兰州市农牧业源氨排放清单及其时空分布特征
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摘要
通过实地调研等方式获取农牧业源的活动水平,采用NARSES模型确定氮肥施用排放因子,其它排放因子通过文献调研确定,建立了2016年兰州市农牧业源氨排放清单,并进一步分析了农牧业源氨排放的时空分布特征. 2016年兰州市农牧业源大气氨排放量为9 356. 90 t;其中畜禽养殖源氨排放量7 584. 03 t,分担率81. 05%;永登县是氨排放量最大的区县,氨排放量为2 820. 59 t,分担率为30. 14%.在兰州市各区县氨排放量分担率中,畜牧业源氨排放的分担率在65. 83%～97. 38%之间;氮肥施用源的分担率在2. 27%～28. 66%之间.从空间分布来看,兰州市农牧业源氨排放主要集中在皋兰县西北部与中部、红古区东南部、七里河区东西两部与榆中县东部.从时间分布来看,畜牧业源氨排放主要集中在4～9月,氮肥施用源的氨排放主要集中在3～7月和9月,其它月份排放量相对较小.
After obtaining data on the activity of agriculture and animal husbandry by field investigation and from statistical data,an inventory of ammonia emission from agriculture and animal husbandry in Lanzhou was established based on literature investigation to determine the emission factors. The emission factor related to the application of nitrogen fertilizer was calculated using the NARSES model. The spatiotemporal distribution of the amount of ammonia emission was also analyzed. The total amount of ammonia emission from agriculture and animal husbandry was 9 356. 90 t. Among this emission,the amount from livestock and poultry was 7 584. 03 t,accounting for 81. 05%. Yongdeng County was the region with the largest amount of ammonia emission,which was 2 820. 59 t,accounting for 30. 14%. Considering the sharing rate of ammonia emissions in all districts and counties,the sharing rates of livestock and poultry were between 65. 83% and 97. 38%; and the sharing rates for nitrogen fertilizer application were between 2. 27% and28. 66%. From the perspective of spatial distribution,the sources of ammonia emissions from agriculture and animal husbandry were mainly concentrated in the northwest and central parts of Gaolan County,the southeast of Honggu District,the east and west of Qilihe District,and the east of Yuzhong County. From the perspective of temporal distribution,the ammonia emissions from livestock and poultry were higher from April to September. The emission from nitrogen fertilizer application was higher from March to September,except in August.
After obtaining data on the activity of agriculture and animal husbandry by field investigation and from statistical data,an inventory of ammonia emission from agriculture and animal husbandry in Lanzhou was established based on literature investigation to determine the emission factors. The emission factor related to the application of nitrogen fertilizer was calculated using the NARSES model. The spatiotemporal distribution of the amount of ammonia emission was also analyzed. The total amount of ammonia emission from agriculture and animal husbandry was 9 356. 90 t. Among this emission,the amount from livestock and poultry was 7 584. 03 t,accounting for 81. 05%. Yongdeng County was the region with the largest amount of ammonia emission,which was 2 820. 59 t,accounting for 30. 14%. Considering the sharing rate of ammonia emissions in all districts and counties,the sharing rates of livestock and poultry were between 65. 83% and 97. 38%; and the sharing rates for nitrogen fertilizer application were between 2. 27% and28. 66%. From the perspective of spatial distribution,the sources of ammonia emissions from agriculture and animal husbandry were mainly concentrated in the northwest and central parts of Gaolan County,the southeast of Honggu District,the east and west of Qilihe District,and the east of Yuzhong County. From the perspective of temporal distribution,the ammonia emissions from livestock and poultry were higher from April to September. The emission from nitrogen fertilizer application was higher from March to September,except in August.
引文
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[26]张美双,栾胜基.NARSES模型在我国种植业氮肥施用氨排放估算中的应用研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(8):3583-3586.Zhang M S,Luan S J.Application of NARSES in evaluation of ammonia emission from nitrogen fertilizer application in planting system in China[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(8):3583-3586.
[27]毕于运.秸秆资源评价与利用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
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[30]Zhang Y S,Luan S J,Chen L L,et al.Estimating the volatilization of ammonia from synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers used in China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2011,92(3):480-493.
[31]张红勇,杨宝生.兴隆山自然保护区海拔高度与昆虫种类分布关系初探[J].甘肃林业科技,2005,31(3):25-26,46.Zhang H Y,Yang B S.Preliminary Study on relation between insect species distribution and altitude in Xinglongshan nature reserve in Gansu Province[J].Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology,2005,31(3):25-26,46.
[2]Hamaoui-Laguel L,Meleux F,Beekmann M,et al.Improving ammonia emissions in air quality modelling for France[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,92(13):584-595.
[3]Anderson N,Strader R,Davidson C.Airborne reduced nitrogen:ammonia emissions from agriculture and other sources[J].Environment International,2003,29(2-3):277-286.
[4]Sutton M A,Dragosits U,Tang Y S,et al.Ammonia emissions from non-agricultural sources in the UK[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(6):855-869.
[5]胡敏,唐倩,彭剑飞,等.我国大气颗粒物来源及特征分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2011,36(5):15-19.Hu M,Tang Q,Peng J F,et al.Study on characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric particulate matter in China[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2011,36(5):15-19.
[6]程念亮,李云婷,孟凡,等.我国PM2.5污染现状及来源解析研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(15):4721-4724.Cheng N L,Li Y T,Meng F,et al.Analytical studies of PM2.5pollution and source identification in China in 2013[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(15):4721-4724.
[7]Huang X,Song Y,Li M M,et al.A high-resolution ammonia emission inventory in China[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2012,26(1):GB1030.
[8]王书伟,廖千家骅,胡玉婷,等.我国NH3-N排放量及空间分布变化初步研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):619-626.Wang S W,Liao Q J H,Hu Y T,et al.A preliminary inventory of NH3-N emission and its temporal and spatial distribution of China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(3):619-626.
[9]Kang Y,Liu M,Song Y,et al.High-resolution ammonia emissions inventories in China from 1980-2012[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions,2016,15(19):26959-26995.
[10]张凯,于周锁,高宏,等.兰州盆地人为源大气污染物网格化排放清单及其空间分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(4):1227-1242.Zhang K,Yu Z S,Gao H,et al.Gridded emission inventories and spatial distribution characteristics of anthropogenic atmospheric pollutants in Lanzhou valley[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(4):1227-1242.
[11]苏航,闫东杰,黄学敏,等.西安市人为源大气氨排放清单及特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(11):4117-4123.Su H,Yan D J,Huang X M,et al.Inventory and characteristics of anthropogenic ammonia emission in Xi'an[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(11):4117-4123.
[12]张有贤,郑玉祥,王丹璐.兰州市PM2.5无机化学组分特征及来源解析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(8):101-107.Zhang Y X,Zheng Y X,Wang D L.Inorganic chemical component characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5in Lanzhou[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(8):101-107.
[13]国务院.国务院关于印发打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划的通知[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2018-07/03/content_5303158.htm,2018-07-03.
[14]中华人民共和国环境保护部.大气氨源排放清单编制技术指南(试行)[EB/OL].https://www.ehs.cn/law/101278.html,2014-08-19.
[15]兰州市农业信息服务中心.兰州市农委农业数据平台[EB/OL].http://www.lzny.com/index.php?s=shuju&c=category&id=1,2016.
[16]杨志鹏.基于物质流方法的中国畜牧业氨排放估算及区域比较研究[D].北京:北京大学,2008.
[17]邓朝平,郭铌,王介民,等.近20余年来西北地区植被变化特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2006,28(5):686-693.Deng Z P,Guo N,Wang J M,et al.Vegetation cover variation in northwest China during the past 22 years[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2006,28(5):686-693.
[18]兰州市统计局,国家统计局兰州调查队.兰州市统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[19]国家气象信息中心.中国气象数据网[EB/OL].http://data.cma.cn,2016.
[20]国家发展和改革委员会价格司.全国农产品成本收益资料汇编[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[21]Misselbrook T H,Sutton M A,Scholefield D.A simple processbased model for estimating ammonia emissions from agricultural land after fertilizer applications[J].Soil Use and Management,2010,20(4):365-372.
[22]桂厚瑛,彭辉,桂绍庸.污泥堆肥工程技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015.
[23]虞娜,张玉龙,邹洪涛,等.追肥方式对温室滴灌番茄产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(2):18-22.Yu N,Zhang Y L,Zou H T,et al.Effect of top dressing mode on tomato yield and water use efficiency of drip irrigation in greenhouse[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2005,24(2):18-22.
[24]王激清,马文奇,江荣风,等.我国水稻、小麦、玉米基肥和追肥用量及比例分析[J].土壤通报,2008,39(2):329-333.Wang J Q,Ma W Q,Jiang R F,et al.Analysis about amount and ratio of basal fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer on rice,wheat,maize in China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,39(2):329-333.
[25]李伟,李飞,毕德,等.兰州碱性土壤与农产品中硒分布及形态研究[J].土壤,2012,44(4):632-638.Li W,Li F,Bi D,et al.Spatial distribution and speciation of selenium in alkaline soils and agricultural products of Lanzhou[J].Soils,2012,44(4):632-638.
[26]张美双,栾胜基.NARSES模型在我国种植业氮肥施用氨排放估算中的应用研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(8):3583-3586.Zhang M S,Luan S J.Application of NARSES in evaluation of ammonia emission from nitrogen fertilizer application in planting system in China[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(8):3583-3586.
[27]毕于运.秸秆资源评价与利用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[28]甘肃省“十三五”秸秆饲料化利用规划[EB/OL].http://www.gsny.gov.cn/apps/site/site/issue/zfxxgk/xxgkml/ghjh/2017/02/21/1487657055405.html,2017-02-21.
[29]沈兴玲.广东省高分辨率人为源氨排放清单建立及控制成效研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.
[30]Zhang Y S,Luan S J,Chen L L,et al.Estimating the volatilization of ammonia from synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers used in China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2011,92(3):480-493.
[31]张红勇,杨宝生.兴隆山自然保护区海拔高度与昆虫种类分布关系初探[J].甘肃林业科技,2005,31(3):25-26,46.Zhang H Y,Yang B S.Preliminary Study on relation between insect species distribution and altitude in Xinglongshan nature reserve in Gansu Province[J].Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology,2005,31(3):25-26,46.
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