新疆喀纳斯景区表层土壤磁学特征及环境意义
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摘要
为探究环境磁学方法在景区土壤污染监测中的可行性,以新疆5A级景区喀纳斯为研究区域,采集表层土壤样品72个,并对其进行系统的环境磁学分析。结果表明:喀纳斯景区土壤磁性矿物平均含量较高,磁学矿物主要由亚铁磁性矿物构成,并含有少量的不完全反铁磁性矿物。磁晶颗粒主要为粗颗粒多畴,同时存在较少的超顺磁颗粒。磁参数空间分布表明,磁性矿物含量参数(χLF、SIRM、SOFT、HIRM)在湖口旅游区表现出高值,新村、老村和旅游接待地呈现相对低值;其他参数(χFD%、S-ratio、SIRM/χLF)空间分布规律与含量磁性参数基本呈相反趋势;研究区的磁性高值点分布与景区人类活动密集区、建筑物及道路的分布具有一致性;湖口旅游区较高的磁性值主要与较强的自然成土作用有关,其他区域的磁性高值点主要受旅游活动的影响。因此,借助土壤磁学方法能够有效区分和圈定景区土壤人为污染范围,为景区土壤污染防治和旅游规划提供参考依据。
In order to explore the feasibility of environmental magnetism method in monitoring soil pollution in scenic spots, 72 samples of topsoils were collected from Kanas 5 A scenic spot in Xinjiang. The results showed that the average content of soil magnetic minerals was high in Kanas scenic spot. The magnetic properties of topsoils were predominated by ferromagnetic minerals and a small amount of anti-ferromagnetic minerals. The magnetic grains were mainly coarser multidomain(MD)particles and fewer superparamagnetic particles(SP). The parameters of χLF, SIRM, SOFT and HIRM were higher in lake-outlet tourism area but lower in new villages, old villages and tourist reception areas, the other parameters of χFD%, S-ratio and SIRM/χLF were on the contrary. The distribution of high magnetic sites was consistent with the distribution of intensive human activity areas,buildings and roads in the scenic spot. The high magnetic value of lake-outlet tourism area was mainly related to the stronger natural soil formation, and the high magnetic sites in other regions are mainly influenced by the tourism activities. Therefore, the scope of man-made pollution could be effectively distinguished and delineated in the scenic area by soil magnetic method, and it provides a reference for the prevention and control of soil pollution and tourism planning.
In order to explore the feasibility of environmental magnetism method in monitoring soil pollution in scenic spots, 72 samples of topsoils were collected from Kanas 5 A scenic spot in Xinjiang. The results showed that the average content of soil magnetic minerals was high in Kanas scenic spot. The magnetic properties of topsoils were predominated by ferromagnetic minerals and a small amount of anti-ferromagnetic minerals. The magnetic grains were mainly coarser multidomain(MD)particles and fewer superparamagnetic particles(SP). The parameters of χLF, SIRM, SOFT and HIRM were higher in lake-outlet tourism area but lower in new villages, old villages and tourist reception areas, the other parameters of χFD%, S-ratio and SIRM/χLF were on the contrary. The distribution of high magnetic sites was consistent with the distribution of intensive human activity areas,buildings and roads in the scenic spot. The high magnetic value of lake-outlet tourism area was mainly related to the stronger natural soil formation, and the high magnetic sites in other regions are mainly influenced by the tourism activities. Therefore, the scope of man-made pollution could be effectively distinguished and delineated in the scenic area by soil magnetic method, and it provides a reference for the prevention and control of soil pollution and tourism planning.
