考虑主裂缝的页岩气产能预测模型
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摘要
多级压裂水平井裂缝形态复杂性增加了页岩气产能预测的难度,基于裂缝形态为"主裂缝+复杂裂缝网络"的情况,建立考虑主裂缝的页岩气三孔线性流数学模型,通过无因次化和Laplace变换求得拉式空间下产量解析解,编程计算得到三孔模型产量典型曲线,其中裂缝线性流为主裂缝与复杂裂缝网络系统的共同作用。对比三孔模型与双孔模型,三孔模型增加了主裂缝系统,主裂缝不仅决定着页岩储层中气体的流动模式,同时影响着页岩气井的产量。分析主裂缝对产量的影响,结果表明:裂缝半长x_F影响流动的每个阶段,x_F越大产量越高,流动到达边界时间越早;缝宽w_F影响裂缝线性流和过渡流阶段,w_F越大产量越高,但裂缝线性流阶段持续时间不变,过渡流持续时间缩短;x_F对产量的影响程度大于w_F。三孔模型的建立,不仅能指导页岩气井压裂施工,而且为存在主裂缝的页岩气多级压裂水平井提供了产能预测和分析模型,提高了页岩气井产量预测的精度。
The complexity of fracture geometry for multi-stage fractured horizontal well increases the difficulty in predicting shale gas productivity.Based on the assumption that the fracture geometry includes main fractures and complex fracture network system,the tri-porosity linear flow model for shale gas multi-stage fractured horizontal well considering the main fractures is established.The Laplace space solution is obtained by dimensionless treatment and Laplace transformation,then the new type curves are drawn by programming calculation,which shows that both the main fractures and the fracture network contribute the fracture linear flow.Compared with the dual-porosity model,the tri-porosity model increases the main fractures system that not only determines the seepage flow pattern in shale reservoir,but also affects the production of shale gas well.Analysis of the effect of the main fracture system on the shale gas production shows that:Firstly,the fracture half-length x_F affects each flow stage,the lager the x_F is,the higher the production is,the sooner the flow reaches the boundary.Besides,the fracture width w_F affects fracture linear flow stage and transitional flow stage,the larger the w_F is,the higher the production is,but the fracture linear flow duration isconstant,and the duration of transitional flow is shortened.At last,the effect of x_F on productionis greater than w_F .The tri-porosity model can not only guide shale gas well fracturing operation,but also provide a productivity prediction and analysis method for multi-stage fractured horizontal well with main fractures,and improve the accuracy of production prediction.
The complexity of fracture geometry for multi-stage fractured horizontal well increases the difficulty in predicting shale gas productivity.Based on the assumption that the fracture geometry includes main fractures and complex fracture network system,the tri-porosity linear flow model for shale gas multi-stage fractured horizontal well considering the main fractures is established.The Laplace space solution is obtained by dimensionless treatment and Laplace transformation,then the new type curves are drawn by programming calculation,which shows that both the main fractures and the fracture network contribute the fracture linear flow.Compared with the dual-porosity model,the tri-porosity model increases the main fractures system that not only determines the seepage flow pattern in shale reservoir,but also affects the production of shale gas well.Analysis of the effect of the main fracture system on the shale gas production shows that:Firstly,the fracture half-length x_F affects each flow stage,the lager the x_F is,the higher the production is,the sooner the flow reaches the boundary.Besides,the fracture width w_F affects fracture linear flow stage and transitional flow stage,the larger the w_F is,the higher the production is,but the fracture linear flow duration isconstant,and the duration of transitional flow is shortened.At last,the effect of x_F on productionis greater than w_F .The tri-porosity model can not only guide shale gas well fracturing operation,but also provide a productivity prediction and analysis method for multi-stage fractured horizontal well with main fractures,and improve the accuracy of production prediction.
引文
[1]Zhang Xiaolong,Zhang Tongwei,Li Yanfang,et al.Research advance in exploration and development of shale gas[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2013,25(2):116-122.张小龙,张同伟,李艳芳,等.页岩气勘探和开发进展综述[J].岩性油气藏,2013,25(2):116-122.
