武陵源世界自然遗产地兽类和鸟类多样性的红外相机初步监测
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摘要
武陵源世界自然遗产地地处我国生物多样性关键区域之一的武陵山脉,保护优先级别高,但遗产地自建立以来一直未开展系统的野生动植物资源本底调查,这不利于遗产地的有效管理。为了掌握遗产地兽类和鸟类资源现状,促进生物多样性的科学保护,2016年1月至2017年7月,我们利用36台红外相机,在武陵源世界自然遗产地共布设了107个位点,每个位点工作4个月左右。结果表明:共获得野生兽类独立有效照片607张,隶属于4目8科的14种;物种相对丰富度指数排前7位的兽类依次是猕猴(Macaca mulatta)、红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus)、猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)、鼬獾(Melogale moschata)、花面狸(Paguma larvata taivana)、毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)。共获得鸟类独立有效照片907张,隶属于5目10科的37种;物种相对丰富度指数排前7位的鸟类依次是紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus)、红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)、虎斑地鸫(Zoothera dauma)、红嘴蓝鹊(Urocissa erythrorhyncha)、灰翅鸫(Turdus boulboul)、黑领噪鹛(Garrulax pectoralis)、松鸦(Garrulus glandarius)。白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti)为国家一级重点保护野生动物;红腹锦鸡、红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)、勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)、凤头鹰(Accipiter trivirgatus)、猕猴为国家二级重点保护野生动物。猕猴、红腹锦鸡、紫啸鸫和红腿长吻松鼠为日行性动物,猪獾为夜行性动物。红腹锦鸡、紫啸鸫和红腿长吻松鼠在12:00～14:00活动频率下降,原因可能是这几种动物通过降低活动频率来躲避中午的高温和减少能量消耗。
Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Site is located in the Wuling Mountains in Hunan Province, one of the key areas of biodiversity in China, and has high protection priority.However, no systematic biodiversity survey has been carried out since it was established, which could hinder its effective management.To understand the current status of mammal and bird resources and promote the scientific protection of biodiversity in the area, we set up 36 infrared cameras at 107 sites from January 2016 to July 2017, with each site maintained for about 4 months.Among a total of 1 514 independent photos, 607 independent photos of mammals belonging to 4 orders, 8 families, and 14 species were recorded.The 7 species with the highest relative abundance index(RAI) among the 14 mammal species were: rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta), red-hipped squirrel(Dremomys pyrrhomerus), sand badger(Arctonyx collaris), Reeves' s muntjac(Muntiacus reevesi), Chinese ferret-badger(Melogale moschata), masked palm civet(Paguma larvata taivana), and tufted deer(Elaphodus cephalophus).There were 907 independent photos of birds belonging to 5 orders, 10 families, and 37 species.Among the 37 bird species, the 7 with the highest RAI were: blue whistling-thrush(Myophonus caeruleus), golden pheasant(Chrysolophus pictus), scaly thrush(Zoothera dauma), red-billed blue magpie(Urocissa erythrorhyncha), grey-winged blackbird(Turdus boulboul), greater necklaced laughing thrush(Garrulax pectoralis), and Eurasian jay(Garrulus glandarius).Elliot's pheasant(Syrmaticus ellioti) is a Class Ⅰ national protected species, while Chrysolophus pictus, Temminck's tragopan(Tragopan temminckii), koklass pheasant(Pucrasia macrolopha), crested goshawk(Accipiter trivirgatus), and Macaca mulatta are Class Ⅱ national protected species.Macaca mulatta, Chrysolophus pictus, Dremomys pyrrhomerus, and Myophonus caeruleus are diurnal species, while Arctonyx collaris is nocturnal.The activity frequency of Chrysolophus pictus, Myophonus caeruleus, and Dremomys pyrrhomerus decreased between 12:00 and 14:00.Possibly, these animals avoid high temperatures at noon to reduce the energy consumption associated with activity.
Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Site is located in the Wuling Mountains in Hunan Province, one of the key areas of biodiversity in China, and has high protection priority.However, no systematic biodiversity survey has been carried out since it was established, which could hinder its effective management.To understand the current status of mammal and bird resources and promote the scientific protection of biodiversity in the area, we set up 36 infrared cameras at 107 sites from January 2016 to July 2017, with each site maintained for about 4 months.Among a total of 1 514 independent photos, 607 independent photos of mammals belonging to 4 orders, 8 families, and 14 species were recorded.The 7 species with the highest relative abundance index(RAI) among the 14 mammal species were: rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta), red-hipped squirrel(Dremomys pyrrhomerus), sand badger(Arctonyx collaris), Reeves' s muntjac(Muntiacus reevesi), Chinese ferret-badger(Melogale moschata), masked palm civet(Paguma larvata taivana), and tufted deer(Elaphodus cephalophus).There were 907 independent photos of birds belonging to 5 orders, 10 families, and 37 species.Among the 37 bird species, the 7 with the highest RAI were: blue whistling-thrush(Myophonus caeruleus), golden pheasant(Chrysolophus pictus), scaly thrush(Zoothera dauma), red-billed blue magpie(Urocissa erythrorhyncha), grey-winged blackbird(Turdus boulboul), greater necklaced laughing thrush(Garrulax pectoralis), and Eurasian jay(Garrulus glandarius).Elliot's pheasant(Syrmaticus ellioti) is a Class Ⅰ national protected species, while Chrysolophus pictus, Temminck's tragopan(Tragopan temminckii), koklass pheasant(Pucrasia macrolopha), crested goshawk(Accipiter trivirgatus), and Macaca mulatta are Class Ⅱ national protected species.Macaca mulatta, Chrysolophus pictus, Dremomys pyrrhomerus, and Myophonus caeruleus are diurnal species, while Arctonyx collaris is nocturnal.The activity frequency of Chrysolophus pictus, Myophonus caeruleus, and Dremomys pyrrhomerus decreased between 12:00 and 14:00.Possibly, these animals avoid high temperatures at noon to reduce the energy consumption associated with activity.
引文
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Gerber B, Williams P, Bailey L.2014.Primates and cameras.International Journal of Primatology, 35(5): 841-858.
He X L, Luo K, Lu Z Y, Xiao Z S, Lin L X.2018.Preliminary camera-trapping survey on wild mammals and birds in Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 38(3): 318-322.(in Chinese)
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Liu J, Lin J Z, Li S Q, Li Y B, Yao Z M, Wei L M, Tan C J, Zhou Q H, Huang C M.2018.Preliminary investigation for mammal and bird resources using infrared camera traps in Maolan National Nature Reserve, Guizhou.Acta Theriologica Sinica, 38(3):323-330.(in Chinese)
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Li S, Wang D J, Xiao Z S, Li X H, Wang T M, Feng L M, Wang Y.2014.Camera-trapping in wildlife research and conservation in China: review and outlook. Biodiversity Science, 22(6): 685-695.(in Chinese)
Li S Q, Wang G H, Shi Z P, Li X K, Xiao Z S, Zhou Q H.2016.Infrared camera traps for monitoring mammal and bird diversity and activity pattern in limestone habitats. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 36(3): 272-281.(in Chinese)
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Wu J P, Luo H, Zhu X L, Li B Z, Liu W L, Ci P.2016.Monitoring mammals and birds with camera traps at different altitudes of Medog, Tibet. Biodiversity Science, 24(3):351-354.(in Chinese)
Wu Y G, Ye Z L, Wu Y S, Xu D M, Zhou R F.2017.Activity patterns of Lophura nycthemera based on camera trap data. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 36(1): 25-29.(in Chinese)
