辉腾锡勒风电场草地生态系统健康评价
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摘要
风能作为清洁的可再生能源,可以减少对化石燃料的依赖,因而近年来发展迅速。但风电设施在安装和运行过程中,评价其对环境产生的影响却尚未得到足够的重视。以1995、1999、2005、2010、2015年TM影像作为研究的基础数据源,采用GIS和RS技术,提取辉腾锡勒风电场草地5个时期的土地利用空间格局和指标信息,运用PSR框架模型,从压力、状态、响应3个方面选取10个评价指标构建辉腾锡勒风电场草地生态系统健康评价指标体系,采用AHP法确定各指标的权重,最后利用综合指数法(CEI)对研究区生态系统健康进行时空动态评价。结果表明,1995、1999、2005年生态系统健康指数为0.788 9、0.730 2、0.634 9,辉腾锡勒风电场草地生态系统状态为健康;2010、2015年生态系统健康指数为0.424 7、0.401 3,辉腾锡勒风电场草地生态系统状态处于亚健康状态。选取灰色系统理论预测模型为理论基础,建立辉腾锡勒风电场草地生态系统健康预测模型GM(1,1),经过对模型的精度检验,预测模型精度较为理想,因此采用GM(1,1)模型对研究区进行生态系统健康进行预测,结果表明,未来20a辉腾锡勒风电场草地生态系统健康指数分别为0.304 6、0.242 0、0.193 7、0.155 0,生态系统健康状况由一般病态向病态发展,应及时采取措施对研究区生态系统进行保护。
As a clean and renewable energy source,wind energy can reduce the reliance on fossil fuels,which has been developed rapidly in recent years.However,in the process of installation and operation little attention has been paid to the negative impact of wind power facilities on the environment.In this study,TM images of 1999,2005,1995,2010,2015 were used as the basic data resources,from which the land use spatial patter and index information of Huitengxile Wind Farm in Inner Mongolia were extracted by using GIS and RS technology.The PSR framework model was used to select 10 evaluation indexes from three aspects of pressure,state and response to construct the ecosystem health evaluation index system of the grassland ecosystem in the wind farm.The weight of each index was determined by AHP method,and the spatial and temporal dynamic evaluation of ecosystem health in the study area was carried out by comprehensive evaluation index(CEI).The results of the study showed that the ecosystem health indexes in 1995,1999 and2005 were 0.788 9,0.730 2 and 0.634 9,respectively,indicating that the wind farm grassland ecosystem status was healthy in these years.The ecosystem health indexes in 2010 and 2015 were 0.424 7 and0.401 3,respectively,which demonstrated that the wind farm grassland ecosystem status was sub-healthy.Finally,the grey system theory prediction model was selected as the theoretical basis,and the grassland ecosystem health prediction model GM(1,1)of the wind farm was established.After the accuracy test of the model,the accuracy of the prediction model was satisfactory.Therefore,the GM(1,1)model was used to predict the ecosystem health of the study area.The results showed that the grassland ecosystem health indexed of the wind farm in the next 20 years would be 0.304 6,0.242 0,0.193 7,0.155 0,respectively,which showed that the health status of the ecosystem would develop from general morbidity to morbidity,and measures should be taken in time to protect the ecosystem of the study area.
As a clean and renewable energy source,wind energy can reduce the reliance on fossil fuels,which has been developed rapidly in recent years.However,in the process of installation and operation little attention has been paid to the negative impact of wind power facilities on the environment.In this study,TM images of 1999,2005,1995,2010,2015 were used as the basic data resources,from which the land use spatial patter and index information of Huitengxile Wind Farm in Inner Mongolia were extracted by using GIS and RS technology.The PSR framework model was used to select 10 evaluation indexes from three aspects of pressure,state and response to construct the ecosystem health evaluation index system of the grassland ecosystem in the wind farm.The weight of each index was determined by AHP method,and the spatial and temporal dynamic evaluation of ecosystem health in the study area was carried out by comprehensive evaluation index(CEI).The results of the study showed that the ecosystem health indexes in 1995,1999 and2005 were 0.788 9,0.730 2 and 0.634 9,respectively,indicating that the wind farm grassland ecosystem status was healthy in these years.The ecosystem health indexes in 2010 and 2015 were 0.424 7 and0.401 3,respectively,which demonstrated that the wind farm grassland ecosystem status was sub-healthy.Finally,the grey system theory prediction model was selected as the theoretical basis,and the grassland ecosystem health prediction model GM(1,1)of the wind farm was established.After the accuracy test of the model,the accuracy of the prediction model was satisfactory.Therefore,the GM(1,1)model was used to predict the ecosystem health of the study area.The results showed that the grassland ecosystem health indexed of the wind farm in the next 20 years would be 0.304 6,0.242 0,0.193 7,0.155 0,respectively,which showed that the health status of the ecosystem would develop from general morbidity to morbidity,and measures should be taken in time to protect the ecosystem of the study area.
