基于SPECIATE数据库的典型行业挥发性有机恶臭物质筛选
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摘要
恶臭物质成分复杂、来源广泛,故需要筛选并优先控制恶臭物质。基于美国SPECIATE数据库,选取涂料、垃圾填埋、污水处理、纸浆和造纸、石油炼制、堆肥、合成橡胶和合成树脂共8类典型行业,以质量分数、嗅阈值、饱和蒸气压和大气周围环境目标值为评估参数,建立合适的筛选原则、程序和方法。通过分级赋值和多参数综合评分筛选出84种(类)典型行业挥发性有机恶臭物质。结合国内外标准和研究,建议将苯乙烯、丙醛、丙酸、丁醛、丁酸、二甲苯、二甲基二硫醚、二硫化碳、甲苯、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮、甲硫醇、甲硫醚、戊醛、戊酸、乙醛、乙酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯和异丁醇,共19种(类)物质作为优先控制挥发性有机恶臭物质,以作为监控管理、评估空气异味和标准制修订的参考。
Odorants are complex and have wide range of sources, so it was necessary to screen priority controlled volatile organic odorants. Based on the SPECIATE database of United States Environmental Protection Agency, the odorants in eight typical industries of coating, landfill, wastewater treatment, pulp and paper mills, petroleum refining, waste composting, synthetic rubber and synthetic resin industries were screened.In this screening process, mass fraction, odor threshold, saturated vapor pressure and ambient multimedia environmental goal were taken as evaluation parameters, and the reasonable screening principles, procedures and methods were established. Then 84 kinds of volatile organic odorants of typical industries were screened by grading assignment and multi-parameter comprehensive evaluation. Combined with the standards and researches at domestic and abroad, 19 odorants, including styrene, propionaldehyde, propionic acid, butyraldehyde, butyric acid, xylene, dimethyl disulfide, carbon disulfide, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, valeraldehyde, valeric acid, acetaldehyde, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate and isobutanol, are suggested as priority controlled volatile organic odorants, which could be taken as a reference for monitoring and management, air odor assessment and the standard revision.
Odorants are complex and have wide range of sources, so it was necessary to screen priority controlled volatile organic odorants. Based on the SPECIATE database of United States Environmental Protection Agency, the odorants in eight typical industries of coating, landfill, wastewater treatment, pulp and paper mills, petroleum refining, waste composting, synthetic rubber and synthetic resin industries were screened.In this screening process, mass fraction, odor threshold, saturated vapor pressure and ambient multimedia environmental goal were taken as evaluation parameters, and the reasonable screening principles, procedures and methods were established. Then 84 kinds of volatile organic odorants of typical industries were screened by grading assignment and multi-parameter comprehensive evaluation. Combined with the standards and researches at domestic and abroad, 19 odorants, including styrene, propionaldehyde, propionic acid, butyraldehyde, butyric acid, xylene, dimethyl disulfide, carbon disulfide, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, valeraldehyde, valeric acid, acetaldehyde, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate and isobutanol, are suggested as priority controlled volatile organic odorants, which could be taken as a reference for monitoring and management, air odor assessment and the standard revision.
引文
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[2]石磊.日本恶臭公害研究概况[J].国外环境科学技术,1987,12(4):46-49.
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[12]AGUS E,ZHANG L,SEDLAK D L.A framework for identifying characteristic odor compounds in municipal wastewater effluent[J].Water Research,2012,46(18):5970-5980.
[13]ZHOU Y,HALLIS S A,VITKO T,et al.Identification,quantification and treatment of fecal odors released into the air at two wastewater treatment plants[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,180:257-263.
[14]SIVRET E C,WANG B,PARCSI G,et al.Prioritisation of odorants emitted from sewers using odour activity values[J].Water Research,2016,88:308-321.
[15]HANAJIMA D,KURODA K,MORISHITA K,et al.Key odor components responsible for the impact on olfactory sense during swine feces composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(7):2306-2310.
[16]TRABUE S,SCOGGIN K,MCCONNELL L,et al.Identifying and tracking key odorants from cattle feedlots[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(25):4243-4251.
[17]闫凤越,邹克华,李伟芳,等.垃圾填埋场恶臭气体的指纹谱[J].环境化学,2013,32(5):854-859.
[18]邓强,李振山,刘添添,等.北京市安定生活垃圾填埋场VOCs恶臭物质及其臭气强度[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(1):201-209.
[19]崔彤,李金香,杨妍研,等.北京市生活垃圾填埋场氨排放特征研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(11):4110-4116.
[20]芦会杰.典型生活垃圾处理设施恶臭排放特征及污染评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(8):3178-3184.
