双向无线电能传输系统效率优化控制策略研究
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摘要
电动汽车双向无线电能传输系统以其便利性和互动性,可适用于未来车联网。相比单向系统,双向系统控制自由度多,不同自由度的选取和组合会影响系统中变换器和传输线圈损耗的分布及其大小,进而影响系统的整体效率。因此,如何通过多个控制自由度间的协调组合提升系统整体效率,是双向系统控制的关键性问题。该文首先分析了多个控制自由度间组合关系对变换器运行状态和线圈间传输效率的影响,推导了实现变换器优化运行和线圈间传输效率提升的约束条件。在此基础上,针对上述优化运行条件,对系统各部分损耗及整体效率进行了估算,并提出一种实现双向无线电能传输系统效率优化的多自由度组合控制策略。搭建了相应的仿真和实验平台,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和所提方法的有效性。与传统控制策略的对比结果表明,所提方法能进一步优化系统运行状态,提升整体效率。
Due to the advantages of convenience and interactivity, bidirectional wireless power transfer(BWPT) systems are available for the vehicle-to-grid(V2 G) application in the future. Compared to the traditional unidirectional wireless power transfer system, there are more controllable variables for the BWPT system, and different combinations of those variables will influence the distribution of the losses in the system. Therefore, the optimal combination of those controllable variables is necessary for optimal operation of the system and the improvement of the overall efficiency. This paper investigates the influence of the controllable variables on the operating states of the BWPT system. Firstly, the influence of the variables on the operating states of the converters and the transfer efficiency between the coils was studied in details, and the constraints of the variables for the optimal operation of the system were obtained. Then,the losses and the overall efficiency were estimated and a control scheme to improve the efficiency was proposed. Finally, simulation and experiments were made to verify the validity of the proposed scheme.Compared with the traditional control scheme, the proposed scheme is helpful for the optimal operation of the BWPT system, and it can obviously improve the system's overall efficiency.
Due to the advantages of convenience and interactivity, bidirectional wireless power transfer(BWPT) systems are available for the vehicle-to-grid(V2 G) application in the future. Compared to the traditional unidirectional wireless power transfer system, there are more controllable variables for the BWPT system, and different combinations of those variables will influence the distribution of the losses in the system. Therefore, the optimal combination of those controllable variables is necessary for optimal operation of the system and the improvement of the overall efficiency. This paper investigates the influence of the controllable variables on the operating states of the BWPT system. Firstly, the influence of the variables on the operating states of the converters and the transfer efficiency between the coils was studied in details, and the constraints of the variables for the optimal operation of the system were obtained. Then,the losses and the overall efficiency were estimated and a control scheme to improve the efficiency was proposed. Finally, simulation and experiments were made to verify the validity of the proposed scheme.Compared with the traditional control scheme, the proposed scheme is helpful for the optimal operation of the BWPT system, and it can obviously improve the system's overall efficiency.
引文
[1]黄学良,王维,谭林林.磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输技术研究动态与应用展望[J].电力系统自动化2017,41(2):2-14.Huang Xueliang,Wang Wei,Tan Linlin.Technical progress and application development of magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer[J].Automatic of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(2):2-14.
[2]杨庆新,章鹏程,祝丽花,等.无线电能传输技术的关键基础与技术瓶颈问题[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(5):1-8.Yang Qingxin,Zhang Pengcheng,Zhu Lihua,et al.Key fundamental problems and technical bottlenecks of the wireless power transmission technology[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(5):1-8.
[3]孙跃,张欢,陶维,等.基于变结构模式的宽负载恒压感应耦合电能传输系统[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(5):109-114.Sun Yue,Zhang Huan,Tao Wei,et al.Constantvoltage inductively coupled power transfer system with wide load range based on variable structure mode[J].Automatic of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(5):109-114.
[4]李中启,黄守道,袁小芳.线圈非同轴时磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输系统的效率优化[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(8):151-159.Li Zhongqi,Huang Shoudao,Yuan Xiaofang.Optimum efficiency analysis of wireless power transfer system via coupled magnetic resonances with lateral and angular misalignments[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(8):151-159.
