米糠毛油酶法脱酸的工艺优化
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摘要
米糠毛油普遍酸价较高,采用常规的脱酸方式存在炼耗高、预处理要求高、营养成分损失大、油品品质差等问题。酶法脱酸可以有效避免上述问题。采用固定化脂肪酶CALB对米糠毛油进行酶法脱酸研究,得到优化工艺条件为甘油与游离脂肪酸摩尔比1∶3、剪切速度25 m/s、剪切时间20min、加酶量50 g/kg、反应温度70℃、反应时间6 h、甘油中水分含量25%、真空度小于1 000 Pa、通氮气,在此条件下酯化率可达92. 5%。
Crude rice bran oil generally has high acid value,and the conventional deacidification methods have the problems of high refining consumption,high pretreatment requirement,high loss of nutrients and poor quality of oil. Enzymatic deacidification can effectively avoid these problems. The enzymatic deacidification process of crude rice bran oil with immobilized lipase CALB was studied. The enzymatic deacidification conditions were optimized as follows: molar ratio of glycerol to free fatty acid 1:3,shear speed 25 m/s,shear time 20 min,enzyme dosage 50 g/kg,reaction temperature 70 ℃,reaction time 6 h,water content in glycerol 25%,vacuum degree less than 1 000 Pa,adding nitrogen. Under the optimal conditions,the esterification rate was 92. 5%.
Crude rice bran oil generally has high acid value,and the conventional deacidification methods have the problems of high refining consumption,high pretreatment requirement,high loss of nutrients and poor quality of oil. Enzymatic deacidification can effectively avoid these problems. The enzymatic deacidification process of crude rice bran oil with immobilized lipase CALB was studied. The enzymatic deacidification conditions were optimized as follows: molar ratio of glycerol to free fatty acid 1:3,shear speed 25 m/s,shear time 20 min,enzyme dosage 50 g/kg,reaction temperature 70 ℃,reaction time 6 h,water content in glycerol 25%,vacuum degree less than 1 000 Pa,adding nitrogen. Under the optimal conditions,the esterification rate was 92. 5%.
引文
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[2]刘玉兰,陈园顺,刘璐,等.碱炼脱酸工艺条件对高酸值米糠油碱炼效果的影响[J].粮食与食品工业,2014,21(3):7-11.
[3]张鹤男,肇立春,宋二立,等.高酸值米糠油物理法蒸馏脱酸工艺优化[J].农业工程,2017,7(4):89-91.
[4]李磊,单良,金青哲,等.高酸值米糠油酶法酯化脱酸工艺研究[J].中国油脂,2010,35(10):34-37.
[5]韩抒.高酸值米糠油酯化脱酸工艺的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2009.
[6]卢雍贇,金青哲,邹孝强,等.填充床反应器制备富含甘油二酯米糠油[J].中国油脂,2016,41(7):48-52.
[7]白长军,东丽.食用油生物精炼技术[J].科技创新导报,2016,13(2):164.
[8]万聪,彭辉,杨洁,等.无溶剂体系高酸值米糠油酶法酯化脱酸工艺优化研究[J].中国油脂,2016,41(4):10-13.
[9]金青哲,王小三,刘宏,等.一种米糠油酶法脱酸工艺:CN104327954A[P]. 2015-02-04.
[10]张明,李桂华,许晓瑞.酶催化高酸价米糠油酯化脱酸工艺的研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(5):18-21.
[11]王世让,刘春雷,王建国,等.高酸值油脂酯化脱酸新工艺的研究[J].食品工业科技,2010,31(3):252-255.
[12]杨博,杨继国,王永华,等.米糠油酶法酯化脱酸的研究[J].中国油脂,2005,30(7):22-24.
[13]郭达.高酸值米糠油的生物精炼[J].中国油脂,1994,19(6):14-16.
[14]SENGUPTA R,BHATTACHARYYA D K. A comparative study between biorefining combined with other processes and physical refining of high-acid mohua oil[J]. J Am Oil Chem Soc,1992,69(11):1146-1149.
[15]DE B K,BHATTACHARYYA D K. Deacidification of highacid rice bran oil by reesterification with monoglyceride[J]. J Am Oil Chem Soc,1999,76(10):1243-1246.
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