[21]张红玉,李国学,杨青原.生活垃圾堆肥过程中恶臭物质分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(9):192-199.
[22]林坚,李琳,刘俊新,等.城市污水厂主要处理单元恶臭及挥发性有机物的逸散[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2329-2334.
[23]王亘,翟增秀,韩萌,等.恶臭污染排放源指纹谱编制及初步应用[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(12):1944-1953.
[24]王智超,席劲瑛,程志强,等.城市污水厂不同时间尺度下恶臭排放特征[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(2):84-88.
[25]SIMON H,BECK L,BHAVE P V,et al.The development and uses of EPA’s SPECIATE database[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,2010,1(4):196-206.
[26]王亘,翟增秀,耿静,等.40种典型恶臭物质嗅阈值测定[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(6):348-351.
[27]YOSHIO N.Measurement of odor threshold value review of“Measurement of threshold value by tiriangle odor bag method”paper[J].Journal of Japan Association on Odor Environment,2012,43(6):401-407.
[28]吕平毓,米武娟.多介质环境目标值在环境评价中的应用[J].人民长江,2012,43(1):59-62.
[29]李伟芳.国内恶臭污染物优先控制的筛选研究[J].上海环境科学,2012,31(1):1-4.
[30]李伟芳,李昌建,曹阳,等.天津市环境空气恶臭污染状况与典型气态污染物识别[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(6):567-574.
[31]刘英会.天津市恶臭污染优先污染物筛选研究[C]//国家环境保护恶臭污染控制重点实验室.恶臭污染防治研究进展:第四届全国恶臭污染测试与控制技术研讨会论文集.淄博,2012:93-97.
[32]孙中涛,楼紫阳,王罗春,等.混合生活垃圾恶臭特性及评估方法研究[J].环境污染与防治,2015,37(11):11-15.
[33]胡晓峰,修光利,顾鑫生.上海市精化行业典型恶臭污染物的筛选[C]//国家环境保护恶臭污染控制重点实验室.第六届全国恶臭污染测试与控制技术研讨会论文集.上海,2016:47-52.
[34]路鹏,苏昭辉,王亘,等.填埋场大气中化合物分析与恶臭指示物筛选[J].环境科学,2011,32(4):936-942.
[35]商细彬,包景岭,李伟芳,等.天津市环境空气中典型恶臭污染物的筛选研究[C]//国家环境保护恶臭污染控制重点实验室.恶臭污染防治研究进展:第四届全国恶臭污染测试与控制技术研讨会论文集.淄博,2012:98-101.
[36]商细彬,王元刚,卢志强,等.天津市不同行业中典型恶臭物质的筛选[C]//国家环境保护恶臭污染控制重点实验室.第六届全国恶臭污染测试与控制技术研讨会论文集.上海,2016:16-22.
[37]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.恶臭污染物排放标准:GB 14554-1993[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1993.
[38]Ministry of the Environment,Government of Japan.Offensive odor control law:Law No.71 of 1995[S].Tokyo:Ministry of the Environment,Government of Japan,1995.
[39]Ministry of the Environment,Government of Korea.Malodor prevention act:Act No 152332[S].Sejong:Ministry of the Environment,Government of Korea,2014.
[2]石磊.日本恶臭公害研究概况[J].国外环境科学技术,1987,12(4):46-49.
[3]李立清,杨健康,陈昭宜.恶臭污染及其治理技术[J].化工环保,1995,15(3):141-144.
[4]胡名操.环境保护实用数据手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1990:59.
[5]王令,丁忠浩.恶臭污染分析及防治技术[J].工业安全与环保,2005,31(3):28-30.
[6]包景岭.恶臭污染源解析及预警应急系统[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012:2-4.
[7]ZARRA T,NADDEO V,BELGIORNO V,et al.Instrumental characterization of odour:A combination of olfactory and analytical methods[J].Water Science&Technology,2009,59(8):1603-1609.
[8]DINCER F,ODABASI M,MUEZZINOGLU A.Chemical characterization of odorous gases at a landfill site by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2006,1122(1/2):222-229.
[9]ROMAIN A C,DELVA J,NICOLAS J.Complementary approaches to measure environmental odours emitted by landfill areas[J].Sensors&Actuators B:Chemical,2008,131(1):18-23.
[10]SCHUETZ C,BOGNER J,CHANTON J,et al.Comparative oxidation and net emissions of methane and selected non-methane organic compounds in landfill cover soils[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(22):5150-5158.
[11]GUO Q,YU J,YANG K,et al.Identification of complex septic odorants in Huangpu River source water by combining the data from gas chromatography-olfactometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using retention indices[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,556:36-44.
