毛乌素沙地复配土壤水分特征曲线模型筛选研究
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摘要
针对国家增加可利用土地、降低水土流失的需求,利用复配土壤对风沙土进行改良,是实现毛乌素沙地治理、区域生态修复的重要手段。测定不同复配比例土壤的水力学性质,并进一步筛选出合适复配土壤使用的水分特征曲线模型,运用高速离心机法测定对复配土壤水分特征曲线,环刀法测定复配土饱和导水率,并对比不同水分特征曲线模型对于不同比例复配土壤的模拟效果。研究表明:相同土壤水吸力下,添加砒砂岩处理的土壤含水率均高于纯风沙土处理;复配比例中砒砂岩含量越高,土壤保水性越高;当砒砂岩与风沙土复配比例高于5:1后,土壤水分特征曲线与纯砒砂岩差异不大;低吸力阶段,砒砂岩的添加减少了土壤中大孔隙的比例,而在中高吸力阶段,砒砂岩的添加增大了土壤中小孔隙的比例,进而提高土体的持水能力。模型适宜性分析结果表明,能够适配各处理的非饱和导水率模式最优模型为van Genuchten模型;砒砂岩与沙复配比例高于1:5后,Gardner模型的相关系数从0.9473上升至0.9929,残差平方和0.041降低至0.010,模拟效果逐渐超越van Genuchten模型,间接推求公式Arya-Paris模型物理概念明确,但影响因素过多,相较经验公式拟合效果不佳。
Compound soil is widely used to control wind sand damage and restore the regional ecology of the Mu Us sandy land. In order to obtain the hydraulic characteristics of the compound soil and screen out a suitable water characteristic curve model for the compound soil, the water characteristic curves of the compound soil at different compounding ratios were determined by high-speed centrifuge method, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the compound soil was measured by the ring knife method, and the different water characteristic curves for compound soil with varied proportions were simulated and compared. The results show that: 1) in the case when all the compound soil samples have the same compactness, the saturated water content reduces as the ratio of sandstone soil goes up. This trend is more obvious when bulk density of the sample soils was kept the same. 2) In the case when the suction of the soil samples were kept constant, the water content of the compound soil increases with the increase of sandstone. Moreover, the water characteristic curve of the compound soil is gentle in the low suction section, and the high suction section is steep. 3) The van Genuchten model has the best fitting effect for the compound soil, and the Gardner model has a poor fitting effect for the coarse soil, for the low suction zone. The indirect estimation formula Arya-Paris model has a clear physical concept, but there are too many influencing factors, and the fitting effect is not good compared with the empirical formula.
Compound soil is widely used to control wind sand damage and restore the regional ecology of the Mu Us sandy land. In order to obtain the hydraulic characteristics of the compound soil and screen out a suitable water characteristic curve model for the compound soil, the water characteristic curves of the compound soil at different compounding ratios were determined by high-speed centrifuge method, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the compound soil was measured by the ring knife method, and the different water characteristic curves for compound soil with varied proportions were simulated and compared. The results show that: 1) in the case when all the compound soil samples have the same compactness, the saturated water content reduces as the ratio of sandstone soil goes up. This trend is more obvious when bulk density of the sample soils was kept the same. 2) In the case when the suction of the soil samples were kept constant, the water content of the compound soil increases with the increase of sandstone. Moreover, the water characteristic curve of the compound soil is gentle in the low suction section, and the high suction section is steep. 3) The van Genuchten model has the best fitting effect for the compound soil, and the Gardner model has a poor fitting effect for the coarse soil, for the low suction zone. The indirect estimation formula Arya-Paris model has a clear physical concept, but there are too many influencing factors, and the fitting effect is not good compared with the empirical formula.
引文
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[14] Zou C W, Xue X Z, Zhang R D. Estimation of parameters in Gardner-Russo model for soil water retention curves by means of simple infiltration method[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2006,37(9):1114-1121.
[15] 姜海波, 唐凯, 何新林,等. 抑制干旱区平原水库蒸发试验及蒸发模型研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2016, 30(1):119-124.
[16] Antinoro C, Bagarello V, Ferro V, et al. A simplified approach to estimate water retention for Sicilian soils by the Arya–Paris model[J]. Geoderma, 2014,213(1):226-234.
[17] 摄晓燕, 张兴昌, 魏孝荣. 适量砒砂岩改良风沙土的吸水和保水特性[J]. 农业工程学报, 2014,30(14):115-123.
[18] 张露, 韩霁昌, 罗林涛, 等. 砒砂岩与风沙土复配土壤的持水特性研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2014,42(2):207-214.
[19] 姚淑霞, 张铜会, 刘新平,等. 科尔沁地区不同类型沙地土壤饱和导水率特征分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012, 26(4):123-126.
[20] 吕贻忠, 杨佩国. 荒漠结皮对土壤水分状况的影响[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2004, 18(2):76-79.
[21] 杨栩, 尤学一, 季民. 天津城市绿地土壤水分特征曲线模型及参数确定[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2013, 27(8):115-119.
