致密砂岩储层微观孔喉结构表征方法及其应用——以鄂尔多斯盆地红河地区长8层为例
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摘要
在调研国内外致密储层表征方法的基础上,结合陆相致密砂岩特征,筛选了以场发射扫描电镜直接观察、高压压汞和恒速压汞间接测定以及微米CT三维数字岩心的表征方法,结合前人提出的孔喉大小、分选以及连通性表征内容,提出反映致密砂岩孔隙结构特点的表征参数。孔隙方面,致密砂岩储层孔隙大小呈负偏态分布,以最大孔隙直径、平均孔隙直径、孔隙直径中位数和孔隙直径众数表征孔隙大小,以孔隙直径均质系数表征孔隙分选特征;喉道方面,以主流喉道半径表征喉道大小特征,以喉道均质系数表征喉道分选特征;结合二维图像观察与三维数字岩心技术,从定性和定量两方面以孔喉组合类型和最大连通体占储集空间的比例表征孔喉连通性。并以鄂尔多斯盆地南部红河地区典型致密砂岩储层为例,利用以上表征方法、参数研究的结果表明,不同物性储层的孔隙、喉道以及孔喉连通性差异较大,一定程度反映了本文表征方法与参数的适应性。
On the basis of investigating the characterization methods of tight reservoirs at home and abroad,three acquisition methods of tight reservoir pore structure were selected according to the characteristics of continental tight sandstone: direct observation by field emission scanning electron microscopy,indirect determination by high pressure mercury injection and constant velocity mercury injection,and reconstruction of three-dimensional digital cores by micro-CT. The characterization parameters of pore throat structure of tight sandstone were proposed based on the size,sorting and connectivity of pore and throat. Because the pore distribution of tight sandstone reservoirs is mostly negative skewness,the pore size is characterized by maximum,average,median and mode of pore diameter,and the pore size homogeneity coefficient is used to characterize the sorting characteristics of pores. The throat size was characterized by mainstream throat radius and the sorting characteristics were characterized by throat homogeneity coefficient. Based on 2 D image observation and 3 D digital cores,the types of pore-throat assemblages and the ratio of maximum pore-throat body to reservoir space are used to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize pore-throat connectivity separately. Applying the above characterization method and parameters to typical tight sandstone reservoirs in Honghe area,southern Ordos Basin,the results show that the pore,throat and pore-throat connectivity of reservoirs with different physical properties are quite different,which reflects the adaptability of the characterization method and characterization parameters to a certain extent.
On the basis of investigating the characterization methods of tight reservoirs at home and abroad,three acquisition methods of tight reservoir pore structure were selected according to the characteristics of continental tight sandstone: direct observation by field emission scanning electron microscopy,indirect determination by high pressure mercury injection and constant velocity mercury injection,and reconstruction of three-dimensional digital cores by micro-CT. The characterization parameters of pore throat structure of tight sandstone were proposed based on the size,sorting and connectivity of pore and throat. Because the pore distribution of tight sandstone reservoirs is mostly negative skewness,the pore size is characterized by maximum,average,median and mode of pore diameter,and the pore size homogeneity coefficient is used to characterize the sorting characteristics of pores. The throat size was characterized by mainstream throat radius and the sorting characteristics were characterized by throat homogeneity coefficient. Based on 2 D image observation and 3 D digital cores,the types of pore-throat assemblages and the ratio of maximum pore-throat body to reservoir space are used to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize pore-throat connectivity separately. Applying the above characterization method and parameters to typical tight sandstone reservoirs in Honghe area,southern Ordos Basin,the results show that the pore,throat and pore-throat connectivity of reservoirs with different physical properties are quite different,which reflects the adaptability of the characterization method and characterization parameters to a certain extent.
引文
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[19]王瑞飞.低渗砂岩储层微观特征及物性演化研究[D].西安:西北大学,2007.
[2]杨智,邹才能,吴松涛,等.含油气致密储层纳米级孔喉特征及意义[J].深圳大学学报(理工版),2015,32(3):257-265.YANG Zhi,ZOU Caineng,WU Songtao,et al. Characteristics of nano-sized pore-throat in unconventional tight reservoir rocks and its scientific value[J]. Journal of Shenzhen University(Science and Engineering),2015,32(3):257-265.
[3]杜金虎,刘合,马德胜,等.试论中国陆相致密油有效开发技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):198-205.DU Jinhu,LIU He,MA Desheng,et al. Discussion on effective development techniques for continental tight oil in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(2):198-205.
[4]杜金虎,何海清,杨涛,等.中国致密油勘探进展及面临的挑战[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(1):1-9.DU Jinhu,HE Haiqing,YANG Tao,et al. Progress in China's tight oil exploration and challenges[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(1):1-9.
[5]朱如凯,白斌,崔景伟,等.非常规油气致密储集层微观结构研究进展[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):615-623.ZHU Rukai,BAI Bin,CUI Jingwei,et al. Research advances of microstructure in unconventional tight oil and gas reservoirs[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(5):615-623.
[6]王明磊,刘玉婷,张福东,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油储层微观孔喉结构定量分析[J].矿物学报,2015,35(3):318-322.WANG Minglei,LIU Yuting,ZHANG Fudong,et al.Quantitative analysis of microscopic pore-throat structure of tight oil reservoir in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2015,35(3):318-322.
[7]公言杰,柳少波,朱如凯,等.致密油流动孔隙度下限:高压压汞技术在松辽盆地南部白垩系泉四段的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):681-688.GONG Yanjie,LIU Shaobo,ZHU Rukai,et al. Low limit of tight oil flowing porosity:application of high-pressure mercury intrusion in the fourth Member of Cretaceous Quantou Formation in southern Songliao Basin,NE China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):681-688.
[8] PEDERSEN P K,CLARKSON C,JENSEN J,et al. Innovative methods for flow unit and pore structure analysis in a tight gas reservoir,Montney Formation,NE,BC,Canada.[C]. Houston Texas Houston:American Association of Petroleum Geologists Annual Convention,2008.
[9]张哨楠,丁晓琪.鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组致密砂岩储层特征及其成因[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,37(4):386-394.ZHANG Shaonan,DING Xiaoqi. Characters and causes of tight sandstones of Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos Basin,China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2010,37(4):386-394.
[10] ROBINSON R B. Classification of reservoir rocks by surface texture[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1966,50(3Part1):547-559.
[11]罗蛰潭.油气储集层的孔隙结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:198-220.
[12]罗蛰潭,王允诚,邓恂康.川东中石炭统碳酸盐储集岩的孔隙结构研究[J].石油与天然气地质,1981,2(3):213-226.LUO Zhetan,WANG Yuncheng,DENG Xunkang. On the pore geometry of the middle carboniferous carbonate reservoir in eastern Sichuan[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,1981,2(3):213-226.
[13]邸世祥.中国碎屑岩储集层的孔隙结构[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1991:78-84.
[14]王允诚.裂缝性致密油气储集层[M].北京:地质出版社,1992:74-80.
[15]李道品.低渗透油田高效开发决策论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:25-35.
[16]吴胜和.储层表征与建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010:175-186.
[17]于兴河.油气储层地质学基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:168-195.
[18]裘亦楠.油气储层评价技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994:48-55.
[19]王瑞飞.低渗砂岩储层微观特征及物性演化研究[D].西安:西北大学,2007.
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