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[4]Gui Zhixian,Zhu Guangsheng.Research advances of microseismic monitoring[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(4):68-76桂志先,朱广生.微震监测研究进展[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(4):68-76.
[5]Cipolla C L,Warpinski N R,Mayerhofer M J.Hydraulic fracture complexity:Diagnosis,remediation,and exploitation[C]//SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2008.
[6]Cipolla C L,Lolon E,Erdle J C,et al.Reservoir modeling in shale-gas reservoirs[C]//SPE Eastern Regional Meeting.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2009.
[7]Clarkson C R,Pedersen P K.Tight oil production analysis:Adaptation of existing rate-transient analysis techniques[C]//Canadian Unconventional Resources and International Petroleum Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010.
[8]Cinco L,Samaniego V,Dominguez A.Transient pressure behavior for a well with a finite-conductivity vertical fracture[J].Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal,1978,18(4):253-264.
[9]Wattenbarger R A,El-Banbi A H,Villegas M E,et al.Production analysis of linear flow into fractured tight gas wells[C]//SPE Rocky Mountain Regional/low-permeability Reservoirs Symposium.Society of Petroleum Engineers,1998.
[10]Al Ahmadi H A,Almarzooq A M,Wattenbarger R A.Application of linear flow analysis to shale gas wells-field cases[C]//SPE Unconventional Gas Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010.
[11]Anderson D M,Nobakht M,Moghadam S,et al.Analysis of production data from fractured shale gas wells[C]//SPE Unconventional Gas Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010.
[12]Nobakht M,Mattar L,Moghadam S,et al.Simplified forecasting of tight/shale-gas production in linear flow[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2012,51(6):476-486.
[13]Nobakht M,Clarkson C R.Analysis of production data in shale gas reservoirs:Rigorous corrections for fluid and flow properties[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2012,8:85-98.
[14]Nobakht M,Ambrose R J,Clarkson C R.Effect of heterogeneity in a horizontal well with multiple fractures on the longterm forecast in shale gas reservoirs[C]//Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2011.
[15]Bello R O,Wattenbarger R A.Modelling and analysis of shale gas production with a skin effect[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2010,49(12):37-48.
[16]Moghadam S,Mattar L,Pooladi-Darvish M.Dual porosity typecurves for shale gas reservoirs[C]//Canadian Unconventional Resources and International Petroleum Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010.
[17]Brown M,Ozkan E,Raghavan R,et al.Practical solutions for pressure-transient responses of fractured horizontal wells in unconventional shale reservoirs[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2011,14(6):663-676.
[18]Ozkan E,Brown M L,Raghavan R,et al.Comparison of fractured-horizontal-well performance in tight sand and shale reservoirs[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2011,14(2):248-259.
[19]Brohi I G,Pooladi-Darvish M,Aguilera R.Modeling fractured horizontal wells as dual porosity composite reservoirs-application to tight gas,shale gas and tight oil cases[C]//SPE Western North American Region Meeting.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2011.
[20]Xu Bingxiang,Li Xiangfang,Haghighi M,et al.A new model for production analysis in naturally fractured shale gas reservoirs[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2013,37(6):92-99.徐兵祥,李相方,Haghighi M,等.裂缝性页岩气藏水平井产能预测模型[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(6):92-99.
[21]Zhao Jinzhou,Fu Dongyu,Li Yongming,et al.Analysis of sensitive factors about multistage fractured well productivity in shale gas reservoir based on modified trilinear flow model[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(7):1324-1331.赵金洲,符东宇,李勇明,等.基于改进三线性流模型的多级压裂页岩气井产能影响因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(7):1324-1331.
[22]Chuprakov D A,Akulich A,Siebrits E,et al.Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in a Naturally Fractured Reservoir[C]//SPE Oil and Gas India Conference and Exhibition.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010.
[23]Fraim M L.Gas reservoir decline-curve analysis using type curves with real gas pseudopressure and normalized time[J].SPE Formation Evaluation,1987,2(4):671-682.
