大学生科学实验研究能力的培养
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摘要
针对大学生实验能力培养过程中所存在的片面认识和盲目尝试,明确指出,科学实验研究是从确定研究课题、提出研究假设、设计并实施实验,到分析实验结果、提出科学规则或假说并进行书面或口头交流的完整活动过程。科学实验研究能力是复杂心智技能与操作技能有机结合的整体能力。科学实验研究能力的培养具有整体性、自主性和长期性。据此,文章提出大学生科学实验研究能力的培养,必须从鼓励小学生解决自己和身边的实际问题开始,通过开展各种科学实验研究活动并开设不同层次的研究性课程,为学生开放多功能实验室,使学生多次经历自主科学实验研究的全过程,才能使其科学实验研究能力得到全面的培养和提高。
One-sided understanding and blind attempt exist in the process of cultivating college students' experimental ability. In this regard, the author clearly points out that scientific experimental research is a complete process from determining research topics, putting forward research hypotheses, designing and implementing experiments, to analyzing experimental results, putting forward scientific rules or hypotheses and carrying out written or oral communication. Scientific experimental research ability is an integrated ability that combines complex mental skills with operational skills. The cultivation of scientific experimental research ability is holistic, autonomous and long-term. Accordingly, the author points out that the cultivation of students' scientific experimental research ability must start from encouraging pupils to solve their own and practical problems around them. Only by carrying out various scientific experimental research activities and offering research courses at different levels, can students open multi-functional laboratories and experience the whole process of independent scientific experimental research for many times, can their scientific experimental research ability be improved. It has been cultivated and improved comprehensively.
One-sided understanding and blind attempt exist in the process of cultivating college students' experimental ability. In this regard, the author clearly points out that scientific experimental research is a complete process from determining research topics, putting forward research hypotheses, designing and implementing experiments, to analyzing experimental results, putting forward scientific rules or hypotheses and carrying out written or oral communication. Scientific experimental research ability is an integrated ability that combines complex mental skills with operational skills. The cultivation of scientific experimental research ability is holistic, autonomous and long-term. Accordingly, the author points out that the cultivation of students' scientific experimental research ability must start from encouraging pupils to solve their own and practical problems around them. Only by carrying out various scientific experimental research activities and offering research courses at different levels, can students open multi-functional laboratories and experience the whole process of independent scientific experimental research for many times, can their scientific experimental research ability be improved. It has been cultivated and improved comprehensively.
引文
[1]何大源,孙刚.多元化测评培养学生科学素养[J].教育与装备研究,2018(9):88-92.
[2]郝利君.浅谈大学生实验操作能力差的成因及对策[J]. 新西部,2009(8):231-232.
[3]孙冬冬,等.注重学生兴趣加强大学生实验能力培养[J].教育教学论坛,2015(18):249-250.
[4]张思冲,等.地理专业大学生环境科学实验创新能力的培养[J].实验室研究与探索,2012(7):293-296.
[5]金鸣.医学研究生实验能力的培养方法[J].北京生物医学工程,2015(2):192-195.
[6]赵建华.论学生实验能力与实验教学类型间的相关性[J].实验科学与技术,2014(4):124-127.
[7]张华.论物理专业大学生实验能力的培养策略[J].当代教育理论与实践,2013(6):131-132.
[8]黄艳菊,战佩英,杜刚.地方高师院校化学专业本科生实验能力培养的研究[J].通化师范学院学报:自然科学,2015(4):80-84.
[9]黄峰,王贵和.地质工程本科生实验能力培养模式的实践和探索[J].教育教学论坛,2016(41):267-269.
[10]嵇敏,李舍梅.大学生科研能力培养之TRSI 模式探究[J].高教论坛,2017(8):66-69.
[11]屠华.大学物理实验层次性教学与学生能力培养的研究[J].实验室科学,2015(1):117-119.
[12]张丰,等.研究生如何培养独立的科学研究能力[J].西北医学教育,2014(1):77-78.
[13][17][18]Badke, W. (2012). Helping Adult Students Develop Research Skills for the Workplace[EB/OL].The Evolllution, 27 June 2012. Retrieved on 7 January 2018 from: https://evolllution.com/opinions/helping?adult-students-develop-research-skills-for-the-workplace/.
[14]Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R., & Lowe, A. Management Research:An Introduction (2nd ed.)[M].Sage: London,2002.
[15]孙芳,刘鹏,李殿伟.高师院校学生实验能力培养模式的探索[J].黑龙江高教研究,2013(10):149-151.
[16]Thomas, A.B. Research skills for management studies[M].Routledge: London,2004.
[2]郝利君.浅谈大学生实验操作能力差的成因及对策[J]. 新西部,2009(8):231-232.
[3]孙冬冬,等.注重学生兴趣加强大学生实验能力培养[J].教育教学论坛,2015(18):249-250.
[4]张思冲,等.地理专业大学生环境科学实验创新能力的培养[J].实验室研究与探索,2012(7):293-296.
[5]金鸣.医学研究生实验能力的培养方法[J].北京生物医学工程,2015(2):192-195.
[6]赵建华.论学生实验能力与实验教学类型间的相关性[J].实验科学与技术,2014(4):124-127.
[7]张华.论物理专业大学生实验能力的培养策略[J].当代教育理论与实践,2013(6):131-132.
[8]黄艳菊,战佩英,杜刚.地方高师院校化学专业本科生实验能力培养的研究[J].通化师范学院学报:自然科学,2015(4):80-84.
[9]黄峰,王贵和.地质工程本科生实验能力培养模式的实践和探索[J].教育教学论坛,2016(41):267-269.
[10]嵇敏,李舍梅.大学生科研能力培养之TRSI 模式探究[J].高教论坛,2017(8):66-69.
[11]屠华.大学物理实验层次性教学与学生能力培养的研究[J].实验室科学,2015(1):117-119.
[12]张丰,等.研究生如何培养独立的科学研究能力[J].西北医学教育,2014(1):77-78.
[13][17][18]Badke, W. (2012). Helping Adult Students Develop Research Skills for the Workplace[EB/OL].The Evolllution, 27 June 2012. Retrieved on 7 January 2018 from: https://evolllution.com/opinions/helping?adult-students-develop-research-skills-for-the-workplace/.
[14]Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R., & Lowe, A. Management Research:An Introduction (2nd ed.)[M].Sage: London,2002.
[15]孙芳,刘鹏,李殿伟.高师院校学生实验能力培养模式的探索[J].黑龙江高教研究,2013(10):149-151.
[16]Thomas, A.B. Research skills for management studies[M].Routledge: London,2004.
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