引文
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[11]牛明香,王俊,徐宾铎.基于PSR的黄河河口区生态系统健康评价[J].生态学报,2017,37(3):943-952.NIU M X,WANG J,XU B D.Assessment of the ecosystem health of the Yellow River estuary based on the pressure-response model[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(3):943-952.(in Chinese)
[12]周晓蔚,王丽萍,郑丙辉.长江口及毗邻海域生态系统健康评价研究[J].水利学报,2011,42(10):1201-1217.
[13]许旭,李晓兵,梁涵玮,等.内蒙古温带草原区植被盖度变化及其与气象因子的关系[J].生态学报,2010,30(14):3733-3743.
[14]张连义,张静祥,赛音吉亚,等.典型草原植被生物量遥感监测模型---以锡林郭勒盟为例[J].草业科学,2008,25(4):31-36.
[15]陈颐,林毅伟,朱志鹏,等.基于RS和GIS的莆田市土地利用景观格局变化分析[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):279-286.CHEN Y,LIN Y W,ZHU Z P,et al.Changes of land use and landscape pattern in Putian based on RS and GIS[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(1):279-286.(in Chinese)
[16]王吉斌,刘晓双,李才文.基于SPOT影像的四川省剑阁县景观格局现状分析[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(2):257-261.WANG J B,LIU X S,LI C W.SPOT 5based landscape pattern analysis of Jiange county in Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(2):257-261.(in Chinese)
[17]徐明德,李静,彭静,等.基于RS和GIS的生态系统健康评价[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(8):1809-1814.XU M D,LI J,PENG J,et al.Ecosystem health assessment based on RS and GIS[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(8):1809-1814.(in Chinese)
[18]虞依娜,彭少麟.生态系统服务价值评估的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(9):2246-2252.YU Y N,PENG S L.Review on evaluation of ecosystem services[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(9):2246-2252.(in Chinese)
[19]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196.XIE G D,LU C X,LENG Y F,et al.Ecological assets valuation of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Natural Resources,18(2):189-196.(in Chinese)
[20]赵敏敏,周立华,陈勇,等.生态政策驱动下的内蒙古自治区杭锦旗土地利用及生态系统服务价值变化[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(3):842-850.
[21]孙红卫,吕春燕,祁爱琴,等.综合评价中数据标准化的原理研究[J].中国卫生统计,2015,32(2):342-344,349.
[22]林倩.辽河口湿地景观演变与生态系统健康评价研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009.
[23]郭锐利,郑钦玉,刘娟,等.基于熵值法和GM(1,1)模型的重庆城市生态系统健康评价[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(6):1148-1152.GUO R L,ZHENG Q Y,LIU J,et al.Ecosystem health assessment of Chongqing city based on entropy and GM(1,1)model[J].China Environment-al Science,2012,32(6):1148-1152.(in Chinese)
[24]朱卫红,苗承玉,郑小军,等.基于3S技术的图们江流域湿地生态安全评价与预警研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(6):1379-1390.ZHU W H,MIAO C Y,ZHENG XJ,et al.Study on ecological safety evaluation and warning of wetlands in Tumen River watershed on 3Stechnology[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(6):1379-1390.(in Chinese)
[2]LENG D Y C,YANG Y.Wind energy development and its environmental impact:a review[J].Renewable and Sus-tainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(1):131-1039.
[3]SUN S P,LIU F L,XUE S,et al.Review on wind power development in China:current situation and improvement strategies to realize future development[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,45:589-599.
[4]李国庆,刘志锋,常学礼,等.风电场对草地蒸散发影响分析[J].生态科学,2016,35(6):146-151.LI G Q,LIU Z F,CHANG X L,et al.Effects of wind farms on grassland regional surface evapotranspiration[J].Ecological Science,2016,35(6):146-151.(in Chinese)
[5]李国庆,李晓兵.风电场对环境的影响研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(8):1017-1026.
