龙门山断裂带北东段活动断裂的遥感影像解译及构造活动性分析
|
摘要
活动断裂活动性的强弱显著影响着人们的生命、财产安全。在系统总结活动断裂的遥感影像解译标志的基础上,综合利用Landsat ETM+影像、ASTER GDEM数字高程模型及Google Earth影像等多种数据资料,结合前人研究成果,获得研究区活动断裂的空间展布情况:平武—青川断裂、北川—映秀断裂北东段、茶坝—林庵寺断裂和广元—江油断裂在空间展布上大致平行。通过对错断水系错位量的测量、夸张三维地貌的对比、历史地震震级对比和地形起伏度等比较分析,得出了断裂的性质和活动性强弱情况:平武—青川断裂、北川—映秀断裂北东段、茶坝—林庵寺断裂和广元—江油断裂为研究区内主要的活动断裂,均为右旋走滑兼逆冲断裂;平武—青川断裂的活动性最强,北川—映秀断裂北东段及茶坝—林庵寺断裂的活动性次之,广元—江油断裂的活动性最弱。龙门山断裂带北东段主要活动断裂的活动性由北西向南东减弱。
In this paper,the authors systematically summarized the remote sensing interpretation signs of active faults and,by using Landsat ETM +,ASTER GDEM and Google Earth image data in combination with previous research results,obtained the spatial distribution of active faults in the study area and analyzed in detail fault properties and activities.It is shown that Pingwu — Qingchuan fault,the northeastern segment of Beichuan —Yingxiu fault,Chaba — Linansi fault and Guangyuan — Jiangyou fault are roughly parallel in spatial distribution.On the basis of the measurement of offset streams dislocation,the contrast of exaggerated 3 D landforms,the historical earthquakes analysis and the analysis of topographic relief extent of land surface,the authors have reached the conclusion that Pingwu — Qingchuan fault,the northeastern segment of Beichuan — Yingxiu fault,Chaba —Linansi fault and Guangyuan — Jiangyou fault are main active faults in the zone,which are all right-lateral strike-slip and thrust faults.Among them,the activity of the Pingwu — Qingchuan fault is strongest,the activity of the the northeastern segment of Beichuan — Yingxiu fault and Chaba — Linansi fault is weaker than that of Pingwu —Qingchuan fault,and the activity of the Guangyuan — Jiangyou fault is the weakest.
In this paper,the authors systematically summarized the remote sensing interpretation signs of active faults and,by using Landsat ETM +,ASTER GDEM and Google Earth image data in combination with previous research results,obtained the spatial distribution of active faults in the study area and analyzed in detail fault properties and activities.It is shown that Pingwu — Qingchuan fault,the northeastern segment of Beichuan —Yingxiu fault,Chaba — Linansi fault and Guangyuan — Jiangyou fault are roughly parallel in spatial distribution.On the basis of the measurement of offset streams dislocation,the contrast of exaggerated 3 D landforms,the historical earthquakes analysis and the analysis of topographic relief extent of land surface,the authors have reached the conclusion that Pingwu — Qingchuan fault,the northeastern segment of Beichuan — Yingxiu fault,Chaba —Linansi fault and Guangyuan — Jiangyou fault are main active faults in the zone,which are all right-lateral strike-slip and thrust faults.Among them,the activity of the Pingwu — Qingchuan fault is strongest,the activity of the the northeastern segment of Beichuan — Yingxiu fault and Chaba — Linansi fault is weaker than that of Pingwu —Qingchuan fault,and the activity of the Guangyuan — Jiangyou fault is the weakest.
引文
[1]吴中海,张岳桥,胡道功.新构造、活动构造与地震地质[J].地质通报,2014,33(4):391-402.Wu Z H,Zhang Y Q,Hu D G.Neotectonics,active tectonics and earthquake geology[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2014,33(4):391-402.
[2]Molnar P,Tapponnier P.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects of a continental collision[J].Science,1975,189(4201):419-426.
[3]Taylor M,Yin A.Active structures of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen and their relationships to earthquake distribution,contemporary strain field,and Cenozoic volcanism[J].Geosphere,2009,5(3):199-214.
[4]张培震,邓起东,张竹琪,等.中国大陆的活动断裂、地震灾害及其动力过程[J].中国科学(地球科学),2013,43(10):1607-1620.Zhang P Z,Deng Q D,Zhang Z Q,et al.Active faults,earthquake hazards and associated geodynamic processes in continental China[J].Scientia Sinica Terrae,2013,43(10):1607-1620.
[5]Chen Z H,Burchfiel B C,Liu Y,et al.Global positioning system measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research(Solid Earth),2000,105(b7):16215-16227.
