耕作措施对陇中旱农区土壤细菌群落的影响
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摘要
为探究耕作措施对陇中旱农区麦豆轮作系统土壤细菌多样性的影响,借助2001年在陇中旱农区建立的不同耕作措施长期定位试验,应用高通量测序技术比较传统耕作(T)与3种保护性耕作(免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(TS)和免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS))对麦豆轮作体系土壤有机碳、全氮、微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮及细菌群落结构影响。结果表明:1)相对于传统耕作,秸秆还田显著增加0～10 cm、10～30 cm土壤有机碳、全氮、微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量,其中NTS处理0～10 cm、10～30 cm土层有机碳、全氮、微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量较传统耕作分别提高28.27%、114.16%、13.51%、49.14%和39.86%、98.05%、10.78%、40.72%。2)酸杆菌门(26.42%)、变形菌门(19.86%)和放线菌门(19.44%)为陇中旱农区麦豆轮作系统土壤细菌的主要优势种群,NTS处理下酸杆菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门丰度较传统耕作显著提高35.11%、33.77%和30.17%。3)与传统耕作相比,保护性耕作提高了0～30cm土层土壤细菌的Observedspecies指数、Chao指数、香农指数、辛普森指数,以NTS处理提高最为显著。因此,在陇中旱农区推广以免耕秸秆覆盖为主的保护性耕作措施有利于增加土壤碳氮固存、提高土壤细菌群落丰度和多样性和土壤的生物活性,促进农业的可持续发展。
【Objective】The objective of the study was to investigate effects of tillage on soil bacterial diversity and soil properties in upland under a wheat-bean rotation system.【Method】A long-term stationary field experiment was started on tillage in an upland in Central Gansu in 2001. The experiment was designed to have four treatments, i.e. Treatment T(conventional tillage), Treatment NT(no tillage),Treatment TS(conventional tillage with straw returned), and Treatment NTS(no tillage with straw mulched).【Result】Results show: 1) Compared with Treatment T, Treatments NTS and TS significantly increased the contents of soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen in the 0～10 cm and 10～30 cm soil layers, especially Treatment NTS, which increased the contents of soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen by 28.27%, 114.16%, 13.51% and 49.14%, respectively, in the 0～10 cm soil layer and by 39.86%, 98.05%, 10.78% and 40.72%, respectively, in the 10～30 cm soil layer; 2)Acidobacteria(26.42%), Proteobacteria(19.86%) and Actinomycetes(19.44%) were the main dominant groups of bacteria, accounting for 26.42%, 19.86% and 19.44%, respectively, of the total population of the soil bacterial community in the upland. Treatment NTS increased the abundance of the three groups by 35.11%, 33.77% and 30.17%, respectively; and 3) Compared with the traditional tillage, the three conservation tillage practices increased the soil microbial in the 0～30 cm soil layer in Observed-species index, Chao index, Shannon index and Simpson index, and the effect of treatment NTS was the most significant.【Conclusion】Therefore, conservation tillage practices such as no-tillage with straw mulching would not only increase soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration, improve abundance and diversity of the soil bacterial community and soil biological activity, but can also promote sustainable development of the agriculture in the dryland farming area of Central Gansu.
【Objective】The objective of the study was to investigate effects of tillage on soil bacterial diversity and soil properties in upland under a wheat-bean rotation system.【Method】A long-term stationary field experiment was started on tillage in an upland in Central Gansu in 2001. The experiment was designed to have four treatments, i.e. Treatment T(conventional tillage), Treatment NT(no tillage),Treatment TS(conventional tillage with straw returned), and Treatment NTS(no tillage with straw mulched).【Result】Results show: 1) Compared with Treatment T, Treatments NTS and TS significantly increased the contents of soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen in the 0～10 cm and 10～30 cm soil layers, especially Treatment NTS, which increased the contents of soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen by 28.27%, 114.16%, 13.51% and 49.14%, respectively, in the 0～10 cm soil layer and by 39.86%, 98.05%, 10.78% and 40.72%, respectively, in the 10～30 cm soil layer; 2)Acidobacteria(26.42%), Proteobacteria(19.86%) and Actinomycetes(19.44%) were the main dominant groups of bacteria, accounting for 26.42%, 19.86% and 19.44%, respectively, of the total population of the soil bacterial community in the upland. Treatment NTS increased the abundance of the three groups by 35.11%, 33.77% and 30.17%, respectively; and 3) Compared with the traditional tillage, the three conservation tillage practices increased the soil microbial in the 0～30 cm soil layer in Observed-species index, Chao index, Shannon index and Simpson index, and the effect of treatment NTS was the most significant.【Conclusion】Therefore, conservation tillage practices such as no-tillage with straw mulching would not only increase soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration, improve abundance and diversity of the soil bacterial community and soil biological activity, but can also promote sustainable development of the agriculture in the dryland farming area of Central Gansu.
引文
[1]Brussaard L,Ruiter P C D,Brown G G.Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2007,121(3):233-244
[2]Heijden M G A V D,Wagg C.Soil microbial diversity and agro-ecosystem functioning.Plant and Soil,2013,363(1/2):1-5
[3]王岳坤,洪葵.红树林土壤细菌群落16S rDNA V3片段PCR产物的DGGE分析.微生物学报,2005,45(2):201-204Wa n g Y K,Hong K.Mangrove soil community analysis using DGGE of 16S rDNA V3 fragment polymerase chain reaction products(In Chinese).Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2005,45(2):201-204
[4]Kulmatiski A,Beard K H,Stevens J R,et al.Plantsoil feedbacks:A meta-analytical review.Ecology Letters,2008,11(9):980-992
[5]Edgar R C.UPARSE:Highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads.Nature Methods,2013,DOI:10.1038/nmeth.2604
[6]董立国,袁汉民,李生宝,等.玉米免耕秸秆覆盖对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响.生态环境学报,2010,19(2):444-446Dong L G,Yuan H M,Li S B,et al.Influence on soil microbial community functional diversity for maize no-tillage with straw mulch(In Chinese).Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(2):444-446
[7]林云红,查永丽,毛昆明,等.小麦秸秆覆盖量对不同植烟土壤微生物数量的影响.作物研究,2012,26(6):664-667Lin Y H,Zha Y L,Mao K M,et al.Effects of wheat straw mulching amount on the quantity of microorganisms in different tobacco planting soil(In Chinese).Crop Research,2012,26(6):664-667
[8]Petersen S O,Frohne P S,Kennedy A C.Dynamics of a soil microbial community under spring wheat.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2002,66(3):826-833
[9]Spedding T A,Hamel C,Mehuys G R,et al.Soil microbial dynamics in maize-growing soil under different tillage and residue management systems.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2004,36(3):499-512
[10]罗珠珠,黄高宝,张仁陟,等.长期保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤肥力质量的影响.中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):458-464Luo Z Z,Huang G B,Zhang R Z,et al.Effect of long-term conservation tillage on soil fertility in rainfed areas of the Loess Plateau(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18(3):458-464
[11]武均,蔡立群,罗珠珠,等.保护性耕作对陇中黄土高原雨养农田土壤物理性状的影响.水土保持学报,2014,28(2):112-117Wu J,Cai L Q,Luo Z Z,et al.Effect of conservation tillage on soil physical properties of rainfed of the Loess Plateau in central of Gansu(In Chinese).Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(2):112-117
[12]王琳,李玲玲,高立峰,等.长期保护性耕作对黄绵土总有机碳和易氧化有机碳动态的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(9):1057-1063Wang L,Li L L,Gao L F,et al.Effect of long-term conservation tillage on total organic carbon and readily oxidizable organic carbon in loess soils(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(9):1057-1063
[13]何玉梅,张仁陟,张丽华,等.不同耕作措施对土壤真菌群落结构与生态特征的影响.生态学报,2007,27(1):113-119He Y M,Zhang R Z,Zhang L H,et al.Effects of different tillage practices on fungi community structure and ecologic characteristics in loess soils(In Chinese).Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(1):113-119
[14]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000Lu R K.Analytical methods for soil and agro-chemistry(In Chinese).Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000
[15]Wu J,J o e rgensen R G,Pommerening B,e t al.Measurement of soil microbial biomass C by fumigation-extraction-An automated procedure.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1990,22(8):1167-1169
[16]Caporaso J G,Kuczynski J,Stombaugh J,et al.QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.Nature Methods,2010,DOI:10.1038/nmeth.f.303
[17]Schloss P D,Westcott S L,Ryabin T,et al.Introducing mothur:Open-source,plat form-independent,community-supported software for describing and compar ing microbial communit ies.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2009,75(23):7537-7541
[18]Quast C,Pruesse E,Yilmaz P,et al.The SILVAribosomal RNA gene database project:Improved data processing and web-based tools.Nucleic Acids Research,2013,41(D1):D590-D596
[19]邱建军,王立刚,李虎,等.农田土壤有机碳含量对作物产量影响的模拟研究.中国农业科学,2009,42(1):154-161Qiu J J,Wang L G,Li H,et al.Modeling the impacts of soil organic carbon content of croplands on crop yields(In Chinese).Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(1):154-161
[20]庞绪,何文清,严昌荣,等.耕作措施对土壤水热特性和微生物生物量碳的影响.生态学报,2013,33(4):1308-1316Pang X,He W Q,Yan C R,et al.Effect of tillage and residue management on dynamic of soil microbial biomass carbon(In Chinese).Acta Ecologica Sinica2013,33(4):1308-1316
[21]王燕,王小彬,刘爽,等.保护性耕作及其对土壤有机碳的影响.中国生态农业学报,2008,16(3):766-771Wang Y,Wang X B,Liu S,et al.Conservation t i l lage and its effect on soil organic carbon(I n Chinese).Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2008,16(3):766-771
[22]苏永中,赵哈林.土壤有机碳储量、影响因素及其环境效应的研究进展.中国沙漠,2002,22(3):220-228Su Y Z,Zhao H L.Advances in research on soil organic carbon storage,affecting factors and its environmental effects(In Chinese).Journal of Desert Research,2002,22(3):220-228
[23]郑有飞,石春红,吴芳芳,等.土壤微生物活性影响因子的研究进展.土壤通报,2009,40(5):1209-1214Z h e n g Y F,Shi C H,Wu F F,et al.Research advances on the factors influencing the activity of soil microorganism(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2009,40(5):1209-1214
[24]Debosz K,Rasmussen PH,Pedersen AR.“Corrigendum to“Temporal variations in microbial biomass C and cellulolytic enzyme activity in arable soils:Effects of organic matter input”:[App.Soil Ecol.13(1999)209-218].”Applied Soil Ecology,2000,14(1):81-82
[25]李玉洁,李刚,宋晓龙,等.休牧对贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响.草业学报,2013,22(6):21-30Li Y J,Li G,Song X L,et al.Effect of rest-grazing on soil microbial community functional diversity in Stipa baicalensi s steppe(In Chinese).Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(6):21-30
[26]Dick R P.Long-term effects of agricultural systems on soil biochemical and microbial parameters.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,1992,40(1/4):25-36
[27]袁铭章,刘树堂,陈延玲,等.16S rDNA扩增子测序揭示长期定位秸秆还田对土壤细菌群落的影响.华北农学报,2016,31(6):157-163Yuan M Z,Liu S T,Chen Y L,et al.Illumina amplicon sequencing of 16S rDNA tag reveals bacteria community development of long-term straw returning soil(In Chinese).Acta Agriculture Boreali Sinica,2016,31(6):157-163
[28]刘卉,周清明,黎娟.秸秆还田对土壤改良及作物生长影响的研究进展.中国农学通报,2 0 1 7,3 3(32):53-57Liu H,Zhou Q M,Li J.Effect of straw returning on soil improvement and crop growth:research progress(In Chinese).Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(32):53-57
[29]范丙全,刘巧玲.保护性耕作与秸秆还田对土壤微生物及其溶磷特性的影响.中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):130-132Fan B Q,Liu Q L.Effects of conservation tillage and straw application on the soil microorganism and P-dissolving characteristics(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2005,13(3):130-132
[30]汪海静.土壤微生物多样性的主要影响因素.北方环境,2011,23(Z1):90-91Wang H J.The main affecting factors of soil microbial diversity(In Chinese).Northern Environmental,2011,23(Z1):90-91
[2]Heijden M G A V D,Wagg C.Soil microbial diversity and agro-ecosystem functioning.Plant and Soil,2013,363(1/2):1-5
[3]王岳坤,洪葵.红树林土壤细菌群落16S rDNA V3片段PCR产物的DGGE分析.微生物学报,2005,45(2):201-204Wa n g Y K,Hong K.Mangrove soil community analysis using DGGE of 16S rDNA V3 fragment polymerase chain reaction products(In Chinese).Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2005,45(2):201-204
[4]Kulmatiski A,Beard K H,Stevens J R,et al.Plantsoil feedbacks:A meta-analytical review.Ecology Letters,2008,11(9):980-992
[5]Edgar R C.UPARSE:Highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads.Nature Methods,2013,DOI:10.1038/nmeth.2604
[6]董立国,袁汉民,李生宝,等.玉米免耕秸秆覆盖对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响.生态环境学报,2010,19(2):444-446Dong L G,Yuan H M,Li S B,et al.Influence on soil microbial community functional diversity for maize no-tillage with straw mulch(In Chinese).Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(2):444-446
[7]林云红,查永丽,毛昆明,等.小麦秸秆覆盖量对不同植烟土壤微生物数量的影响.作物研究,2012,26(6):664-667Lin Y H,Zha Y L,Mao K M,et al.Effects of wheat straw mulching amount on the quantity of microorganisms in different tobacco planting soil(In Chinese).Crop Research,2012,26(6):664-667
[8]Petersen S O,Frohne P S,Kennedy A C.Dynamics of a soil microbial community under spring wheat.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2002,66(3):826-833
[9]Spedding T A,Hamel C,Mehuys G R,et al.Soil microbial dynamics in maize-growing soil under different tillage and residue management systems.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2004,36(3):499-512
[10]罗珠珠,黄高宝,张仁陟,等.长期保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤肥力质量的影响.中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):458-464Luo Z Z,Huang G B,Zhang R Z,et al.Effect of long-term conservation tillage on soil fertility in rainfed areas of the Loess Plateau(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18(3):458-464
[11]武均,蔡立群,罗珠珠,等.保护性耕作对陇中黄土高原雨养农田土壤物理性状的影响.水土保持学报,2014,28(2):112-117Wu J,Cai L Q,Luo Z Z,et al.Effect of conservation tillage on soil physical properties of rainfed of the Loess Plateau in central of Gansu(In Chinese).Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(2):112-117
[12]王琳,李玲玲,高立峰,等.长期保护性耕作对黄绵土总有机碳和易氧化有机碳动态的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(9):1057-1063Wang L,Li L L,Gao L F,et al.Effect of long-term conservation tillage on total organic carbon and readily oxidizable organic carbon in loess soils(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(9):1057-1063
[13]何玉梅,张仁陟,张丽华,等.不同耕作措施对土壤真菌群落结构与生态特征的影响.生态学报,2007,27(1):113-119He Y M,Zhang R Z,Zhang L H,et al.Effects of different tillage practices on fungi community structure and ecologic characteristics in loess soils(In Chinese).Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(1):113-119
[14]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000Lu R K.Analytical methods for soil and agro-chemistry(In Chinese).Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000
[15]Wu J,J o e rgensen R G,Pommerening B,e t al.Measurement of soil microbial biomass C by fumigation-extraction-An automated procedure.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1990,22(8):1167-1169
[16]Caporaso J G,Kuczynski J,Stombaugh J,et al.QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.Nature Methods,2010,DOI:10.1038/nmeth.f.303
[17]Schloss P D,Westcott S L,Ryabin T,et al.Introducing mothur:Open-source,plat form-independent,community-supported software for describing and compar ing microbial communit ies.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2009,75(23):7537-7541
[18]Quast C,Pruesse E,Yilmaz P,et al.The SILVAribosomal RNA gene database project:Improved data processing and web-based tools.Nucleic Acids Research,2013,41(D1):D590-D596
[19]邱建军,王立刚,李虎,等.农田土壤有机碳含量对作物产量影响的模拟研究.中国农业科学,2009,42(1):154-161Qiu J J,Wang L G,Li H,et al.Modeling the impacts of soil organic carbon content of croplands on crop yields(In Chinese).Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(1):154-161
[20]庞绪,何文清,严昌荣,等.耕作措施对土壤水热特性和微生物生物量碳的影响.生态学报,2013,33(4):1308-1316Pang X,He W Q,Yan C R,et al.Effect of tillage and residue management on dynamic of soil microbial biomass carbon(In Chinese).Acta Ecologica Sinica2013,33(4):1308-1316
[21]王燕,王小彬,刘爽,等.保护性耕作及其对土壤有机碳的影响.中国生态农业学报,2008,16(3):766-771Wang Y,Wang X B,Liu S,et al.Conservation t i l lage and its effect on soil organic carbon(I n Chinese).Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2008,16(3):766-771
[22]苏永中,赵哈林.土壤有机碳储量、影响因素及其环境效应的研究进展.中国沙漠,2002,22(3):220-228Su Y Z,Zhao H L.Advances in research on soil organic carbon storage,affecting factors and its environmental effects(In Chinese).Journal of Desert Research,2002,22(3):220-228
[23]郑有飞,石春红,吴芳芳,等.土壤微生物活性影响因子的研究进展.土壤通报,2009,40(5):1209-1214Z h e n g Y F,Shi C H,Wu F F,et al.Research advances on the factors influencing the activity of soil microorganism(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2009,40(5):1209-1214
[24]Debosz K,Rasmussen PH,Pedersen AR.“Corrigendum to“Temporal variations in microbial biomass C and cellulolytic enzyme activity in arable soils:Effects of organic matter input”:[App.Soil Ecol.13(1999)209-218].”Applied Soil Ecology,2000,14(1):81-82
[25]李玉洁,李刚,宋晓龙,等.休牧对贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响.草业学报,2013,22(6):21-30Li Y J,Li G,Song X L,et al.Effect of rest-grazing on soil microbial community functional diversity in Stipa baicalensi s steppe(In Chinese).Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(6):21-30
[26]Dick R P.Long-term effects of agricultural systems on soil biochemical and microbial parameters.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,1992,40(1/4):25-36
[27]袁铭章,刘树堂,陈延玲,等.16S rDNA扩增子测序揭示长期定位秸秆还田对土壤细菌群落的影响.华北农学报,2016,31(6):157-163Yuan M Z,Liu S T,Chen Y L,et al.Illumina amplicon sequencing of 16S rDNA tag reveals bacteria community development of long-term straw returning soil(In Chinese).Acta Agriculture Boreali Sinica,2016,31(6):157-163
[28]刘卉,周清明,黎娟.秸秆还田对土壤改良及作物生长影响的研究进展.中国农学通报,2 0 1 7,3 3(32):53-57Liu H,Zhou Q M,Li J.Effect of straw returning on soil improvement and crop growth:research progress(In Chinese).Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(32):53-57
[29]范丙全,刘巧玲.保护性耕作与秸秆还田对土壤微生物及其溶磷特性的影响.中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):130-132Fan B Q,Liu Q L.Effects of conservation tillage and straw application on the soil microorganism and P-dissolving characteristics(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2005,13(3):130-132
[30]汪海静.土壤微生物多样性的主要影响因素.北方环境,2011,23(Z1):90-91Wang H J.The main affecting factors of soil microbial diversity(In Chinese).Northern Environmental,2011,23(Z1):90-91
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