种植不同植物的人工湿地深度处理城镇污水处理厂尾水的中试研究
|
摘要
利用种植不同植物的人工湿地对污水厂尾水进行深度处理以达到更严格的排放标准.利用5块尺寸一致的中试规模人工湿地,以潮汐流作为运行方式,研究不同植物对尾水的处理效果.经过一年的实验,结果表明:5块人工湿地出水各指标均能达到提升标准的排放要求.在不同植物的去污效果对比实验中,种植芦苇(Phragmites communis)的人工湿地对化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮和总氮(TN)的平均去除率均为最高,分别为24.01%、68.15%和92.70%;种植风车草(Cyperus alternifolius)的人工湿地对TP的平均去除率最高,为71.68%.在不同季节的去污效果对比实验中,春季芦苇湿地对COD、氨氮和TN的去除效果最好,平均去除率分别为52.51%、76.06%和92.04%,美人蕉(Canna indica)湿地对TP去除效果最好,平均去除率为66.72%;夏季对COD、氨氮、TP和TN处理效果最好的分别是种植丝带草(Phalaris arundinacea)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、风车草和芦苇的人工湿地,平均去除率分别为15.83%、78.11%、67.30%和91.73%;秋季对COD、氨氮、TP、TN处理效果最好的分别是种植芦苇、丝带草、风车草、美人蕉的人工湿地,平均去除率分别为12. 19%、58. 82%、83.16%和94.01%;冬季对COD去除效果最好的是种植丝带草的人工湿地,平均去除率为33.39%,对氨氮、TP处理效果最好的是种植美人蕉的人工湿地,平均去除率分别为76.33%和79.43%,对TN处理效果最好的是种植芦苇的人工湿地,平均去除率为94.97%.在以后的实际工程中,可以考虑用种植不同季节、不同指标对应的最佳去污植物为主,并且搭配种植其他植物的人工湿地进行污水厂尾水的深度处理.
In order to meet stringent water quality standards,the tail water of the local wastewater treatment plant has been treated by constructed wetlands with different plants. Five pilot-scale constructed wetlands were investigated for the advanced treatment of the tail water of wastewater treatment plant,they had the same size,and were operated with a tidal flow,while they were planted with different plants to compare their treatment effects. After one year's experiment,the results showed that the all indexes of effluent from five constructed wetlands could meet the improved requirements. Among them,the constructed wetland planted with Phragmites communis had the highest average removal rates of chemical oxygen demand( COD),ammonia nitrogen,and total nitrogen( TN),which were 24.01%,68.15%,and 92.70%,respectively. The constructed wetland planted with Cyperus alternifolius had the highest average removal rate of total phosphorus( TP),which was 71.68%. In the contrast experiment of the performance in different seasons,in the spring,the constructed wetland planted with Phragmites communis had the best removal effect on COD,ammonia nitrogen and TN,the average removal rates were 52.51%,76.06% and 92.04%,respectively,and the constructed wetland planted with Canna indica had the best removal effect on TP,the average removal rate was 66.72%. In the summer,the constructed wetland respectively planted with Phalaris arundinacea,Acorus calamus,Cyperus alternifolius and Phragmites communis had the best removal effect on COD,ammonia nitrogen,TP and TN,the average removal rates were 15.83%,78.11%,67.30% and 91. 73%,respectively. In the autumn,the constructed wetland respectively planted with Phragmites communis,Phalaris arundinacea,Cyperus alternifolius and Canna indica had the best removal effect on COD,ammonia nitrogen,TP and TN,respectively,the average removal rates were 12.19%,58.82%,83.16% and 94.01%,respectively. In the winter,the constructed wetland planted with Phalaris arundinacea had the best removal effect on COD,the average removal rate was 33.39%,the constructed wetland planted with Canna indica had the best removal effect on ammonia nitrogen and TP,the average removal rates were 76.33% and 79.43%,respectively,and the constructed wetland planted with Phragmites communis had the best removal effect on TN,the average removal rate was 94.97%. It will be of significance to the practical engineering in the future.