[6]Fu B H,Awata Y.Displacement and timing of left-lateral faulting in the Kunlun Fault Zone,northern Tibet,inferred from geologic and geomorphic features[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2007,29(2):253-265.
[7]李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑-逆冲作用的地貌标志[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(1):40-51.Li Y,Zhou R J,Densmore A L,et al.Geomorphic evidence for the late cenozoic strike-slipping and thrusting in Longmen mountain at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(1):40-51.
[8]李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑挤压作用的沉积响应[J].沉积学报,2006,24(2):153-164.Li Y,Zhou R J,Densmore A L,et al.Sedimentary responses to late Cenozoic thrusting and strike-slipping of Longmen Shan along eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(2):153-164.
[9]付碧宏,时丕龙,张之武.四川汶川MS8.0大地震地表破裂带的遥感影像解析[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1679-1687.Fu B H,Shi P L,Zhang Z W.Spatial characteristics of the surface rupture produced by the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake using highresolution remote sensing imagery[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12):1679-1687.
[10]路静,张景发,姜文亮,等.龙门山断裂带北段活动特征的遥感地质解译研究[J].地震,2009,29(b10):164-172.Lu J,Zhang J F,Jian W L,et al.Interpretation of active tectonics along the northern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone from RSimages[J].Earthquake,2009,29(b10):164-172.
[11]李勇,黎兵,周荣军,等.剥蚀-沉积体系中剥蚀量与沉积通量的定量对比研究---以岷江流域为例[J].地质学报,2007,81(3):332-343.Li Y,Li B,Zhou R J,et al.The quantitative correlation between denudation volume and flux in the denudation-accumulation system:Examples from Minjiang River drainage system[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(3):332-343.
[12]杨农,张岳桥.龙门山断裂活动和川西高原隆升历史的裂变径迹测年[J].地质力学学报,2010,16(4):359-371.Yang N,Zhang Y Q.Tission-track dating for activity of the Longmenshan fault zone and uplifting of the western Sichuan Plateau[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2010,16(4):359-371.
[13]侯增谦,吕庆田,王安建,等.初论陆-陆碰撞与成矿作用---以青藏高原造山带为例[J].矿床地质,2003,22(4):319-333.Hou Z Q,Lyu Q T,Wang A J,et al.Continental collision and related metallogeny:A case study of mineralization in Tibetan orogen[J].Mineral Deposits,2003,22(4):319-333.
[14]李勇,孙爱珍.龙门山造山带构造地层学研究[J].地层学杂志,2000,24(3):201-206.Li Y,Sun A Z.Tectostratigraphy of Longmenshan orogen[J].Journal of Stratigrephy,2000,24(3):201-206.
[15]高名修.晚新生代地壳构造运动研究[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(4):295-319.Gao M X.Study on late Cenozoic crustal tectonism[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(4):295-319.
[16]李玶,汪良谋.云南川西地区地震地质基本特征的探讨[J].地质科学,1975,10(4):308-326.Li P,Wang L M.Exploration of the seismo-geological features of the Yunnan-West Sichuan Region[J].Scientia Geological Sinica,1975,10(4):308-326.
[17]Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Le Dain A Y,et al.Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia:New insights from simple experiments with plasticine[J].Geology,1982,10(12):611-616.
[18]付碧宏,时丕龙,王萍,等.2008年汶川地震断层北川段的几何学与运动学特征及地震地质灾害效应[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):485-495.Fu B H,Shi P L,Wang P,et al.Geometry and kinematics of the2008 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures around the Qushan Town of Beichuan County,Sichuan:Implications for mitigation of seismic and geologic disasters[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(2):485-495.
[19]Fu B H,Shi P L,Guo H D,et al.Surface deformation related to the2008 Wenchuan earthquake,and mountain building of the Longmen Shan,eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(4):805-824.
[20]李智武,刘树根,陈洪德,等.龙门山冲断带分段-分带性构造格局及其差异变形特征[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):440-454.Li Z W,Liu S G,Chen H D,et al.Structural segmentation and zonation and differential deformation across and along the Lomgmen thrust belt,West Sichuan,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science and Technology Edition),2008,35(4):440-454.
[21]金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,等.川西龙门山褶皱冲断带分带性变形特征[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1072-1080.Jin W Z,Tang L J,Yang K M,et al.Deformation and zonation of the Longmenshan fold and thrust zone in the Western Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(8):1072-1080.
[22]Liu S F,Qian T,Li W P,et al.Oblique closure of the northeastern Paleo-Tethys in central China[J].Tectonics,2015,34(3):413-434.