[24]Liao Xinwei,Shen Pingping.Modern Well Test Analysis[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:174-175.廖新维,沈平平.现代试井分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:174-175.
[25]Zhang Lei,Li Xiangfang,Xu Bingxiang,et al.Productivity evaluating theoretical model of the fractured shale-gas horizontal wells considering gas slippage effect[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2013,32(3):157-163.张磊,李相方,徐兵祥,等.考虑滑脱效应的页岩气压裂水平井产能评价理论模型[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2013,32(3):157-163.
[26]Zhang Shicheng,Guo Tiankui,Zhou Tong,et al.Fracture propagation mechanism experiment of hydraulic fracturing in natural shale[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):496-503,518.张士诚,郭天魁,周彤,等.天然页岩压裂裂缝扩展机理试验[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):496-503,518.
[27]Zhao Zhihong,Huang Chao,Guo Jianchun,et al.Feasibility of complex fracture networks under simultaneous fracturing in shale reservoirs[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2016,23(5):615-619.赵志红,黄超,郭建春,等.页岩储层中同步压裂形成复杂缝网可行性研究[J].断块油气田,2016,23(5):615-619.
[28]Lu Cheng,Liu Xiong,Cheng Minhua,et al.Sensitivity analysis of hydraulic fracturing horizontal wells in shale gas reservoir[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2013,20(5):114-117.陆程,刘雄,程敏华,等.页岩气藏开发中水力压裂水平井敏感参数分析[J].特种油气藏,2013,20(5):114-117.
[29]Song Hongqing,Liu Qipeng,Yu Mingxu,et al.Characteristics of gas flow and productivity of fractured wells in shale gas sediments[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2014,36(2):139-144.宋洪庆,刘启鹏,于明旭,等.页岩气渗流特征及压裂井产能[J].北京科技大学学报,2014(2):139-144.
[2]Huang Jizhong.Exploration prospect of shale gas and coal-bed methane in Sichuan Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(2):116-120.黄籍中.四川盆地页岩气与煤层气勘探前景分析[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(2):116-120.
[3]Chen Zuo,Xue Chengjin,Jiang Tingxue,et al.Proposals for the application of fracturing by stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)in shale gas wells in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(10):33-38.陈作,薛承瑾,蒋廷学,等.页岩气井体积压裂技术在我国的应用建议[J].天然气工业,2010,30(10):33-38
[4]Gui Zhixian,Zhu Guangsheng.Research advances of microseismic monitoring[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(4):68-76桂志先,朱广生.微震监测研究进展[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(4):68-76.
[5]Cipolla C L,Warpinski N R,Mayerhofer M J.Hydraulic fracture complexity:Diagnosis,remediation,and exploitation[C]//SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2008.
[6]Cipolla C L,Lolon E,Erdle J C,et al.Reservoir modeling in shale-gas reservoirs[C]//SPE Eastern Regional Meeting.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2009.
[7]Clarkson C R,Pedersen P K.Tight oil production analysis:Adaptation of existing rate-transient analysis techniques[C]//Canadian Unconventional Resources and International Petroleum Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010.
[8]Cinco L,Samaniego V,Dominguez A.Transient pressure behavior for a well with a finite-conductivity vertical fracture[J].Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal,1978,18(4):253-264.
[9]Wattenbarger R A,El-Banbi A H,Villegas M E,et al.Production analysis of linear flow into fractured tight gas wells[C]//SPE Rocky Mountain Regional/low-permeability Reservoirs Symposium.Society of Petroleum Engineers,1998.
[10]Al Ahmadi H A,Almarzooq A M,Wattenbarger R A.Application of linear flow analysis to shale gas wells-field cases[C]//SPE Unconventional Gas Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010.
[11]Anderson D M,Nobakht M,Moghadam S,et al.Analysis of production data from fractured shale gas wells[C]//SPE Unconventional Gas Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010.
[12]Nobakht M,Mattar L,Moghadam S,et al.Simplified forecasting of tight/shale-gas production in linear flow[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2012,51(6):476-486.
[13]Nobakht M,Clarkson C R.Analysis of production data in shale gas reservoirs:Rigorous corrections for fluid and flow properties[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2012,8:85-98.