In order to meet stringent water quality standards,the tail water of the local wastewater treatment plant has been treated by constructed wetlands with different plants. Five pilot-scale constructed wetlands were investigated for the advanced treatment of the tail water of wastewater treatment plant,they had the same size,and were operated with a tidal flow,while they were planted with different plants to compare their treatment effects. After one year's experiment,the results showed that the all indexes of effluent from five constructed wetlands could meet the improved requirements. Among them,the constructed wetland planted with Phragmites communis had the highest average removal rates of chemical oxygen demand( COD),ammonia nitrogen,and total nitrogen( TN),which were 24.01%,68.15%,and 92.70%,respectively. The constructed wetland planted with Cyperus alternifolius had the highest average removal rate of total phosphorus( TP),which was 71.68%. In the contrast experiment of the performance in different seasons,in the spring,the constructed wetland planted with Phragmites communis had the best removal effect on COD,ammonia nitrogen and TN,the average removal rates were 52.51%,76.06% and 92.04%,respectively,and the constructed wetland planted with Canna indica had the best removal effect on TP,the average removal rate was 66.72%. In the summer,the constructed wetland respectively planted with Phalaris arundinacea,Acorus calamus,Cyperus alternifolius and Phragmites communis had the best removal effect on COD,ammonia nitrogen,TP and TN,the average removal rates were 15.83%,78.11%,67.30% and 91. 73%,respectively. In the autumn,the constructed wetland respectively planted with Phragmites communis,Phalaris arundinacea,Cyperus alternifolius and Canna indica had the best removal effect on COD,ammonia nitrogen,TP and TN,respectively,the average removal rates were 12.19%,58.82%,83.16% and 94.01%,respectively. In the winter,the constructed wetland planted with Phalaris arundinacea had the best removal effect on COD,the average removal rate was 33.39%,the constructed wetland planted with Canna indica had the best removal effect on ammonia nitrogen and TP,the average removal rates were 76.33% and 79.43%,respectively,and the constructed wetland planted with Phragmites communis had the best removal effect on TN,the average removal rate was 94.97%. It will be of significance to the practical engineering in the future.
引文
[1]Liang K,Chang JJ,Wang F et al.Purification ability of tail water and optimal hydraulic loading rates in vertical flow constructed wetland.J Lake Sci,2016,28(1):114-123.DOI:10.18307/2016.0113.[梁康,常军军,王飞华等.垂直流人工湿地对尾水的净化效果及最佳水力负荷.湖泊科学,2016,28(1):114-123.]
[2]Huang JL,Chen Q,Xu LH.Problems and countermeasures in application of constructed wetlands.Environmental Science,2013,(1):401-408.[黄锦楼,陈琴,许连煌.人工湿地在应用中存在的问题及解决措施.环境科学,2013,(1):401-408.]
[3]Zhao Y,Li FM,Wang H et al.Metabolic characteristics of microbial communities in constructed aerobic/anoxic subsurface flow wetlands with different structures.Journal of Environmental Science,2012,(2):299-307.[赵艳,李锋民,王昊云等.不同结构好氧/厌氧潜流人工湿地微生物群落代谢特性.环境科学学报,2012,(2):299-307.]
[4]Choi JY,Maniquiz MC,Geronimo FK et al.Development of a horizontal subsurface flow modular constructed wetland for urban runoff treatment.Water Science&Technology,2012,66(9):1950-1957.
[5]Saeed T,Afrin R,Muyeed AA et al.Treatment of tannery wastewater in a pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland system in Bangladesh.Chemosphere,2012,88(9):1065-1073.
[6]Weerakoon GMPR,Jinadasa KBSN,Herath GBB et al.Impact of the hydraulic loading rate on pollutants removal in tropical horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands.Ecological Engineering,2013,61(8):154-160.