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Xiao Z S, Li X H, Jiang G S.2014.Applications of camera trapping to wildlife surveys in China. Biodiversity Science, 22(6): 683-684.(in Chinese)
Xiao Z S, Li X Y, Xiang Z F, Li M, Jiang X L, Zhang L B.2017.Overview of the mammal diversity observation network of Sino BON.Biodiversity Science,25(3):237-245.(in Chinese)
Xu A C, Si X F, Wang Y P, Ding P.2014.Camera traps and the minimum trapping effort for ground-dwelling mammals in fragmented habitats in the Thousand Island Lake, Zhejiang Province.Biodiversity Science,22(6):764-772.(in Chinese)
Xie W H, Yang X F, Yu J J, Li J N, Tao S L, Lu Z J, Wang X Z, Xiao Z S.2014.A survey of mammals and birds using camera traps in Badagongshan Forest Dynamics Plot, Central China.Biodiversity Science, 22(6):816-818.(in Chinese)
Yu G Q, Kang Z J, Liu M S, Chen Z F, Deng Z C.2018.Preliminary survey using infrared camera reveals fauna and avifauna diversity at Hupingshan National Nature Reserve, Hunan, China.Acta Theriologica Sinica,38(1):104-112.(in Chinese)
Zhang L B, Cui S P, Huang Y J, Chen D Q, Qiao H J, Li C W, Jiang Z G.2014.Infrared camera traps in wildlife research and monitoring in China: issues and insights.Biodiversity Science,22(6): 696-703.(in Chinese)
Zhang Y S, Jiang W J, Jiang J, Wang D, Wu J G, Liu M F, Bao W D.2017.Biodiversity monitoring of understory birds and mammals in Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve.Chinese Journal of Wildlife,38(3):367-375.(in Chinese)
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Chen Y X, Xiao Z S, Li M, Wang X W, He C X, He G P, Li H S, Shi S J, Xiang Z F.2016.Prelimiary survey for the biodiversity of mammal and bird using camera traps in the west slope of mid-section Mt.Gaoligong.Acta Theriologica Sinica, 36(3): 306-312.(in Chinese)
Gerber B, Williams P, Bailey L.2014.Primates and cameras.International Journal of Primatology, 35(5): 841-858.
He X L, Luo K, Lu Z Y, Xiao Z S, Lin L X.2018.Preliminary camera-trapping survey on wild mammals and birds in Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 38(3): 318-322.(in Chinese)
Liu F, Su X J, Li D Q, Wang B Z, Zhang Z L.2014a.Using camera trap to investigate animal diversity in Hunan Gaowangjie National Nature Reserve.Biodiversity Science, 22(6):779-784.(in Chinese)
Liu F, Li D Q, Wu J G.2014b.Using infra-red cameras to survey wildlife in Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,32(3): 730-739.(in Chinese)
Liu J, Lin J Z, Li S Q, Li Y B, Yao Z M, Wei L M, Tan C J, Zhou Q H, Huang C M.2018.Preliminary investigation for mammal and bird resources using infrared camera traps in Maolan National Nature Reserve, Guizhou.Acta Theriologica Sinica, 38(3):323-330.(in Chinese)
Li S, Wang D J, Gu X D, Williamj M S.2010.Beyond pandas, the need for a standardized monitoring protocol for large mammals in Chinese nature reserves.Biodiversity Conservation,19(11):3195-3206.
Li S, Wang D J, Xiao Z S, Li X H, Wang T M, Feng L M, Wang Y.2014.Camera-trapping in wildlife research and conservation in China: review and outlook. Biodiversity Science, 22(6): 685-695.(in Chinese)
Li S Q, Wang G H, Shi Z P, Li X K, Xiao Z S, Zhou Q H.2016.Infrared camera traps for monitoring mammal and bird diversity and activity pattern in limestone habitats. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 36(3): 272-281.(in Chinese)
Liu K, He J, Zhang J H, Feng J, Yu Q, Gu C M, Wu H L.2017.Mammal resource status in the mountain forest ecosystems of southern Anhui Province based on camera trap data.Biodiversity Science, 25(8): 896-903.(in Chinese)
McShea W, Forrester T, Costello R, He Z, Kays R.2016.Volunteer-run cameras as distributed sensors for macrosystem mammal research.Landscape Ecology,31(1):55-66.