[23]贾营营,付碧宏,王岩,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山断裂带晚新生代构造地貌生长及水系响应[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(4):825-836.Jia Y Y,Fu B H,Wang Y,et al.Late Cenozoic tectono-geomorphic growth and drainage response in the Longmen Shan fault zone,east margin of Tibet[J].Quaternary Science,2010,30(4):825-836.
[24]李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L,等.青藏高原东缘大陆动力学过程与地质响应[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.Li Y,Zhou R J,Densmore A L,et al.The Response of Geological and Progress of Continental Dynamics of the Eastern Margin Tibetan Plateau[M].Beijing:Geological Press,2006.
[25]Densemore A L,Ellis M,Li Y,et al.Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Tectonics,2007,26(4):TC4005,1-17.
[26]白毛伟,谢小平,陈芝聪,等.龙门山北东段山前涪江第四纪冲洪积扇地貌演化及其构造响应[J].沉积学报,2017,35(1):85-92.Bai M W,Xie X P,Chen Z C,et al.Geomorphological evolution of the Quaternary alluvial fans and its response to tectonic activity along the Fujiang River,northeastern Longmen Shan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2017,35(1):85-92.
[27]刘振东,涂汉明.中国地势起伏度统计单元的初步研究[J].热带地理,1989,9(1):31-38.Liu Z D,Tu H M.Study on statistical unit of relief amplitude in China[J].Tropical Geography,1989,9(1):31-38.
[28]涂汉明,刘振东.中国地势起伏度最佳统计单元的求证[J].湖北大学学报(自然科学版),1990,12(3):266-271.Tu H M,Liu Z D.Demonstrating on optimum statistic unit of relief amplitude in China[J].Journal of Hubei University(Nature Science),1990,12(3):266-271.
[29]陈立春,陈杰,刘进峰,等.龙门山前山断裂北段晚第四纪活动性研究[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):710-722.Chen L C,Chen J,Liu J F,et al.Investigation of late Quaternary activity along the northern range front fault,Longmenshan[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):710-722.
[2]Molnar P,Tapponnier P.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects of a continental collision[J].Science,1975,189(4201):419-426.
[3]Taylor M,Yin A.Active structures of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen and their relationships to earthquake distribution,contemporary strain field,and Cenozoic volcanism[J].Geosphere,2009,5(3):199-214.
[4]张培震,邓起东,张竹琪,等.中国大陆的活动断裂、地震灾害及其动力过程[J].中国科学(地球科学),2013,43(10):1607-1620.Zhang P Z,Deng Q D,Zhang Z Q,et al.Active faults,earthquake hazards and associated geodynamic processes in continental China[J].Scientia Sinica Terrae,2013,43(10):1607-1620.
[5]Chen Z H,Burchfiel B C,Liu Y,et al.Global positioning system measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research(Solid Earth),2000,105(b7):16215-16227.
[6]Fu B H,Awata Y.Displacement and timing of left-lateral faulting in the Kunlun Fault Zone,northern Tibet,inferred from geologic and geomorphic features[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2007,29(2):253-265.
[7]李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑-逆冲作用的地貌标志[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(1):40-51.Li Y,Zhou R J,Densmore A L,et al.Geomorphic evidence for the late cenozoic strike-slipping and thrusting in Longmen mountain at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(1):40-51.
[8]李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑挤压作用的沉积响应[J].沉积学报,2006,24(2):153-164.Li Y,Zhou R J,Densmore A L,et al.Sedimentary responses to late Cenozoic thrusting and strike-slipping of Longmen Shan along eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(2):153-164.
[9]付碧宏,时丕龙,张之武.四川汶川MS8.0大地震地表破裂带的遥感影像解析[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1679-1687.Fu B H,Shi P L,Zhang Z W.Spatial characteristics of the surface rupture produced by the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake using highresolution remote sensing imagery[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12):1679-1687.
[10]路静,张景发,姜文亮,等.龙门山断裂带北段活动特征的遥感地质解译研究[J].地震,2009,29(b10):164-172.Lu J,Zhang J F,Jian W L,et al.Interpretation of active tectonics along the northern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone from RSimages[J].Earthquake,2009,29(b10):164-172.
[11]李勇,黎兵,周荣军,等.剥蚀-沉积体系中剥蚀量与沉积通量的定量对比研究---以岷江流域为例[J].地质学报,2007,81(3):332-343.Li Y,Li B,Zhou R J,et al.The quantitative correlation between denudation volume and flux in the denudation-accumulation system:Examples from Minjiang River drainage system[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(3):332-343.
[12]杨农,张岳桥.龙门山断裂活动和川西高原隆升历史的裂变径迹测年[J].地质力学学报,2010,16(4):359-371.Yang N,Zhang Y Q.Tission-track dating for activity of the Longmenshan fault zone and uplifting of the western Sichuan Plateau[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2010,16(4):359-371.