[22] 杨靖宇, 屈忠义. 河套灌区区域土壤水分特征曲线模型的确定与评价[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2008, 22(5):155-159.
[23] Simunek J, van Genuchten, et al. Estimating unsaturated soil hydraulic properties from multiple tension DISC infiltrometer data[J]. Soil Science, 1997,162(6):383-398.
[24] 傅炜. 黄土地区通用土壤流失方程模型研究[J].中国环境科学, 1997,17(2):58-66.
[25] 邵明安, 王全九, Horton Robert. 推求土壤水分运动参数的简单入渗法I.理论分析[J]. 土壤学报, 2000,37(1):1-8.
[26] 徐绍辉, 张佳宝, 刘建立, 等. 表征土壤水分持留曲线的几种模型的适应性研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2002,39(4):498-504.
[2] 王愿昌, 吴永红, 寇权, 等. 砒砂岩分布范围界定与类型区划分[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2007,5(1):14-18.
[3] 叶浩, 石建省, 李向全, 等. 砒砂岩岩性特征对抗侵蚀性影响分析[J]. 地球学报, 2006,27(2):145-150.
[4] Jia Junchao, Zhang Pingping, Yang Xiaofeng, et al. Feldspathic sandstone addition and its impact on hydraulic properties [J]. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2018,98(3):399-406.
[5] 李娟, 韩霁昌, 成生权, 等. 砒砂岩与沙复配土对土壤团聚体和有机碳质量分数的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2015,24(11):140-148.
[6] 韩霁昌, 刘彦随, 罗林涛. 毛乌素沙地砒砂岩与沙快速复配成土核心技术研究[J]. 中国土地科学, 2012,26(8):87-94.
[7] 张露, 韩霁昌, 马增辉, 等. 砒砂岩与沙复配“土壤”的质地性状[J]. 西北农业学报, 2014,23(4):166-172.
[8] YANG Z P, Xiao Y, et al. Characteristics of stemflow for sand-fixed shrubs in Mu Us sandy land, Northwest China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2008,53(14):2207-2214.
[9] Wang H Y, Han J C, Tong W, et al. Analysis of water and nitrogen use efficiency for maize (Zea mays L.) grown on soft rock and sand compound soil[J]. Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture, 2017,97(8):2553.
[10] 宋孝玉, 李亚娟, 李怀有, 等. 土壤水分特征曲线单一参数模型的建立及应用[J]. 农业工程学报, 2008,24(12):12-15.
[11] 王全九, 王文焰, 沈冰, 等. 田间非饱和土壤水分运动参数测定[J]. 农业工程学报, 1998,14(2):149-153.
[12] Pham H Q, Fredlund D G, Lee B S. A study of hysteresis models for soil-water characteristic curves[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2005,42(6):1548-1568.
[13] Van Genuchten M T, Wagenet R J. Two-site/two-region models for pesticide transport and degradation: Theoretical development and analytical solutions[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1989, 53(5):1303-1310.
[14] Zou C W, Xue X Z, Zhang R D. Estimation of parameters in Gardner-Russo model for soil water retention curves by means of simple infiltration method[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2006,37(9):1114-1121.
[15] 姜海波, 唐凯, 何新林,等. 抑制干旱区平原水库蒸发试验及蒸发模型研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2016, 30(1):119-124.
[16] Antinoro C, Bagarello V, Ferro V, et al. A simplified approach to estimate water retention for Sicilian soils by the Arya–Paris model[J]. Geoderma, 2014,213(1):226-234.
[17] 摄晓燕, 张兴昌, 魏孝荣. 适量砒砂岩改良风沙土的吸水和保水特性[J]. 农业工程学报, 2014,30(14):115-123.
[18] 张露, 韩霁昌, 罗林涛, 等. 砒砂岩与风沙土复配土壤的持水特性研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2014,42(2):207-214.
[19] 姚淑霞, 张铜会, 刘新平,等. 科尔沁地区不同类型沙地土壤饱和导水率特征分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012, 26(4):123-126.
[20] 吕贻忠, 杨佩国. 荒漠结皮对土壤水分状况的影响[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2004, 18(2):76-79.
[21] 杨栩, 尤学一, 季民. 天津城市绿地土壤水分特征曲线模型及参数确定[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2013, 27(8):115-119.
[22] 杨靖宇, 屈忠义. 河套灌区区域土壤水分特征曲线模型的确定与评价[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2008, 22(5):155-159.
[23] Simunek J, van Genuchten, et al. Estimating unsaturated soil hydraulic properties from multiple tension DISC infiltrometer data[J]. Soil Science, 1997,162(6):383-398.
[24] 傅炜. 黄土地区通用土壤流失方程模型研究[J].中国环境科学, 1997,17(2):58-66.
[25] 邵明安, 王全九, Horton Robert. 推求土壤水分运动参数的简单入渗法I.理论分析[J]. 土壤学报, 2000,37(1):1-8.
[26] 徐绍辉, 张佳宝, 刘建立, 等. 表征土壤水分持留曲线的几种模型的适应性研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2002,39(4):498-504.
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