杭锦旗地区下石盒子组致密砂岩储层成岩作用对孔隙发育的影响
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摘要
杭锦旗地区是鄂尔多斯盆地致密气勘探的重点研究区域,其下石盒子组以岩屑砂岩为主,属于典型的特低孔-特低渗透储层。根据岩石铸体薄片观察、阴极发光、扫描电镜、毛管压力测试和黏土矿物X射线衍射等分析结果,结合孔渗数据,研究鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗地区下石盒子组致密砂岩储层的主要成岩作用类型及其特征,建立成岩演化序列并分析其对孔隙发育的影响,进而构建孔隙度演化定量模型。结果表明:研究区下石盒子组发育以次生孔隙-微裂缝为主要储集空间的致密砂岩储层,其成岩作用类型多样,主要有压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶蚀作用;其中,压实作用是造成原生孔隙大量损失的主要因素,导致储层孔隙度减少约20.25%;胶结作用破坏储层物性,早期和晚期胶结作用导致储层孔隙度分别减少约5.58%和6.06%;溶蚀作用形成次生孔隙,使储层孔隙度增加约5.20%。
Hangjinqi area of Ordos Basin is a key research area for tight gas exploration,and the Lower Shihezi Formationis mainly lithic sandstone which is a typical low-porosity and extra-low-permeability reservoir. According to the analysisresults of cast thin section observation,cathodoluminescence,SEM,capillary pressure test,X-diffraction of clay mineralsand porosity and permeability,the main types of diagenesis and its characteristics of the tight sandstone reservoir in theLower Shihezi Formation in Hangjinqi area of Ordos Basin were studied. And the evolution sequence of diagenesis was es-tablished and its effects on pore development were analyzed. A quantitative model for porosity evolution was constructed.The results show that the tight sandstone reservoir with secondary pores and microfracture is the main storage space in theLower Shihezi Formation of the study area. There are various types of diagenesis in the Lower Shihezi Formation,whichmainly include compaction,cementation,metasomatic alteration and dissolution. The compaction is the main factor causinggreat loss of primary pores,and the decrease of porosity is about 20.25%;the cementation destroys the physical propertiesof the reservoir. The early and the late cementation result in a decrease in porosity of about 5.58% and 6.06%,respectively.The secondary pores formed by dissolution leads to an increase in porosity of about 5.20%.
Hangjinqi area of Ordos Basin is a key research area for tight gas exploration,and the Lower Shihezi Formationis mainly lithic sandstone which is a typical low-porosity and extra-low-permeability reservoir. According to the analysisresults of cast thin section observation,cathodoluminescence,SEM,capillary pressure test,X-diffraction of clay mineralsand porosity and permeability,the main types of diagenesis and its characteristics of the tight sandstone reservoir in theLower Shihezi Formation in Hangjinqi area of Ordos Basin were studied. And the evolution sequence of diagenesis was es-tablished and its effects on pore development were analyzed. A quantitative model for porosity evolution was constructed.The results show that the tight sandstone reservoir with secondary pores and microfracture is the main storage space in theLower Shihezi Formation of the study area. There are various types of diagenesis in the Lower Shihezi Formation,whichmainly include compaction,cementation,metasomatic alteration and dissolution. The compaction is the main factor causinggreat loss of primary pores,and the decrease of porosity is about 20.25%;the cementation destroys the physical propertiesof the reservoir. The early and the late cementation result in a decrease in porosity of about 5.58% and 6.06%,respectively.The secondary pores formed by dissolution leads to an increase in porosity of about 5.20%.
引文
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[2]HOLDITCH Stephen A.Tight gas sands[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,2006,58(6):84-90.
[3]梁承春,郭景祥.鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田延长组长81小层致密砂岩成岩作用与储层特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(1):57-63.LIANG Chengchun,GUO Jingxiang.Diagenesis and reservoir characteristics of tight sandstones of Chang81member of Yanchang Formation in Honghe oilfield,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(1):57-63.
[4]刘冬冬,张晨,罗群,等.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密储层裂缝发育特征及控制因素[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(4):36-47.LIU Dongdong,ZHANG Chen,LUO Qun,et al.Development characteristics and controlling factors of natural fractures in Permian Lucaogou Formation tight reservoir in Jimsar sag,Junggar Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(4):36-47.
[5]朱如凯,邹才能,张鼐,等.致密砂岩气藏储层成岩流体演化与致密成因机理--以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2009,39(3):327-339.ZHU Rukai,ZOU Caineng,ZHANG Nai,et al.The diagenetic fluid evolution and tight genetic mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs-Taking the upper Permian Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan basin as an example[J].Science in China:Series D Earth Science,2009,39(3):327-339.
[6]杨华,钟大康,姚泾利,等.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组砂岩储层孔隙成因类型及其控制因素[J].地学前缘,2013,20(2):69-76.YANG Hua,ZHONG Dakang,YAO Jingli,et al.Pore genetic type and their controlling factors in sandstone reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Longdong area,Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(2):69-76.