[12]AGUS E,ZHANG L,SEDLAK D L.A framework for identifying characteristic odor compounds in municipal wastewater effluent[J].Water Research,2012,46(18):5970-5980.
[13]ZHOU Y,HALLIS S A,VITKO T,et al.Identification,quantification and treatment of fecal odors released into the air at two wastewater treatment plants[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,180:257-263.
[14]SIVRET E C,WANG B,PARCSI G,et al.Prioritisation of odorants emitted from sewers using odour activity values[J].Water Research,2016,88:308-321.
[15]HANAJIMA D,KURODA K,MORISHITA K,et al.Key odor components responsible for the impact on olfactory sense during swine feces composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(7):2306-2310.
[16]TRABUE S,SCOGGIN K,MCCONNELL L,et al.Identifying and tracking key odorants from cattle feedlots[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(25):4243-4251.
[17]闫凤越,邹克华,李伟芳,等.垃圾填埋场恶臭气体的指纹谱[J].环境化学,2013,32(5):854-859.
[18]邓强,李振山,刘添添,等.北京市安定生活垃圾填埋场VOCs恶臭物质及其臭气强度[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(1):201-209.
[19]崔彤,李金香,杨妍研,等.北京市生活垃圾填埋场氨排放特征研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(11):4110-4116.
[20]芦会杰.典型生活垃圾处理设施恶臭排放特征及污染评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(8):3178-3184.
[21]张红玉,李国学,杨青原.生活垃圾堆肥过程中恶臭物质分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(9):192-199.
[22]林坚,李琳,刘俊新,等.城市污水厂主要处理单元恶臭及挥发性有机物的逸散[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2329-2334.
[23]王亘,翟增秀,韩萌,等.恶臭污染排放源指纹谱编制及初步应用[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(12):1944-1953.
[24]王智超,席劲瑛,程志强,等.城市污水厂不同时间尺度下恶臭排放特征[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(2):84-88.
[25]SIMON H,BECK L,BHAVE P V,et al.The development and uses of EPA’s SPECIATE database[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,2010,1(4):196-206.
[26]王亘,翟增秀,耿静,等.40种典型恶臭物质嗅阈值测定[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(6):348-351.
[27]YOSHIO N.Measurement of odor threshold value review of“Measurement of threshold value by tiriangle odor bag method”paper[J].Journal of Japan Association on Odor Environment,2012,43(6):401-407.
[28]吕平毓,米武娟.多介质环境目标值在环境评价中的应用[J].人民长江,2012,43(1):59-62.
[29]李伟芳.国内恶臭污染物优先控制的筛选研究[J].上海环境科学,2012,31(1):1-4.
[30]李伟芳,李昌建,曹阳,等.天津市环境空气恶臭污染状况与典型气态污染物识别[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(6):567-574.
[31]刘英会.天津市恶臭污染优先污染物筛选研究[C]//国家环境保护恶臭污染控制重点实验室.恶臭污染防治研究进展:第四届全国恶臭污染测试与控制技术研讨会论文集.淄博,2012:93-97.
[32]孙中涛,楼紫阳,王罗春,等.混合生活垃圾恶臭特性及评估方法研究[J].环境污染与防治,2015,37(11):11-15.
[33]胡晓峰,修光利,顾鑫生.上海市精化行业典型恶臭污染物的筛选[C]//国家环境保护恶臭污染控制重点实验室.第六届全国恶臭污染测试与控制技术研讨会论文集.上海,2016:47-52.
[34]路鹏,苏昭辉,王亘,等.填埋场大气中化合物分析与恶臭指示物筛选[J].环境科学,2011,32(4):936-942.
[35]商细彬,包景岭,李伟芳,等.天津市环境空气中典型恶臭污染物的筛选研究[C]//国家环境保护恶臭污染控制重点实验室.恶臭污染防治研究进展:第四届全国恶臭污染测试与控制技术研讨会论文集.淄博,2012:98-101.
[36]商细彬,王元刚,卢志强,等.天津市不同行业中典型恶臭物质的筛选[C]//国家环境保护恶臭污染控制重点实验室.第六届全国恶臭污染测试与控制技术研讨会论文集.上海,2016:16-22.
[37]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.恶臭污染物排放标准:GB 14554-1993[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1993.
[38]Ministry of the Environment,Government of Japan.Offensive odor control law:Law No.71 of 1995[S].Tokyo:Ministry of the Environment,Government of Japan,1995.
[39]Ministry of the Environment,Government of Korea.Malodor prevention act:Act No 152332[S].Sejong:Ministry of the Environment,Government of Korea,2014.
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