含Cu界面层碳纤维增强铝基复合材料制备工艺及其力学性能研究
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摘要
为了改善碳纤维与Al基体的润湿性和抑制Al基体对碳纤维的反应腐蚀,采用电镀工艺结合超声辅助振荡分散法,在碳纤维表面制备了均匀、光滑、连续的Cu界面层。通过真空压力浸渗法制备了碳纤维增强铝基复合材料。微观组织结构分析表明,Cu界面层的引入,使得所制备的复合材料中碳纤维分散好、基体致密度高、Al熔体能很好地浸渗到碳纤维束丝中形成结合良好的碳纤维-基体界面;同时,Cu界面层的引入可以避免Al熔体对碳纤维的腐蚀。力学性能测试表明,与工业纯Al相比,当碳纤维的体积分数为8%时,材料的拉伸强度可以提高143%。断口分析表明,在拉应力作用下,碳纤维-基体复合区域的碳纤维在Al基体中发生了滑移或拔出,因此在碳纤维的滑移和拔出过程中裂纹扩展被抑制,从而大大提高铝基复合材料的强度。
Carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite has been considering as an ideal structural material for aerospace and automotive industries due to its high specific strength, high specific modulus, high thermal and electric conductivity as well as low coefficient of thermal expansion. However,for the fabrication of carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composites, the critical issues are the poor wettability and chemical reaction between carbon fibers and aluminum matrix. In order to improve the wetting behavior and prevent the chemical reaction between carbon fibers and the aluminum matrix, the electroplating technology assisted with ultra-sonic vibration dispersion method was applied to fabricate the copper interphase on the carbon fibers. It was found that a smooth, continuous copper interphase with homogeneous thickness could be deposited on carbon fibers. The carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite(Cf/Al) was fabricated by the melt-infiltration process under pressure and vacuum conditions. The microstructure observations found that the carbon fibers homogeneously dispersed in the aluminum matrix by the introduction of copper interphase. There was no obvious carbon fiber damage caused by the reaction between carbon fibers and Al matrix. When the volume fraction of carbon fibers was 8%, the density of Cf/Al was about 2.70 g/cm3. Compared with pure Al, the mean tensile stress of Cf/Al composite was increased from 59.1 MPa to 144.9 MPa, which increased by 143%. The observation of fracture surfaces revealed the occurrence of the sliding and pull out of carbon fibers under tensile stress.The sliding and pull-out of carbon fibers can refrain the crack initiation and propagation of micro-cracks in the Al matrix. Therefore, the tensile strength of Cf/Al composite was improved significantly.
Carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite has been considering as an ideal structural material for aerospace and automotive industries due to its high specific strength, high specific modulus, high thermal and electric conductivity as well as low coefficient of thermal expansion. However,for the fabrication of carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composites, the critical issues are the poor wettability and chemical reaction between carbon fibers and aluminum matrix. In order to improve the wetting behavior and prevent the chemical reaction between carbon fibers and the aluminum matrix, the electroplating technology assisted with ultra-sonic vibration dispersion method was applied to fabricate the copper interphase on the carbon fibers. It was found that a smooth, continuous copper interphase with homogeneous thickness could be deposited on carbon fibers. The carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite(Cf/Al) was fabricated by the melt-infiltration process under pressure and vacuum conditions. The microstructure observations found that the carbon fibers homogeneously dispersed in the aluminum matrix by the introduction of copper interphase. There was no obvious carbon fiber damage caused by the reaction between carbon fibers and Al matrix. When the volume fraction of carbon fibers was 8%, the density of Cf/Al was about 2.70 g/cm3. Compared with pure Al, the mean tensile stress of Cf/Al composite was increased from 59.1 MPa to 144.9 MPa, which increased by 143%. The observation of fracture surfaces revealed the occurrence of the sliding and pull out of carbon fibers under tensile stress.The sliding and pull-out of carbon fibers can refrain the crack initiation and propagation of micro-cracks in the Al matrix. Therefore, the tensile strength of Cf/Al composite was improved significantly.
引文
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[23]Oh S I,Lim J Y,Kim Y C,et al.Fabrication of carbon nanofiber re‐inforced aluminum alloy nanocomposites by a liquid process[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2012,542:111
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[26]Tanaka Y,Kajihara M,Watanabe Y.Growth behavior of compound layers during reactive diffusion between solid Cu and liquid Al[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2007,A445-446:355
[2]Rawal S P.Metal-matrix composites for space applications[J].JOM,2001,53(4):14
[3]Kaczmar J W,Pietrzak K,W?osiński W.The production and appli‐cation of metal matrix composite materials[J].J.Mater.Process.Technol.,2000,106:58
[4]Prasad S V,Asthana R.Aluminum metal-matrix composites for au‐tomotive applications:Tribological considerations[J].Tribol.Lett.,2004,17:445
[5]Deng C F,Zhang X X,Wang D Z.Chemical stability of carbon nanotubes in the 2024Al matrix[J].Mater.Lett.,2007,61:904
[6]Shirvanimoghaddam K,Hamim S U,Karbalaei Akbari M,et al.Carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composites:Fabrication pro‐cesses and properties[J].Composites,2017,92A:70
[7]Wang X,Jiang D M,Wu G H,et al.Effect of Mg content on the mechanical properties and microstructure of Grf/Al composite[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2008,A497:31
[8]Zhang S F,Chen G Q,Pei R S,et al.Effect of Gd content on inter‐facial microstructures and mechanical properties of Cf/Mg compos‐ite[J].Mater.Des.,2015,65:567
[9]Singh B B,Balasubramanian M.Processing and properties of cop‐per-coated carbon fibre reinforced aluminium alloy composites[J].J.Mater.Process.Technol.,2009,209:2104
[10]Zhang J J,Liu S C,Zhang Y X,et al.Fabrication of woven carbon fibers reinforced Al-Mg(95-5 wt%)matrix composites by an elec‐tromagnetic casting process[J].J.Mater.Process.Technol.,2015,226:78
[11]Hajjari E,Divandari M,Mirhabibi A R.The effect of applied pres‐sure on fracture surface and tensile properties of nickel coated con‐tinuous carbon fiber reinforced aluminum composites fabricated by squeeze casting[J].Mater.Des.,2010,31:2381
[12]Tang Y P,Deng Y D,Zhang K,et al.Improvement of interface be‐tween Al and short carbon fibers by a-Al2O3coatings deposited by sol-gel technology[J].Ceram.Int.,2008,34:1787
[13]Ure?a A,Rams J,Escalera M D,et al.Characterization of interfa‐cial mechanical properties in carbon fiber/aluminium matrix com‐posites by the nanoindentation technique[J].Compos.Sci.Tech‐nol.,2005,65:2025
[14]Suzuki T,Umehara H,Hayashi R,et al.Mechanical properties and metallography of aluminum matrix composites reinforced by the Cu-or Ni-plating carbon multifilament[J].J.Mater.Res.,1993,8:2492
[15]Hua Z S,Liu Y H,Yao G C,et al.Preparation and characterization of nickel-coated carbon fibers by electroplating[J].J.Mater.Eng.Perform.,2012,21:324
[16]Liu S J,Cui C X,Qi Y M,et al.Surface treating technology of car‐bon fibers[J].Mater.Sci.Technol.,2008,16:840(刘双进,崔春翔,戚玉敏等.碳纤维表面电镀铜工艺的研究[J].材料科学与工艺,2008,16:840)
[17]Vijayaram T R,Sulaiman S,Hamouda A M S,et al.Fabrication of fiber reinforced metal matrix composites by squeeze casting tech‐nology[J].J.Mater.Proc.Technol.,2006,178:34
[18]Alhashmy H A,Nganbe M.Laminate squeeze casting of carbon fi‐ber reinforced aluminum matrix composites[J].Mater.Des.,2015,67:154
[19]Shi Q Y,Cao X,Li J Y,et al.Improved mechanical properties in friction stir processed carbon fiber reinforced aluminum compos‐ites[J].J.Tsinghua Univ.(Sci.Technol.),2017,57:792(史清宇,曹雄,李积元等.FSP制备碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的强韧化机理[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2017,57:792)
[20]Tao Z H,He W,Wang S X,et al.Synergistic effect of different ad‐ditives on microvia filling in an acidic copper plating solution[J].J.Electrochem.Soc.,2016,163:D379
[21]Shi D L,Lian J,He P,et al.Plasma coating of carbon nanofibers for enhanced dispersion and interfacial bonding in polymer com‐posites[J].Appl.Phys.Lett.,2003,83:5301
[22]Jiang H G,Dai J Y,Tong H Y,et al.Interfacial reactions on anneal‐ing Cu/Al multilayer thin films[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1993,74:6165
[23]Oh S I,Lim J Y,Kim Y C,et al.Fabrication of carbon nanofiber re‐inforced aluminum alloy nanocomposites by a liquid process[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2012,542:111
[24]Silvain J F,Proult A,Lahaye M,et al.Microstructure and chemical analysis of C/Cu/Al interfacial zones[J].Composites,2003,34A:1143
[25]Tanaka Y,Kajihara M.Numerical analysis for migration of inter‐face between liquid and solid phases during reactive diffusion in the binary Cu-Al system[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2007,A459:101
[26]Tanaka Y,Kajihara M,Watanabe Y.Growth behavior of compound layers during reactive diffusion between solid Cu and liquid Al[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2007,A445-446:355
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