[6]于贵勇.中国风电地标--辉腾锡勒[J].风能,2010,8(1):30-36.
[7]徐浩田,周林飞,成遣.基于PSR模型的凌河口湿地生态系统健康评价与预警研究[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):1-11.XU H T,ZHOU L F,CHENG Q.Study on ecosystem health evaluation and risk assessment for Linghekou wetlands based on a PSR model[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(24):1-11.(in Chinese)
[8]张韬,孟勐,曹阳,等.辉腾锡勒风电场建设对草原景观格局的影响[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(12):1899-1905.ZHANG T,MENG M,CAO Y,et al.The influence of the construction of Huitengxile wind farm on the landcape pattern of grassland[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(12):1899-1905.(in Chinese)
[9]马保连,燕红,朱宗元,等.内蒙古辉腾锡勒自然保护区植物资源[J].内蒙古环境保护,2006,18(2):52-54.
[10]赵晓冬.内蒙古乌兰察布辉腾锡勒200MW风电场工程概况[J].内蒙古环境科学,2009(Supp.1):199-202.
[11]牛明香,王俊,徐宾铎.基于PSR的黄河河口区生态系统健康评价[J].生态学报,2017,37(3):943-952.NIU M X,WANG J,XU B D.Assessment of the ecosystem health of the Yellow River estuary based on the pressure-response model[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(3):943-952.(in Chinese)
[12]周晓蔚,王丽萍,郑丙辉.长江口及毗邻海域生态系统健康评价研究[J].水利学报,2011,42(10):1201-1217.
[13]许旭,李晓兵,梁涵玮,等.内蒙古温带草原区植被盖度变化及其与气象因子的关系[J].生态学报,2010,30(14):3733-3743.
[14]张连义,张静祥,赛音吉亚,等.典型草原植被生物量遥感监测模型---以锡林郭勒盟为例[J].草业科学,2008,25(4):31-36.
[15]陈颐,林毅伟,朱志鹏,等.基于RS和GIS的莆田市土地利用景观格局变化分析[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):279-286.CHEN Y,LIN Y W,ZHU Z P,et al.Changes of land use and landscape pattern in Putian based on RS and GIS[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(1):279-286.(in Chinese)
[16]王吉斌,刘晓双,李才文.基于SPOT影像的四川省剑阁县景观格局现状分析[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(2):257-261.WANG J B,LIU X S,LI C W.SPOT 5based landscape pattern analysis of Jiange county in Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(2):257-261.(in Chinese)
[17]徐明德,李静,彭静,等.基于RS和GIS的生态系统健康评价[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(8):1809-1814.XU M D,LI J,PENG J,et al.Ecosystem health assessment based on RS and GIS[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(8):1809-1814.(in Chinese)
[18]虞依娜,彭少麟.生态系统服务价值评估的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(9):2246-2252.YU Y N,PENG S L.Review on evaluation of ecosystem services[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(9):2246-2252.(in Chinese)
[19]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196.XIE G D,LU C X,LENG Y F,et al.Ecological assets valuation of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Natural Resources,18(2):189-196.(in Chinese)
[20]赵敏敏,周立华,陈勇,等.生态政策驱动下的内蒙古自治区杭锦旗土地利用及生态系统服务价值变化[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(3):842-850.
[21]孙红卫,吕春燕,祁爱琴,等.综合评价中数据标准化的原理研究[J].中国卫生统计,2015,32(2):342-344,349.
[22]林倩.辽河口湿地景观演变与生态系统健康评价研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009.
[23]郭锐利,郑钦玉,刘娟,等.基于熵值法和GM(1,1)模型的重庆城市生态系统健康评价[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(6):1148-1152.GUO R L,ZHENG Q Y,LIU J,et al.Ecosystem health assessment of Chongqing city based on entropy and GM(1,1)model[J].China Environment-al Science,2012,32(6):1148-1152.(in Chinese)
[24]朱卫红,苗承玉,郑小军,等.基于3S技术的图们江流域湿地生态安全评价与预警研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(6):1379-1390.ZHU W H,MIAO C Y,ZHENG XJ,et al.Study on ecological safety evaluation and warning of wetlands in Tumen River watershed on 3Stechnology[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(6):1379-1390.(in Chinese)
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