[7]张哨楠,胡江柰,沙文武,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部镇泾地区延长组的沉积特征[J].矿物岩石,2000,20(4):25-30.ZHANG Shaonan,HU Jiangnai,SHA Wenwu,et al.The sedimentary characteristics of Yanchang Formation in Zhenyuan and Jingchuan districts,southern part of Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2000,20(4):25-30.
[8]雷涛,杨艺.杭锦旗地区储层物性特征及影响因素研究[J].石油化工应用,2013,32(8):64-67.LEI Tao,YANG Yi.Research on reservoir characteristics and influencing factors in Hangjinqi[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2013,32(8):64-67.
[9]徐康,刘光祥,胡文瑄,等.川西地区须四段砂岩储层特征及主控因素分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(2):42-49.XU Kang,LIU Guangxiang,HU Wenxuan,et al.Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of the 4thmember of the Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(2):42-49.
[10]张晶晶.断陷湖盆致密砂砾岩储层特征及主控因素[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(6):52-57.ZHANG Jingjing.Characteristics and their controlling factors for the tight conglomerate reservoir in the fault depression lake basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(6):52-57.
[11]牟炜卫,李树同,闫灿灿.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬西部地区长6致密油储层砂体成因模式[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(2):6-11.MOU Weiwei,LI Shutong,YAN Cancan.Genesis model of sandbodies in Chang6 tight oil reservoirs in the western area of Jiyuan,the Ordos Basin[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoir,2017,24(2):6-11.
[12]张浩,陈刚,朱玉双,等.致密油储层微观孔隙结构定量表征:以鄂尔多斯盆地新安边油田长7储层为例[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(1):112-119.ZHANG Hao,CHEN Gang,ZHU Yushuang,et al.Quantitative characterization of microscopic pore throat structure in tight sandstone oil reservoirs:A case study of Chang7 reservoir in Xin’anbian oil field,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(1):112-119.
[13]邱隆伟,周涌沂,高青松,等.大牛地气田石炭系-二叠系致密砂岩储层孔隙结构特征及其影响因素[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(6):15-18,22.QIU Longwei,ZHOU Yongyi,GAO Qingsong,et al.Study of porosity structure and its influences on Carboniferous and Permian tight sand reservoir rock in Danniudi gasfield,Ordos basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2013,20(6):15-18,22.
[14]刘长利,刘欣,张莉娜,等.碎屑岩成岩作用及其对储层的影响:以鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾地区为例[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(3):348-354.LIU Changli,LIU Xin,ZHANG Lina,et al.Clastic rock diagenesis and its influence on reservoirs:A case study of Zhenjing area in the Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(3):348-354.
[15]钟大康,周立建,孙海涛,等.储层岩石学特征对成岩作用及孔隙发育的影响--以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系延长组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(6):890-899.ZHONG Dakang,ZHOU Lijian,SUN Haitao,et al.Influences of petrologic features on diagenesis and pore development:an example from the Triassic Yanchang Formation in Longdong area,Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(6):890-899.
[16]HADDAD S C,WORDEN R H,PRIOR D J,et al.Quartz cement in the Fontainebleau sandstone,Paris Basin,France:crystallography and implications for mechanisms of cement growth[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2006,76(2):244-256.
[17]BLOCH S,LANDER R H,BONNELL L.Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs:Origin and predictability[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(2):301-328.
[18]王凤娇,刘义坤,于苏浩.苏里格气田东区致密砂岩储层特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(6):43-47.WANG Fengjiao,LIU Yikun,YU Suhao.Reservoir characteristics of tight sandstone in the eastern Sulige Gas Field[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(6):43-47.
[19]周磊,操应长,葸克来,等.廊固凹陷河西务构造带沙四段低渗储层特征及其成因机制[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(3):8-16.ZHOU Lei,CAO Yingchang,XI Kelai,et al.Characteristics and genetic mechanism of low-permeability reservoir of the 4th member of Shahejie formation in Hexiwu structural zone of Langgu sag[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2013,37(3):8-16.
[20]周林,陈波,凡睿,等.川北地区须四段致密砂岩储层特征及成岩演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(3):543-550,560.ZHOU Lin,CHEN Bo,FAN Rui,et al.Characteristics and diagenesis of tight sandstone reservoirs in the 4thmember of Xujiahe Formation,northern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(3):543-550,560.
[21]BEARD D C,WEYL P K.Influence of texture on porosity and permeability of unconsolidated sand[J].AAPG Bulletin,1973,57(2):349-369.
[22]任大忠,孙卫,屈雪峰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长6储层成岩作用特征及孔隙度致密演化[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,47(8):2 706-2 714.REN Dazhong,SUN Wei,QU Xuefeng,et al.Characteristic of diagenesis and pore dense evolution of Chang6 reservoir of Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2016,47(8):2 706-2 714.
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