[5]杨庆新,李阳,尹建斌,等.基于移幅键控的磁耦合谐振式无线电能和信号同步传输方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(16):153-161.Yang Qingxin,Li Yang,Yin Jianbin,et al.Wireless synchronous transmission of power and information based on ASK in WPT via coupled magnetic resonances[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(16):153-161.
[6]陈琛,黄学良,谭林林,等.电动汽车无线充电时的电磁环境及安全评估[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(19):61-67.Chen Chen,Huang Xueliang,Tan Linlin,et al.Electromagnetic environment and security evaluation for wireless charging of electric vehicles[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(19):61-67.
[7]朱庆伟,陈德清,王丽芳,等.电动汽车无线充电系统磁场仿真与屏蔽技术研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(1):143-147.Zhu Qingwei,Chen Deqing,Wang Lifang,et al.Study on the magnetic field and shielding technique for an electric vehicle oriented wireless charging system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(1):143-147.
[8]肖朝霞,刘杰.基于微网的电动汽车无线充电系统研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(1):231-236.Xiao Zhaoxia,Liu Jie.The research of electric vehicles wireless charging system based on microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(1):231-236.
[9]赵争鸣,刘方,陈凯楠.电动汽车无线充电技术研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(20):30-40.Zhao Zhengming,Liu Fang,Chen Kainan.New progress of wireless charging technology for electric vehicles[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(20):30-40.
[10]杨方勋,孙跃,戴欣.多负载感应耦合电能双向传输的仿真[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(10):3865-3871.Yang Fangxun,Sun Yue,Dai Xin.Simulation of multi-load inductive coupled power bi-directional transfer mode[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2012,43(10):3865-3871.
[11]陈凯楠,赵争鸣,刘方,等.电动汽车双向无线充电系统谐振拓扑分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(2):66-72.Chen Kainan,Zhao Zhengming,Liu Fang,et al.Analysis of resonant topology for bi-directional wireless charging of electric vehicle[J].Automatic of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(2):66-72.
[12]Swain A K,Neath M J,Madawala U K,et al.Adynamic multivariable state-space model for bidirectional inductive power transfer systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(11):4772-4780.
[13]Mohamed A A S,Berzoy A,Mohamed O A.Experimental validation of comprehensive steady-state analytical model of bidirectional WPT system in EVs applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2017,66(7):5584-5594.
[14]Madawala U K,Thrimawithana D J.A bidirectional inductive power interface for electric vehicles in V2Gsystems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(10):4789-4796.
[15]Thrimawithana D J,Madawala U K,Neath M.Asynchronization technique for bidirectional IPTsystems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,60(1):301-309.
[16]Mohamed A S,Youssef T,Mohammed O.Vehicle side predictive power-flow control of bidirectional WPTsystem for EV ancillary services[C]//Annual IEEEApplied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),2017:3211-3217.
[17]Lee J Y,Han B M,Neath M.A bidirectional wireless power transfer EV charger using self-resonant PWM[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(4):1784-1787.
[18]Politer F,Boscaino V,Tommaso A O D,et al.Efficiency optimization in bi-directional inductive power transfer systems[C]//International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft,Railway,Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles(ESARS),Aachen,Germany,2015:1-6.
[19]Nguyen B X,Vilathgamuwa D M,Foo G H B,et al.An efficiency optimization scheme for bidirectional inductive power transfer systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(11):6310-6319.
[20]Wireless power transfer for light-duty plug-in electric vehicles and alignment methodology SAEinternational[R].2017:SAE J2954.
[2]杨庆新,章鹏程,祝丽花,等.无线电能传输技术的关键基础与技术瓶颈问题[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(5):1-8.Yang Qingxin,Zhang Pengcheng,Zhu Lihua,et al.Key fundamental problems and technical bottlenecks of the wireless power transmission technology[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(5):1-8.
