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1992,104(1):53-79.
[12]Jolivet M,Dominguez S,Charreau J,et al.Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic history of the Central Chinese Tianshan:Reactivated tectonic structures and active deformation[J].Tectonics,2010,29(6):TC6019.http:∥dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010TC002712.
[13]Lu H F,Howell D G,Jia D.Rejuvenation of the Kuqa foreland basin,northernank of the Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J].International Geology Review,1994,36:1151-1158.
[14]Tapponnier P,Molnar P.Active faulting and tectonics in China[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1977,82(20):2905-2929.
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[16]Avouac J P,Tapponnier P,Bai M H,et al.Active thrusting and folding along the northern Tien Shan and late Cenozoic rotation of the Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,98(B4):6755-6804.
[17]Lu H H,Douglas W B,Li Y L,et al.Late Cenozoic structural and stratigraphic evolution of the northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland[J].Basin Research,2010,22(3):249-269.
[18]Li C,Guo Z,Guillaume D N.Late Cenozoic tectonic deformation across the northern foreland of the Chinese Tian Shan[J].Journal of Asian Earth Science,2011,42(5):1066-1073.
[19]Guan S,Srockmeyer J M,Shaw J H,et al.Structural inversion,imbricate wedging,and out-of-sequence thrusting in the southern Junggar fold-and-thrust belt,northern Tian Shan,China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2016,100(9):1443-1468.
[20]Guo Zhaojie,Wu Chaodong,Zhang Zhicheng,et al.Tectonic control on hydrocarbon accumulation and prospect for large oil-gas field exploration in the southern Junggar Basin[J].Geological Journal of China University,2011,17(2):185-195.郭召杰,吴朝东,张志诚,等.准噶尔盆地南缘构造控藏作用及大型油气藏勘探方向浅析[J].高校地质学报,2011,17(2):185-195.
[21]Chen J P,Liang D G,Wang X L,et al.Mixed oils derived from multiple source rocks in the Cainan Oilfield,Junggar Basin,Northwest China,partⅠ:Genetic potential of source rocks,features of biomarkers and oil sources of typical crude oils[J].Organic Geochemistry,2003,34(7):889-909.
[22]Chen J P,Deng C P,Liang D G,et al.Mixed oils derived from multiple source rocks in the Cainan Oilfield,Junggar Basin,northwest China,PartⅡ:Artificial mixing experiments on typical crude oils and quantitative oil correlation[J].Organic Geochemistry,2003,34(7):911-930.
[23]Dai J,Gong D,Ni Y,et al.Stable carbon isotopes of coal-derived gases sourced from the Mesozoic coal measures in China[J].Organic Geochemistry,2014,74:123-142.
[24]Bai Zhenhua,Jiang Zhenxue,Song Yan,et al.The reservoir characteristics and its main controlling factor discussion in Ziniquanzi Formation of Huomatu tectonic zone,southern Junggar Fold-thrust Belt[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(2):273-281.白振华,姜振学,宋岩,等.准噶尔盆地南部霍玛吐构造带古近系紫泥泉子组储层发育特征与控制因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(2):273-281.
[25]Gui Lili,Liu Keyu,Liu Shaobo,et al.Hydrocarbon charge history of Yingdong Oilfield,western Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2015,40(5):890-899.桂丽黎,刘可禹,柳少波,等.柴达木盆地西部英东地区油气成藏过程[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2015,40(5):890-899.
[26]Guo X,Liu K,Jia C,et al.Effects of early petroleum charge and overpressure on reservoir porosity preservation in the giant Kela-2gas field,Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2016,100(2):191-212.
[27]Liu K,Eadington P,Coghlan D.Fluorescence evidence of polar hydrocarbon interaction on mineral surfaces and implications to alteration of reservoir wettability[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2003,39(3/4):275-285.
[28]Liu K,Eadington P.Quantitative fluorescence techniques for detecting residual oils and reconstructing hydrocarbon charge history[J].Organic Geochemistry,2005,36(7):1023-1036.
[29]Liu K,Eadington P,Middleton H,et al.Applying quantitative fluorescence techniques to investigate petroleum charge history of sedimentary basins in Australia and Papuan New Guinea[J].Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2007,57(supplement 1-2):139-151.
[30]Liu K,George S C,Xuesong L U,et al.Innovative fluorescence spectroscopic techniques for rapidly characterising oil inclusions[J].Organic Geochemistry,2014,72:34-45.
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