[7]Ruiz AM,Maerz JC,Davis AK et al.Patterns of development and abnormalities among tadpoles in a constructed wetland receiving treated wastewater.Environmental Science and Technology,2010,44(13):4862-4868.
[8]Cooper P.What can we learn from old wetlands?Lessons that have been learned and some that may have been forgotten over the past 20 years.Desalination,2009,246(1):11-26.
[9]Ruiz AM,Maerz JC,Davis AK et al.Patterns of development and abnormalities among tadpoles in a constructed wetland receiving treated wastewater.Environmental Science and Technology,2010,44(13):4862-4868.
[10]Guan C,Yu DW,Zheng X et al.Removing nitrogen and phosphoros of effluent from wastewater treatment plants by constructed wetlands in China:An Overview.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(12):2309-2320.[管策,郁达伟,郑祥等.我国人工湿地在城市污水处理厂尾水脱氮除磷中的研究与应用进展.农业环境科学学报,2012,31(12):2309-2320.]
[11]Liu J,Zhang CJ.Application of constructed wetland technology to wastewater advanced treatment.Environmental Science and Technology,2010,23(3):30-33.[刘建,张晨君.人工湿地水质净化技术在污水深度处理中的应用.环境科技,2010,23(3):30-33.]
[12]Yu J,Tian NN,Qian JH et al.Application of constructed wetland to wastewater advanced treatment and project design.China Water&Wastewater,2009,25(4):53-55.[余杰,田宁宁,钱靖华等.人工湿地在污水深度处理中的应用与工程设计.中国给水排水,2009,25(4):53-55.]
[13]Liao B,Lin W.Application of enhanced vertical flow constructed wetland to advanced treatment of effluent from wastewater treatment plant.China Water&Wastewater,2013,29(16):74-77.[廖波,林武.强化型垂直流人工湿地用于污水处理厂尾水深度处理.中国给水排水,2013,29(16):74-77.]
[14]Wu YH,Yang XN,Han R.Advanced treatment effect and influencing factor of nitrogen in hybrid constructed wetland.Wetland Science,2014,12(1):35-42.[吴英海,杨旭楠,韩蕊等.复合人工湿地对氮的深度处理效果及影响因素.湿地科学,2014,12(1):35-42.]
[15]Fan YH,Cui LH,Lin YT et al.Advanced treatment of tail water from sewage plant by different aquatic plant types of surface flow constructed wetlands.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(6):2875-2880.[范远红,崔理华,林运通等.不同水生植物类型表面流人工湿地系统对污水厂尾水深度处理效果.环境工程学报,2016,10(6):2875-2880.]
[16]Wu D,Miao AJ,Li L et al.Research on different plants in surface flow constructed wetlands and their combination effects on purification of tail water from sewage treatment plant Water Resources Protection,2015,31(6):115-121.[吴丹,缪爱军,李丽等.表面流人工湿地不同植物及其组合净化污水处理厂尾水研究.水资源保护,2015,31(6):115-121.]
[17]Jiang L,Liu RL,Chen P et al.Effect of intermittent aeration and plants on the treatment of tail water of municipal wastewater treatment plant by constructed wetlands.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(9):4761-4767.[江林,刘润龙,陈培等.阶段曝气和植物对人工湿地处理城镇污水厂尾水的影响.环境工程学报,2016,10(9):4761-4767.]
[18]Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China,Editorial Board of Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Methods eds.Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis methods:4th edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.[国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法:第4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.]
[19]Baudoin E,Benizri E,Guckert A.Impact of artificial root exudates on the bacterial community structure in bulk soil and maize rhizosphere.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35(9):1183-1192.
[20]Xie L,Wang DG,Dai Y.Study on removal model of organic substances in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands.Chinese Environmental Science,2009,(5):502-505.[谢龙,汪德爟,戴昱.水平潜流人工湿地有机物去除模型研究.中国环境科学,2009,(5):502-505.]