[13]侯增谦,吕庆田,王安建,等.初论陆-陆碰撞与成矿作用---以青藏高原造山带为例[J].矿床地质,2003,22(4):319-333.Hou Z Q,Lyu Q T,Wang A J,et al.Continental collision and related metallogeny:A case study of mineralization in Tibetan orogen[J].Mineral Deposits,2003,22(4):319-333.
[14]李勇,孙爱珍.龙门山造山带构造地层学研究[J].地层学杂志,2000,24(3):201-206.Li Y,Sun A Z.Tectostratigraphy of Longmenshan orogen[J].Journal of Stratigrephy,2000,24(3):201-206.
[15]高名修.晚新生代地壳构造运动研究[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(4):295-319.Gao M X.Study on late Cenozoic crustal tectonism[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(4):295-319.
[16]李玶,汪良谋.云南川西地区地震地质基本特征的探讨[J].地质科学,1975,10(4):308-326.Li P,Wang L M.Exploration of the seismo-geological features of the Yunnan-West Sichuan Region[J].Scientia Geological Sinica,1975,10(4):308-326.
[17]Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Le Dain A Y,et al.Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia:New insights from simple experiments with plasticine[J].Geology,1982,10(12):611-616.
[18]付碧宏,时丕龙,王萍,等.2008年汶川地震断层北川段的几何学与运动学特征及地震地质灾害效应[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):485-495.Fu B H,Shi P L,Wang P,et al.Geometry and kinematics of the2008 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures around the Qushan Town of Beichuan County,Sichuan:Implications for mitigation of seismic and geologic disasters[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(2):485-495.
[19]Fu B H,Shi P L,Guo H D,et al.Surface deformation related to the2008 Wenchuan earthquake,and mountain building of the Longmen Shan,eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(4):805-824.
[20]李智武,刘树根,陈洪德,等.龙门山冲断带分段-分带性构造格局及其差异变形特征[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):440-454.Li Z W,Liu S G,Chen H D,et al.Structural segmentation and zonation and differential deformation across and along the Lomgmen thrust belt,West Sichuan,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science and Technology Edition),2008,35(4):440-454.
[21]金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,等.川西龙门山褶皱冲断带分带性变形特征[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1072-1080.Jin W Z,Tang L J,Yang K M,et al.Deformation and zonation of the Longmenshan fold and thrust zone in the Western Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(8):1072-1080.
[22]Liu S F,Qian T,Li W P,et al.Oblique closure of the northeastern Paleo-Tethys in central China[J].Tectonics,2015,34(3):413-434.
[23]贾营营,付碧宏,王岩,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山断裂带晚新生代构造地貌生长及水系响应[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(4):825-836.Jia Y Y,Fu B H,Wang Y,et al.Late Cenozoic tectono-geomorphic growth and drainage response in the Longmen Shan fault zone,east margin of Tibet[J].Quaternary Science,2010,30(4):825-836.
[24]李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L,等.青藏高原东缘大陆动力学过程与地质响应[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.Li Y,Zhou R J,Densmore A L,et al.The Response of Geological and Progress of Continental Dynamics of the Eastern Margin Tibetan Plateau[M].Beijing:Geological Press,2006.
[25]Densemore A L,Ellis M,Li Y,et al.Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Tectonics,2007,26(4):TC4005,1-17.
[26]白毛伟,谢小平,陈芝聪,等.龙门山北东段山前涪江第四纪冲洪积扇地貌演化及其构造响应[J].沉积学报,2017,35(1):85-92.Bai M W,Xie X P,Chen Z C,et al.Geomorphological evolution of the Quaternary alluvial fans and its response to tectonic activity along the Fujiang River,northeastern Longmen Shan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2017,35(1):85-92.
[27]刘振东,涂汉明.中国地势起伏度统计单元的初步研究[J].热带地理,1989,9(1):31-38.Liu Z D,Tu H M.Study on statistical unit of relief amplitude in China[J].Tropical Geography,1989,9(1):31-38.
[28]涂汉明,刘振东.中国地势起伏度最佳统计单元的求证[J].湖北大学学报(自然科学版),1990,12(3):266-271.Tu H M,Liu Z D.Demonstrating on optimum statistic unit of relief amplitude in China[J].Journal of Hubei University(Nature Science),1990,12(3):266-271.
[29]陈立春,陈杰,刘进峰,等.龙门山前山断裂北段晚第四纪活动性研究[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):710-722.Chen L C,Chen J,Liu J F,et al.Investigation of late Quaternary activity along the northern range front fault,Longmenshan[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):710-722.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |