湿地法处理生活污水对仙桃湿地地表水微生物群落结构的影响
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摘要
【背景】随着中小城市经济的高速发展和人们生活水平的提高,生活污水排放量也日益增大,致使水源水质污染呈恶化趋势。【目的】了解湿地法处理生活污水对湿地地表水微生物群落多样性变化的影响。【方法】对人工湿地(仙桃)参照点(-2 000)、200、400、600、3 000、5 000 m水平方向6点地表水进行理化检测,再通过高通量测序对微生物群落结构进行解析,并探讨微生物群落结构变化与生活污水的污染效应。【结果】当湿地法处理的生活污水到达5 000 m时,化学需氧量、氨态氮、总氮和总磷均达《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级标准,且理化指标之间均呈极显著正相关。样品在门水平上的优势物种分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)可用来作为排放生活污水污染物的指示性微生物,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)可用来作为排放生活污水净化的指示性微生物。【结论】首次比较分析了湿地法处理仙桃生活污水地表水环境中微生物群落多样性变化的情况,可使人们从微生物层面更加明确地了解人工湿地运作机理及地表水环境的污染情况。
[Background] With the rapid development of economy in middle and small cities and the improvement of people's living standard, Which the discharge of domestic sewage is also magnify,resulting in a worsening trend of water quality pollution. [Objective] To understand the effect of domestic sewage treatment on changes of microbial community diversity in wetland surface water.[Methods] Physical and chemical tests were conducted on 6 points of surface water in reference points(-2 000), 200, 400, 600, 3 000 and 5 000 m in constructed wetlands(Xiantao), Then the microbial community structure was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing, and the effects of microbial community structure change and domestic sewage pollution were also discussed. [Results] When the sewage treated by wetland method reached 5 000 m, Chemical oxygen demand(COD), NH4+N, Total nitrogen(TN) and Total phosphorus(TP) reached the first grade standard of pollutant discharge standard for urban sewage treatment plant, and there was a very significant positive correlation between the physical and chemical indexes. The dominant phyla in the studied surface water were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi. Proteobacteria can be used as an indicator microorganism for the discharge of pollutants from domestic sewage. Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi can be used as an indicator microorganism for the purification of domestic sewage. [Conclusion] The changes of microbial community diversity in the surface water environment of Xiantao domestic sewage treatment were compared for the first time, which can make people understand the operation mechanism of constructed wetland and the pollution of surface water environment more clearly from the microbiological level.
[Background] With the rapid development of economy in middle and small cities and the improvement of people's living standard, Which the discharge of domestic sewage is also magnify,resulting in a worsening trend of water quality pollution. [Objective] To understand the effect of domestic sewage treatment on changes of microbial community diversity in wetland surface water.[Methods] Physical and chemical tests were conducted on 6 points of surface water in reference points(-2 000), 200, 400, 600, 3 000 and 5 000 m in constructed wetlands(Xiantao), Then the microbial community structure was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing, and the effects of microbial community structure change and domestic sewage pollution were also discussed. [Results] When the sewage treated by wetland method reached 5 000 m, Chemical oxygen demand(COD), NH4+N, Total nitrogen(TN) and Total phosphorus(TP) reached the first grade standard of pollutant discharge standard for urban sewage treatment plant, and there was a very significant positive correlation between the physical and chemical indexes. The dominant phyla in the studied surface water were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi. Proteobacteria can be used as an indicator microorganism for the discharge of pollutants from domestic sewage. Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi can be used as an indicator microorganism for the purification of domestic sewage. [Conclusion] The changes of microbial community diversity in the surface water environment of Xiantao domestic sewage treatment were compared for the first time, which can make people understand the operation mechanism of constructed wetland and the pollution of surface water environment more clearly from the microbiological level.