[21]Cheng SP,Wu ZB,Kuang QJ.Constructed wetland plant research.J Lake Sci,2002,14(2):179-184.DOI:10.18307/2002.0213.[成水平,吴振斌,况琪军.人工湿地植物研究.湖泊科学,2002,14(2):179-184.]
[22]Liu CW,Xue C,Yang YZ et al.Novel tidal-flow constructed wetland for advanced treatment of domestic sewage.China Water&Wastewater,2012,28(11):10-13.[刘昌伟,薛晨,杨永哲等.新型潮汐流人工湿地深度处理生活污水的研究.中国给水排水,2012,28(11):10-13.]
[23]Sun G,Zhao Y,Allen S.Enhanced removal of organic matter and ammoniacal-nitrogen in a column experiment of tidal flow constructed wetland system.Journal of Biotechnology,2005,115(2):189-197.
[24]Zhu T,Jenssen PD,Meahlum T et al.Phosphorus sorption and chemical characteristics of lightweight aggregates(LWA)-potential filter media in treatment wetlands.Water Science&Technology,1997,35(5):103-108.
[25]Zhou XD,Sun XG,Zhao CL et al.Research on enzymatic activities in the rhizosphere of constructed wetland plants and purification of wastewater in seasonal.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(6):1043-1049.[周旭丹,孙晓刚,赵春莉等.人工湿地植被根区土壤性质及其净化水质季节效应分析.生态环境学报,2015,24(6):1043-1049.]
[26]Mcbride GB,Tanner CC.Modelling biofilm nitrogen transformations in constructed wetland mesocosms with fluctuating water levels.Ecological Engineering,1999,14(1/2):93-106.
[27]Liu MH,Wu SB,Ju XX et al.Progress and prospects of polluted water treatment of tidal flow constructed wetland.Technology of Water Treatment,2014,(5):10-15.[柳明慧,吴树彪,鞠鑫鑫等.潮汐流人工湿地污水强化处理研究进展.水处理技术,2014,(5):10-15.]
[28]Liu X,Tang TFZ,Huang SL.Growth characteristics and purification efficiency of four wetland plants.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2013,28(3):392-399.[刘霄,唐婷芳子,黄岁樑.4种湿地植物的生长特性和污水净化效果研究.云南农业大学学报,2013,28(3):392-399.]
[29]Chu R,Chen NL,Wang XJ et al.The nitrogen removal effect of emergent plant in constructed wetland.Environmental Pollution&Control,2017,39(8):884-889.[褚润,陈年来,王小娟等.人工湿地挺水植物脱氮效果研究.环境污染与防治,2017,39(8):884-889.]
[30]Yang CM,Gu GQ,Deng HH et al.Comparison of phosphorous removal efficiency from aquaculture water between Cyperous alternifolius and Typha angustifolia subsurface-flow constructed wetlands.China Environmental Science,2008,28(5):471-475.[杨长明,顾国泉,邓欢欢等.风车草和香蒲人工湿地对养殖水体磷的去除作用.中国环境科学,2008,28(5):471-475.]
[31]Zhao QJ.Study on the soil microbial diversity in the running constructed wetland cultivated with four plants.Journal of Shanghaijiaotong University:Agricultural Science,2011,29(3):47-52.[赵庆节.种植不同植物的人工湿地土壤微生物群落研究.上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2011,29(3):47-52.]
[2]Huang JL,Chen Q,Xu LH.Problems and countermeasures in application of constructed wetlands.Environmental Science,2013,(1):401-408.[黄锦楼,陈琴,许连煌.人工湿地在应用中存在的问题及解决措施.环境科学,2013,(1):401-408.]
[3]Zhao Y,Li FM,Wang H et al.Metabolic characteristics of microbial communities in constructed aerobic/anoxic subsurface flow wetlands with different structures.Journal of Environmental Science,2012,(2):299-307.[赵艳,李锋民,王昊云等.不同结构好氧/厌氧潜流人工湿地微生物群落代谢特性.环境科学学报,2012,(2):299-307.]