[14]Nobakht M,Ambrose R J,Clarkson C R.Effect of heterogeneity in a horizontal well with multiple fractures on the longterm forecast in shale gas reservoirs[C]//Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2011.
[15]Bello R O,Wattenbarger R A.Modelling and analysis of shale gas production with a skin effect[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2010,49(12):37-48.
[16]Moghadam S,Mattar L,Pooladi-Darvish M.Dual porosity typecurves for shale gas reservoirs[C]//Canadian Unconventional Resources and International Petroleum Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010.
[17]Brown M,Ozkan E,Raghavan R,et al.Practical solutions for pressure-transient responses of fractured horizontal wells in unconventional shale reservoirs[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2011,14(6):663-676.
[18]Ozkan E,Brown M L,Raghavan R,et al.Comparison of fractured-horizontal-well performance in tight sand and shale reservoirs[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2011,14(2):248-259.
[19]Brohi I G,Pooladi-Darvish M,Aguilera R.Modeling fractured horizontal wells as dual porosity composite reservoirs-application to tight gas,shale gas and tight oil cases[C]//SPE Western North American Region Meeting.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2011.
[20]Xu Bingxiang,Li Xiangfang,Haghighi M,et al.A new model for production analysis in naturally fractured shale gas reservoirs[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2013,37(6):92-99.徐兵祥,李相方,Haghighi M,等.裂缝性页岩气藏水平井产能预测模型[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(6):92-99.
[21]Zhao Jinzhou,Fu Dongyu,Li Yongming,et al.Analysis of sensitive factors about multistage fractured well productivity in shale gas reservoir based on modified trilinear flow model[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(7):1324-1331.赵金洲,符东宇,李勇明,等.基于改进三线性流模型的多级压裂页岩气井产能影响因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(7):1324-1331.
[22]Chuprakov D A,Akulich A,Siebrits E,et al.Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in a Naturally Fractured Reservoir[C]//SPE Oil and Gas India Conference and Exhibition.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010.
[23]Fraim M L.Gas reservoir decline-curve analysis using type curves with real gas pseudopressure and normalized time[J].SPE Formation Evaluation,1987,2(4):671-682.
[24]Liao Xinwei,Shen Pingping.Modern Well Test Analysis[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:174-175.廖新维,沈平平.现代试井分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:174-175.
[25]Zhang Lei,Li Xiangfang,Xu Bingxiang,et al.Productivity evaluating theoretical model of the fractured shale-gas horizontal wells considering gas slippage effect[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2013,32(3):157-163.张磊,李相方,徐兵祥,等.考虑滑脱效应的页岩气压裂水平井产能评价理论模型[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2013,32(3):157-163.
[26]Zhang Shicheng,Guo Tiankui,Zhou Tong,et al.Fracture propagation mechanism experiment of hydraulic fracturing in natural shale[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):496-503,518.张士诚,郭天魁,周彤,等.天然页岩压裂裂缝扩展机理试验[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):496-503,518.
[27]Zhao Zhihong,Huang Chao,Guo Jianchun,et al.Feasibility of complex fracture networks under simultaneous fracturing in shale reservoirs[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2016,23(5):615-619.赵志红,黄超,郭建春,等.页岩储层中同步压裂形成复杂缝网可行性研究[J].断块油气田,2016,23(5):615-619.
[28]Lu Cheng,Liu Xiong,Cheng Minhua,et al.Sensitivity analysis of hydraulic fracturing horizontal wells in shale gas reservoir[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2013,20(5):114-117.陆程,刘雄,程敏华,等.页岩气藏开发中水力压裂水平井敏感参数分析[J].特种油气藏,2013,20(5):114-117.
[29]Song Hongqing,Liu Qipeng,Yu Mingxu,et al.Characteristics of gas flow and productivity of fractured wells in shale gas sediments[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2014,36(2):139-144.宋洪庆,刘启鹏,于明旭,等.页岩气渗流特征及压裂井产能[J].北京科技大学学报,2014(2):139-144.
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