全国地级及以上城市建成区黑臭水体的分布、存在问题及对策建议
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摘要
从全国地级及以上城市、36个重点城市(直辖市、省会城市、计划单列市)和长江经济带地级及以上城市3个层面对我国城市建成区黑臭水体分布现状进行了统计分析。结果表明,截至2017年10月,全国地级及以上城市建成区黑臭水体共计2 100个,其中:66.2%为轻度黑臭;60%分布在广东、安徽、湖南、山东、江苏、湖北、河南和四川8省;36个重点城市的黑臭水体一半以上分布在广州、深圳、长春、上海和北京5市。通过全国30个省(自治区、直辖市)共计70个地级及以上城市的993个黑臭水体的现场督查结果可知,黑臭水体治理中存在的主要问题为控源截污不到位、垃圾收集转运处理处置措施不到位、内源污染未得到有效解决。针对治理中的主要问题从顶层设计、管网建设、底泥治理等方面提出了对策建议,为后期黑臭水体的治理提供指导。
The distribution of black and odorous water bodies in urbanized built-up area of China were analyzed from three levels: nationwide cities at prefecture level and above; 36 key cities(municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capital cities and cities with independent planning) and cities at prefecture level and above in Yangtze river economic belt. The results showed that there were 2 100 black and odorous water bodies in urban built-up areas of cities at prefecture level and above in China by October, 2017,66.2% of which were mild black-odorous ones, 60% of which were distributed in the following 8 provinces:Guangdong, Anhui, Hunan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan and Sichuan. More than half of the black and odorous water bodies in 36 key cities were in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Changchun, Shanghai and Beijing. Through the on-site inspection results for 993 black-odorous water bodies in 70 cities at prefecture level and above of 30 provinces(province, autonomous region) in our country, the main problems of the governance of black-odorous water bodies were as follows: unfulfillment of source control and pollution interception, unfulfillment of the measures for garbage collection, transportation, treatment and disposal, and not effectively resolving endogenous pollution. Based upon those main problems, countermeasure proposals were put forward from the aspects of toplevel design, pipe network construction and sediment treatment so as to provide guidance for the further governance of black and odorous water bodies.
The distribution of black and odorous water bodies in urbanized built-up area of China were analyzed from three levels: nationwide cities at prefecture level and above; 36 key cities(municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capital cities and cities with independent planning) and cities at prefecture level and above in Yangtze river economic belt. The results showed that there were 2 100 black and odorous water bodies in urban built-up areas of cities at prefecture level and above in China by October, 2017,66.2% of which were mild black-odorous ones, 60% of which were distributed in the following 8 provinces:Guangdong, Anhui, Hunan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan and Sichuan. More than half of the black and odorous water bodies in 36 key cities were in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Changchun, Shanghai and Beijing. Through the on-site inspection results for 993 black-odorous water bodies in 70 cities at prefecture level and above of 30 provinces(province, autonomous region) in our country, the main problems of the governance of black-odorous water bodies were as follows: unfulfillment of source control and pollution interception, unfulfillment of the measures for garbage collection, transportation, treatment and disposal, and not effectively resolving endogenous pollution. Based upon those main problems, countermeasure proposals were put forward from the aspects of toplevel design, pipe network construction and sediment treatment so as to provide guidance for the further governance of black and odorous water bodies.
引文
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[18]祝秋恒,李斌,刘丹妮,等.关于规范黑臭水体治理的全过程管理分析[J].环境保护,2018,46(17):20-23.
[2]住房和城乡建设部.2016年城市建设统计年鉴[EB/OL].[2018-12-20].http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02018010521542516551482530.xls.
[3]申林.关于鞍山市黑臭水体治理工作的一些思考[J].环境与发展,2018,30(8):37-38.
[4]王磊,管德松.根治黑臭水体顽疾守好一河清水:沈阳市细河黑臭水体污染现状及治理方法[J].吉林农业,2018(17):60-61.
[5]黄伟伟,王士杰,陈举烽,等.淮安市洪泽区黑臭水体污染特征分析及整治方案[J].中国给水排水,2018,34(12):31-36.
[6]张汇哲.盐城市黑臭水体成因分析及治理建议[J].中国水利,2018(11):27-28.
[7]高红杰.创新监管平台倒逼城市黑臭水体整治[N].中国建设报,2016-03-28(5).
[8]朱韻洁,李国文,张列宇,等.黑臭水体治理思路与技术措施[J].环境工程技术学报,2018,8(5):495-501.
[9]胡洪营.整治城市黑臭水体的技术措施[J].城乡建设,2015(11):11.
[10]张倩,郝坤.黑臭水体产生的原因及治理技术[J].智能城市,2018,4(17):118-119.
[11]彭硕佳,张文静,韩旭,等.关于黑臭水体治理中排水系统优化的思考[J].环境保护,2018,46(17):24-26.
[12]杨玥,陈洁.补水活水在城市黑臭水体治理中的应用[J].中国水运(下半月),2018,18(3):137-138.
[13]住房和城乡建设部,生态环境部.“全国城市黑臭水体整治信息发布”监管平台[EB/OL].[2018-12-20].http://www.hcstzz.com.
[14]生态环境部.生态环境部7月例行新闻发布会[EB/OL].[2018-12-20].http://www.sohu.com/a/243845638_782140.
[15]住房城乡建设部,环境保护部.城市黑臭水体整治工作指南[EB/OL].[2018-12-20].http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/wjfb/201509/t20150911_224828.html.
[16]王晓玲,王鸯鸯,苗忠梅,等.我国城市黑臭水体成因分析及治理建议[J].中国环保产业,2018(12):52-53.
[17]张列宇.详查污染成因着重生态治理:黑臭水体治理实施方案重点解读[J].城乡建设,2018(22):32-33.
[18]祝秋恒,李斌,刘丹妮,等.关于规范黑臭水体治理的全过程管理分析[J].环境保护,2018,46(17):20-23.
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