[4]Choi JY,Maniquiz MC,Geronimo FK et al.Development of a horizontal subsurface flow modular constructed wetland for urban runoff treatment.Water Science&Technology,2012,66(9):1950-1957.
[5]Saeed T,Afrin R,Muyeed AA et al.Treatment of tannery wastewater in a pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland system in Bangladesh.Chemosphere,2012,88(9):1065-1073.
[6]Weerakoon GMPR,Jinadasa KBSN,Herath GBB et al.Impact of the hydraulic loading rate on pollutants removal in tropical horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands.Ecological Engineering,2013,61(8):154-160.
[7]Ruiz AM,Maerz JC,Davis AK et al.Patterns of development and abnormalities among tadpoles in a constructed wetland receiving treated wastewater.Environmental Science and Technology,2010,44(13):4862-4868.
[8]Cooper P.What can we learn from old wetlands?Lessons that have been learned and some that may have been forgotten over the past 20 years.Desalination,2009,246(1):11-26.
[9]Ruiz AM,Maerz JC,Davis AK et al.Patterns of development and abnormalities among tadpoles in a constructed wetland receiving treated wastewater.Environmental Science and Technology,2010,44(13):4862-4868.
[10]Guan C,Yu DW,Zheng X et al.Removing nitrogen and phosphoros of effluent from wastewater treatment plants by constructed wetlands in China:An Overview.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(12):2309-2320.[管策,郁达伟,郑祥等.我国人工湿地在城市污水处理厂尾水脱氮除磷中的研究与应用进展.农业环境科学学报,2012,31(12):2309-2320.]
[11]Liu J,Zhang CJ.Application of constructed wetland technology to wastewater advanced treatment.Environmental Science and Technology,2010,23(3):30-33.[刘建,张晨君.人工湿地水质净化技术在污水深度处理中的应用.环境科技,2010,23(3):30-33.]
[12]Yu J,Tian NN,Qian JH et al.Application of constructed wetland to wastewater advanced treatment and project design.China Water&Wastewater,2009,25(4):53-55.[余杰,田宁宁,钱靖华等.人工湿地在污水深度处理中的应用与工程设计.中国给水排水,2009,25(4):53-55.]
[13]Liao B,Lin W.Application of enhanced vertical flow constructed wetland to advanced treatment of effluent from wastewater treatment plant.China Water&Wastewater,2013,29(16):74-77.[廖波,林武.强化型垂直流人工湿地用于污水处理厂尾水深度处理.中国给水排水,2013,29(16):74-77.]
[14]Wu YH,Yang XN,Han R.Advanced treatment effect and influencing factor of nitrogen in hybrid constructed wetland.Wetland Science,2014,12(1):35-42.[吴英海,杨旭楠,韩蕊等.复合人工湿地对氮的深度处理效果及影响因素.湿地科学,2014,12(1):35-42.]
[15]Fan YH,Cui LH,Lin YT et al.Advanced treatment of tail water from sewage plant by different aquatic plant types of surface flow constructed wetlands.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(6):2875-2880.[范远红,崔理华,林运通等.不同水生植物类型表面流人工湿地系统对污水厂尾水深度处理效果.环境工程学报,2016,10(6):2875-2880.]
[16]Wu D,Miao AJ,Li L et al.Research on different plants in surface flow constructed wetlands and their combination effects on purification of tail water from sewage treatment plant Water Resources Protection,2015,31(6):115-121.[吴丹,缪爱军,李丽等.表面流人工湿地不同植物及其组合净化污水处理厂尾水研究.水资源保护,2015,31(6):115-121.]
[17]Jiang L,Liu RL,Chen P et al.Effect of intermittent aeration and plants on the treatment of tail water of municipal wastewater treatment plant by constructed wetlands.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(9):4761-4767.[江林,刘润龙,陈培等.阶段曝气和植物对人工湿地处理城镇污水厂尾水的影响.环境工程学报,2016,10(9):4761-4767.]