[3]孙跃,张欢,陶维,等.基于变结构模式的宽负载恒压感应耦合电能传输系统[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(5):109-114.Sun Yue,Zhang Huan,Tao Wei,et al.Constantvoltage inductively coupled power transfer system with wide load range based on variable structure mode[J].Automatic of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(5):109-114.
[4]李中启,黄守道,袁小芳.线圈非同轴时磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输系统的效率优化[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(8):151-159.Li Zhongqi,Huang Shoudao,Yuan Xiaofang.Optimum efficiency analysis of wireless power transfer system via coupled magnetic resonances with lateral and angular misalignments[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(8):151-159.
[5]杨庆新,李阳,尹建斌,等.基于移幅键控的磁耦合谐振式无线电能和信号同步传输方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(16):153-161.Yang Qingxin,Li Yang,Yin Jianbin,et al.Wireless synchronous transmission of power and information based on ASK in WPT via coupled magnetic resonances[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(16):153-161.
[6]陈琛,黄学良,谭林林,等.电动汽车无线充电时的电磁环境及安全评估[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(19):61-67.Chen Chen,Huang Xueliang,Tan Linlin,et al.Electromagnetic environment and security evaluation for wireless charging of electric vehicles[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(19):61-67.
[7]朱庆伟,陈德清,王丽芳,等.电动汽车无线充电系统磁场仿真与屏蔽技术研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(1):143-147.Zhu Qingwei,Chen Deqing,Wang Lifang,et al.Study on the magnetic field and shielding technique for an electric vehicle oriented wireless charging system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(1):143-147.
[8]肖朝霞,刘杰.基于微网的电动汽车无线充电系统研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(1):231-236.Xiao Zhaoxia,Liu Jie.The research of electric vehicles wireless charging system based on microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(1):231-236.
[9]赵争鸣,刘方,陈凯楠.电动汽车无线充电技术研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(20):30-40.Zhao Zhengming,Liu Fang,Chen Kainan.New progress of wireless charging technology for electric vehicles[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(20):30-40.
[10]杨方勋,孙跃,戴欣.多负载感应耦合电能双向传输的仿真[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(10):3865-3871.Yang Fangxun,Sun Yue,Dai Xin.Simulation of multi-load inductive coupled power bi-directional transfer mode[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2012,43(10):3865-3871.
[11]陈凯楠,赵争鸣,刘方,等.电动汽车双向无线充电系统谐振拓扑分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(2):66-72.Chen Kainan,Zhao Zhengming,Liu Fang,et al.Analysis of resonant topology for bi-directional wireless charging of electric vehicle[J].Automatic of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(2):66-72.
[12]Swain A K,Neath M J,Madawala U K,et al.Adynamic multivariable state-space model for bidirectional inductive power transfer systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(11):4772-4780.
[13]Mohamed A A S,Berzoy A,Mohamed O A.Experimental validation of comprehensive steady-state analytical model of bidirectional WPT system in EVs applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2017,66(7):5584-5594.
[14]Madawala U K,Thrimawithana D J.A bidirectional inductive power interface for electric vehicles in V2Gsystems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(10):4789-4796.
[15]Thrimawithana D J,Madawala U K,Neath M.Asynchronization technique for bidirectional IPTsystems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,60(1):301-309.
[16]Mohamed A S,Youssef T,Mohammed O.Vehicle side predictive power-flow control of bidirectional WPTsystem for EV ancillary services[C]//Annual IEEEApplied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),2017:3211-3217.
[17]Lee J Y,Han B M,Neath M.A bidirectional wireless power transfer EV charger using self-resonant PWM[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(4):1784-1787.
[18]Politer F,Boscaino V,Tommaso A O D,et al.Efficiency optimization in bi-directional inductive power transfer systems[C]//International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft,Railway,Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles(ESARS),Aachen,Germany,2015:1-6.
[19]Nguyen B X,Vilathgamuwa D M,Foo G H B,et al.An efficiency optimization scheme for bidirectional inductive power transfer systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(11):6310-6319.
[20]Wireless power transfer for light-duty plug-in electric vehicles and alignment methodology SAEinternational[R].2017:SAE J2954.
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