引文
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[3]Ariane LP,Jeffrey WM,Diana NF,et al.Environmental factors at dissimilar spatial scales influence plant and microbial communities in restored wetlands[J].Wetlands,2012,32(6):1125-1134
[4]Sánchez-Carrillo S,Reddy KR,Inglett KS,et al.Biogeochemical indicators of nutrient enrichments in wetlands:the microbial response as a sensitive indicator of wetland eutrophication[A]//Ansari AA,Gill SS,eds.Eutrophication:Causes,Consequences and Control[M].Dordrecht:Springer,2014:203-222
[5]Pei XC,Xu YL,Wei W.A review on soil microorganisms in wetland ecosystem[J].Wetland Science,2009,7(2):181-186(in Chinese)裴希超,许艳丽,魏巍.湿地生态系统土壤微生物研究进展[J].湿地科学,2009,7(2):181-186
[6]Liu W,Wang TJ,Tang HL,et al.The research progress of high-throughput bacterial species identification[J].Microbiology China,2014,41(12):2501-2509(in Chinese)刘伟,王腾蛟,唐海琳,等.高通量细菌鉴定方法研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2014,41(12):2501-2509
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[9]Sun Z,Li GP,Wang CW,et al.Community dynamics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes in an estuary reservoir[J].Scientific Reports,2014,4:6966
[10]Zurita F,de Anda J,Belmont MA.Treatment of domestic wastewater and production of commercial flowers in vertical and horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands[J].Ecological Engineering,2009,35(5):861-869
[11]Valipour A,Raman VK,Ghole VS.A new approach in wetland systems for domestic wastewater treatment using Phragmites sp.[J].Ecological Engineering,2009,35(12):1797-1803
[12]LüXJ,Wei WX,Zhou AH,et al.Experimental study on removal of landfill site ammonia nitrogen pollution to groundwater in combinationally constructed wetlands[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(27):210-214(in Chinese)吕晓建,魏文侠,周爱红,等.组合式人工湿地系统去除垃圾填埋场地下水氨氮污染试验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(27):210-214
[13]Environmental Protection Department of the People’s Republic of China.GB 11914-1989 Water quality-Determination of the chemical oxygen demand-Dichromate method[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1989(in Chinese)国家环境保护总局.GB 11914-1989水质化学需氧量的测定重铬酸盐法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1989
[14]Environmental Protection Department of the People’s Republic of China.HJ 636-2012 Water quality-Determinatuon of total nitrogen-alkaline potassium persulfate digestion-UVspectrophotometric method[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2012(in Chinese)中华人民共和国环境保护部.HJ 636-2012水质总氮的测定碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012
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[16]Environmental Protection Department of the People’s Republic of China.GB 7479-1987 Water quality-Dectermination of ammonium Nessler’s reagent colormetric method[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1987(in Chinese)国家环境保护局.GB 7479-1987水质铵的测定纳氏试剂比色法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社出版,1987
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[18]Chen F,Bao HJ.Assessment of pollution sources in Laoshan Reservoir and its countermeasures[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(4):104-108(in Chinese)陈芳,包慧娟.崂山水库污染源评价分析及治理对策[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(4):104-108
[19]Yang F,Fu Y,Liang HG,et al.Brief introduction to Jianghan plain constructed wetland system hydrogeological[J].China Mining Magazine,2014,23(z2):110-113(in Chinese)杨帆,付艳,梁和国,等.江汉平原地区人工湿地系统水文地质概况[J].中国矿业,2014,23(z2):110-113
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[21]Dou NS.Research on affecting performance and bacterial diversity of biological aerated filter for municipal wastewater treatment[D].Qingdao:Master’s Thesis of Ocean University of China,2010(in Chinese)窦娜莎.曝气生物滤池处理城市污水的主要影响因素及细菌多样性研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学硕士学位论文,2010
[22]Li SM.Research on advanced treatment process and microflora structural characteristics of O3+MBSF for secondary effluent of the wwtp[D].Taiyuan:Doctoral Dissertation of Taiyuan University of Technology,2016(in Chinese)李思敏.污水厂二级出水深度处理O3+MBSF工艺及微生物群落结构特性研究[D].太原:太原理工大学博士学位论文,2016
[23]Sun DL,Jiang X,Wu QLL,et al.Intragenomic heterogeneity of16S r RNA genes causes overestimation of prokaryotic diversity[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2013,79(19):5962-5969
[24]Case RJ,Boucher Y,Dahll?f I,et al.Use of 16S rRNA and rpo Bgenes as molecular markers for microbial ecology studies[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(1):278-288
[25]Ji ZS,Guan WB,Su SG,et al.The intestinal microflora in silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2014,29(1):22-26(in Chinese)祭仲石,管卫兵,苏孙国,等.鲢、鳙肠道微生物的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(1):22-26
[26]Larsen P,Nielsen JL,Otzen D,et al.Amyloid-like adhesins produced by floc-forming and filamentous bacteria in activated sludge[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2008,74(5):1517-1526
[27]Kragelund C,Levantesi C,Borger A.Identity,abundance and ecophysiology of filamentous Chloroflexi species present in activated sludge treatment plants[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2007,59(3):671-682
[28]Mizuki E,Maeda M,Tanaka R,et al.Bacillus thuringiensis:a common member of microflora in activated sludges of a sewage treatment plant[J].Current Microbiology,2001,42(6):422-425
[29]Zhang T,Shao MF,Lin Y.454 Pyrosequencing reveals bacterial diversity of activated sludge from 14 sewage treatment plants[J].The ISME Journal,2012,6(6):1137-1147
[30]Dong XL,Reddy GB.Soil bacterial communities in constructed wetlands treated with swine wastewater using PCR-DGGEtechnique[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(4):1175-1182
[31]Zeng YH.Microbial diversity and environmental adaptation mechanisms in typical Marine environments[D].Xiamen:Doctoral Dissertation of Xiamen University,2008:1-6(in Chinese)曾永辉.典型海洋环境中浮游细菌多样性及环境适应机制的研究[D].厦门:厦门大学博士学位论文,2008:1-6
[32]Ye RW,Thomas SM.Microbial nitrogen cycles:physiology,genomics and applications[J].Current Opinion in Microbiology,2001,4(3):307-312
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