引文
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[14]刘德新,马建华,孙艳丽,等.开封市城市土壤磁化率空间分布及对重金属污染的指示意义[J].土壤学报,2014(6):1242-1250
[15]薛勇,胡雪峰,叶荣,等.上海宝山不同功能区表土磁化率特征及对重金属污染的指示作用[J].土壤通报,2016(5):1245-1252
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[17]房妮,张俊辉,王瑾,等.西安城市不同功能区街道灰尘磁学特征及环境污染分析[J].环境科学,2017(3):924-935
[18]郭高山,李永涛.武汉市道路尘埃污染中磁学指标与重金属含量对比[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(3):868-877
[19]陈学刚,魏疆,孙慧兰,等.乌鲁木齐市土壤环境磁学特征及其空间变化研究[J].干旱区地理(汉文版),2014,37(2):265-273
[20]赵珊珊,王勇辉.夏尔希里地区土壤磁化率、重金属特征及相关性分析[J].土壤,2016,48(6):1179-1187
[21]阿衣努尔.新疆喀纳斯旅游经济发展研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013
[22]唐高溶,郑伟,王祥,等.旅游对喀纳斯景区植被和土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量特征的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(8):1476-1485
[23]Walden J,Oldfield F,Smith J.Environmental magnetism:A practical guide[M].London:Quaternary Research Association,1999:1-243
[24]刘青松,邓成龙,潘永信.磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿磁化率的温度和频率特性及其环境磁学意义[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(6):955-962
[25]谭洁,周卫军,陈恋,等.澧阳平原杉龙岗遗址埋藏古水稻土磁性矿物特性[J].土壤,2017,49(5):1032-1037
[26]卢升高.土壤频率磁化率与矿物粒度的关系及其环境意义[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2000,8(1):9-15
[27]张卫国,俞立中.环境磁学研究的简介[J].地球物理学进展,1995,10(3):95-105
[28]张春霞,黄宝春,李震宇,等.高速公路附近树叶的磁学性质及其对环境污染的指示意义[J].科学通报,2006,51(12):1459-1468
[29]卢升高,董瑞斌,俞劲炎,等.中国东部红土的磁性及其环境意义[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(6):764-771
[30]Dearing J.Magnetic Susceptibility[C]//Environmental magnetism a practical guide.Technical guide,No.6.London:Quaternary Research Association,1999:35-62
[31]夏敦胜,马剑英,王冠,等.环境磁学及其在西北干旱区环境研究中的问题[J].地学前缘,2006,13(3):168-179
[32]杨涵,熊黑钢,陈学刚.石河子市土壤环境磁学特征及空间分布研究[J].环境科学,2014(9):3537-3545
[33]朱艳明,郭小蕾,周力平.北京地区表土磁性特征及其环境意义[J].科学通报,2010(17):1717-1725
[34]许淑婧,张英,余晔,等.西北干旱区黄河沿岸典型工业带表土磁性特征及其环境意义[J].环境科学,2013,34(9):3578-3586
[35]袁大刚,张甘霖.城市道路区土壤的磁学性质及其发生学意义[J].土壤学报,2008,45(2):216-221
[2]Ali M M,Murphy K J,Langendorff J,et al.Interrelations of river ship traffic with aquatic plants in the river Nile,Upper Egypt[J].Hydrobiologia,1999,415:93-100
[3]王舒甜,张金池,郑丹扬,等.钟山风景区土壤环境对人为踩踏扰动的响应[J].林业科学,2017,53(8):9-16
[4]金亚征,郑志新,常美花,等.旅游活动对草原植被、土壤环境的影响及控制对策[J].草业科学,2017,34(2):310-320
[5]赵建昌.旅游干扰对贺兰山典型草原生物多样性及土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(3):293-298
[6]张茜,杨东旭,钟永德,等.黄石寨景区旅游活动对典型植物群落的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2017,29(7):1158-1165
[7]曹丽娟.旅游干扰对河南云台山风景区土壤质量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(4):67-71
[8]马剑,刘贤德,何晓玲,等.旅游干扰对祁连山风景区土壤性质的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(5):924-930