[18]Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China,Editorial Board of Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Methods eds.Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis methods:4th edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.[国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法:第4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.]
[19]Baudoin E,Benizri E,Guckert A.Impact of artificial root exudates on the bacterial community structure in bulk soil and maize rhizosphere.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35(9):1183-1192.
[20]Xie L,Wang DG,Dai Y.Study on removal model of organic substances in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands.Chinese Environmental Science,2009,(5):502-505.[谢龙,汪德爟,戴昱.水平潜流人工湿地有机物去除模型研究.中国环境科学,2009,(5):502-505.]
[21]Cheng SP,Wu ZB,Kuang QJ.Constructed wetland plant research.J Lake Sci,2002,14(2):179-184.DOI:10.18307/2002.0213.[成水平,吴振斌,况琪军.人工湿地植物研究.湖泊科学,2002,14(2):179-184.]
[22]Liu CW,Xue C,Yang YZ et al.Novel tidal-flow constructed wetland for advanced treatment of domestic sewage.China Water&Wastewater,2012,28(11):10-13.[刘昌伟,薛晨,杨永哲等.新型潮汐流人工湿地深度处理生活污水的研究.中国给水排水,2012,28(11):10-13.]
[23]Sun G,Zhao Y,Allen S.Enhanced removal of organic matter and ammoniacal-nitrogen in a column experiment of tidal flow constructed wetland system.Journal of Biotechnology,2005,115(2):189-197.
[24]Zhu T,Jenssen PD,Meahlum T et al.Phosphorus sorption and chemical characteristics of lightweight aggregates(LWA)-potential filter media in treatment wetlands.Water Science&Technology,1997,35(5):103-108.
[25]Zhou XD,Sun XG,Zhao CL et al.Research on enzymatic activities in the rhizosphere of constructed wetland plants and purification of wastewater in seasonal.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(6):1043-1049.[周旭丹,孙晓刚,赵春莉等.人工湿地植被根区土壤性质及其净化水质季节效应分析.生态环境学报,2015,24(6):1043-1049.]
[26]Mcbride GB,Tanner CC.Modelling biofilm nitrogen transformations in constructed wetland mesocosms with fluctuating water levels.Ecological Engineering,1999,14(1/2):93-106.
[27]Liu MH,Wu SB,Ju XX et al.Progress and prospects of polluted water treatment of tidal flow constructed wetland.Technology of Water Treatment,2014,(5):10-15.[柳明慧,吴树彪,鞠鑫鑫等.潮汐流人工湿地污水强化处理研究进展.水处理技术,2014,(5):10-15.]
[28]Liu X,Tang TFZ,Huang SL.Growth characteristics and purification efficiency of four wetland plants.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2013,28(3):392-399.[刘霄,唐婷芳子,黄岁樑.4种湿地植物的生长特性和污水净化效果研究.云南农业大学学报,2013,28(3):392-399.]
[29]Chu R,Chen NL,Wang XJ et al.The nitrogen removal effect of emergent plant in constructed wetland.Environmental Pollution&Control,2017,39(8):884-889.[褚润,陈年来,王小娟等.人工湿地挺水植物脱氮效果研究.环境污染与防治,2017,39(8):884-889.]
[30]Yang CM,Gu GQ,Deng HH et al.Comparison of phosphorous removal efficiency from aquaculture water between Cyperous alternifolius and Typha angustifolia subsurface-flow constructed wetlands.China Environmental Science,2008,28(5):471-475.[杨长明,顾国泉,邓欢欢等.风车草和香蒲人工湿地对养殖水体磷的去除作用.中国环境科学,2008,28(5):471-475.]
[31]Zhao QJ.Study on the soil microbial diversity in the running constructed wetland cultivated with four plants.Journal of Shanghaijiaotong University:Agricultural Science,2011,29(3):47-52.[赵庆节.种植不同植物的人工湿地土壤微生物群落研究.上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2011,29(3):47-52.]
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |