基于卫星和地面观测的2013年以来我国臭氧时空分布及变化特征
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摘要
采用卫星和地面观测臭氧(O_3)浓度,分析2013年以来我国O_3的时空分布和年际变化特征.卫星观测对流层O_3总量和地面观测O_3浓度分布相互印证,我国高浓度O_3主要分布在东部人口密集、经济发达的区域,并且呈现夏季高、冬季低的季节分布趋势. 4个重点关注城市(北京、上海、广州、成都) O_3日变化均呈现单峰分布,最高值在每日15:00～16:00.统计分析发现,4个城市除上海市之外,其他3个城市O_3浓度在周末和工作日没有显著差别,表明O_3的"周末效应"减弱. 2013年4月～2018年6月,我国地面观测O_3浓度呈现明显上升趋势. 2014～2017年,北京、上海和成都市近地面O_3浓度分别以2. 36、3. 3和3. 6μg·(m~3·a)~(-1)的速度显著上升. 4个城市2014～2017年O_3超标天数占比分别为17. 2%(北京)、10. 7%(上海)、8. 8%(广州)和11. 2%(成都),北京市O_3超标天数最多、超标期间O_3浓度最高,O_3污染最为严重.
Satellite and surface observed O_3 concentrations were applied to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution and trends of O_3 over China. The satellite and surface observations agree well,revealing that the highest concentrations of O_3 are distributed in East China,and with a seasonal pattern of high in summer and low in winter. Records of the diurnal variation of O_3 over the four cities of interest( Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,and Chengdu) reveal that O_3 peaked at 15: 00-16: 00 each day. Statistical analysis indicates that there is no significant difference in O_3 concentration between weekends and weekdays for the cities of Beijing,Guangzhou,and Chengdu. Surface O_3 over China increased dramatically from April 2013 to June 2018. The increase of the surface O_3 concentration from 2014 to 2017 is significant for Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu, and the rates of increase were 2. 36,3. 3, and 3. 6μg·( m~3·a)~(-1),respectively. Analysis based on the daily max 8 h rolling mean O_3 concentration reveals that the percentage of days with O_3 concentration exceeding the national standard( 160 μg·m~(-3)) in 2014-2017 were 17. 2% for Beijing,10. 7% for Shanghai,8. 8% for Guangzhou,and 11. 2% for Chengdu. O_3 pollution is most severe in Beijing where the highest O_3 concentration occurs,along with the largest number of days with daily max 8 h rolling O_3 concentration exceeding 160 μg·m~(-3).
Satellite and surface observed O_3 concentrations were applied to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution and trends of O_3 over China. The satellite and surface observations agree well,revealing that the highest concentrations of O_3 are distributed in East China,and with a seasonal pattern of high in summer and low in winter. Records of the diurnal variation of O_3 over the four cities of interest( Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,and Chengdu) reveal that O_3 peaked at 15: 00-16: 00 each day. Statistical analysis indicates that there is no significant difference in O_3 concentration between weekends and weekdays for the cities of Beijing,Guangzhou,and Chengdu. Surface O_3 over China increased dramatically from April 2013 to June 2018. The increase of the surface O_3 concentration from 2014 to 2017 is significant for Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu, and the rates of increase were 2. 36,3. 3, and 3. 6μg·( m~3·a)~(-1),respectively. Analysis based on the daily max 8 h rolling mean O_3 concentration reveals that the percentage of days with O_3 concentration exceeding the national standard( 160 μg·m~(-3)) in 2014-2017 were 17. 2% for Beijing,10. 7% for Shanghai,8. 8% for Guangzhou,and 11. 2% for Chengdu. O_3 pollution is most severe in Beijing where the highest O_3 concentration occurs,along with the largest number of days with daily max 8 h rolling O_3 concentration exceeding 160 μg·m~(-3).
引文
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