[9]陈轶楠.晋南某钢厂及其周边农田土壤重金属含量分析与污染状况评价[D].山西临汾:山西师范大学,2013
[10]Kapicka A,Jordanova N,Petrovsky E,et al.Magnetic stability of power-plant fly ash in different soil solutions[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Part A:Solid Earth and Geodesy,2000,25(5):431-436
[11]Petrovsky E,Kapi?ka A,Jordanova N,et al.Magnetic properties of alluvial soils contaminated with lead,zinc and cadmium[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2001,48(2):127-136
[12]郑妍,张世红.北京市区尘土与表土的磁学性质及其环境意义[J].科学通报,2007,52(20):2399-2406
[13]卢升高,白世强.杭州城区土壤的磁性与磁性矿物学及其环境意义[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):762-769
[14]刘德新,马建华,孙艳丽,等.开封市城市土壤磁化率空间分布及对重金属污染的指示意义[J].土壤学报,2014(6):1242-1250
[15]薛勇,胡雪峰,叶荣,等.上海宝山不同功能区表土磁化率特征及对重金属污染的指示作用[J].土壤通报,2016(5):1245-1252
[16]周洪英.徐州城市表层土壤重金属污染特征与环境磁学响应[D].江苏徐州:中国矿业大学,2016
[17]房妮,张俊辉,王瑾,等.西安城市不同功能区街道灰尘磁学特征及环境污染分析[J].环境科学,2017(3):924-935
[18]郭高山,李永涛.武汉市道路尘埃污染中磁学指标与重金属含量对比[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(3):868-877
[19]陈学刚,魏疆,孙慧兰,等.乌鲁木齐市土壤环境磁学特征及其空间变化研究[J].干旱区地理(汉文版),2014,37(2):265-273
[20]赵珊珊,王勇辉.夏尔希里地区土壤磁化率、重金属特征及相关性分析[J].土壤,2016,48(6):1179-1187
[21]阿衣努尔.新疆喀纳斯旅游经济发展研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013
[22]唐高溶,郑伟,王祥,等.旅游对喀纳斯景区植被和土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量特征的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(8):1476-1485
[23]Walden J,Oldfield F,Smith J.Environmental magnetism:A practical guide[M].London:Quaternary Research Association,1999:1-243
[24]刘青松,邓成龙,潘永信.磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿磁化率的温度和频率特性及其环境磁学意义[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(6):955-962
[25]谭洁,周卫军,陈恋,等.澧阳平原杉龙岗遗址埋藏古水稻土磁性矿物特性[J].土壤,2017,49(5):1032-1037
[26]卢升高.土壤频率磁化率与矿物粒度的关系及其环境意义[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2000,8(1):9-15
[27]张卫国,俞立中.环境磁学研究的简介[J].地球物理学进展,1995,10(3):95-105
[28]张春霞,黄宝春,李震宇,等.高速公路附近树叶的磁学性质及其对环境污染的指示意义[J].科学通报,2006,51(12):1459-1468
[29]卢升高,董瑞斌,俞劲炎,等.中国东部红土的磁性及其环境意义[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(6):764-771
[30]Dearing J.Magnetic Susceptibility[C]//Environmental magnetism a practical guide.Technical guide,No.6.London:Quaternary Research Association,1999:35-62
[31]夏敦胜,马剑英,王冠,等.环境磁学及其在西北干旱区环境研究中的问题[J].地学前缘,2006,13(3):168-179
[32]杨涵,熊黑钢,陈学刚.石河子市土壤环境磁学特征及空间分布研究[J].环境科学,2014(9):3537-3545
[33]朱艳明,郭小蕾,周力平.北京地区表土磁性特征及其环境意义[J].科学通报,2010(17):1717-1725
[34]许淑婧,张英,余晔,等.西北干旱区黄河沿岸典型工业带表土磁性特征及其环境意义[J].环境科学,2013,34(9):3578-3586
[35]袁大刚,张甘霖.城市道路区土壤的磁学性质及其发生学意义[J].土壤学报,2008,45(2):216-221
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