Qu L M.2014.A Photographic Guide to the Bird of China.Fuzhou: Strait Press.(in Chinese)
Sa G G L, Shala H N P Y, Yuan L, Zhao X Z, Cheng Y, Gao L J.2017.Application of infrared triggered cameras to monitoring of wild animals in Xinjiang Lop Nor Wild Camel National Nature Reserve.Arid Environmental Monitoring,31(2):79-84.(in Chinese)
Sheng H L, Da T S, Ji Z, Lu H J.1998.Wild Mammals in China.Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House.(in Chinese)
Si X F, Ding P.2014.Camera trap survey on population dynamics of mammals and birds in Gutianshan Forest Dynamics Plot, eastern China.Biodiversity Science, 22(6):819-822.(in Chinese)
Smith A T, Xie Y.2009.A Guide to the Mammals of China.Changsha: Hunan Education Publishing House.(in Chinese)
Wegge P, Pokheral C P, Jnawali S R.2004.Effects of trapping effort and trap shyness on estimates of tiger abundance from camera trap studies.Animal Conservation, 7(3):251-256.
Wu J P, Luo H, Zhu X L, Li B Z, Liu W L, Ci P.2016.Monitoring mammals and birds with camera traps at different altitudes of Medog, Tibet. Biodiversity Science, 24(3):351-354.(in Chinese)
Wu Y G, Ye Z L, Wu Y S, Xu D M, Zhou R F.2017.Activity patterns of Lophura nycthemera based on camera trap data. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 36(1): 25-29.(in Chinese)
Wang L, Zhao W, Yang Z W,Tao J D,Bao X K.2014.The application of infrared camera in wildlife survey in mountainous regions.Chinese Journal of Wildlife,35(4):381-387.(in Chinese)
Wu P F, Liu X H, Cai Q, He X B, Melissa S, Zhu Y, Shao X M.2012.The application of infrared camera in mammal research in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve Shaanxi. Acta Theriologica Sinica,32(1):67-71.(in Chinese)
Xiao Z S, Li X H, Jiang G S.2014.Applications of camera trapping to wildlife surveys in China. Biodiversity Science, 22(6): 683-684.(in Chinese)
Xiao Z S, Li X Y, Xiang Z F, Li M, Jiang X L, Zhang L B.2017.Overview of the mammal diversity observation network of Sino BON.Biodiversity Science,25(3):237-245.(in Chinese)
Xu A C, Si X F, Wang Y P, Ding P.2014.Camera traps and the minimum trapping effort for ground-dwelling mammals in fragmented habitats in the Thousand Island Lake, Zhejiang Province.Biodiversity Science,22(6):764-772.(in Chinese)
Xie W H, Yang X F, Yu J J, Li J N, Tao S L, Lu Z J, Wang X Z, Xiao Z S.2014.A survey of mammals and birds using camera traps in Badagongshan Forest Dynamics Plot, Central China.Biodiversity Science, 22(6):816-818.(in Chinese)
Yu G Q, Kang Z J, Liu M S, Chen Z F, Deng Z C.2018.Preliminary survey using infrared camera reveals fauna and avifauna diversity at Hupingshan National Nature Reserve, Hunan, China.Acta Theriologica Sinica,38(1):104-112.(in Chinese)
Zhang L B, Cui S P, Huang Y J, Chen D Q, Qiao H J, Li C W, Jiang Z G.2014.Infrared camera traps in wildlife research and monitoring in China: issues and insights.Biodiversity Science,22(6): 696-703.(in Chinese)
Zhang Y S, Jiang W J, Jiang J, Wang D, Wu J G, Liu M F, Bao W D.2017.Biodiversity monitoring of understory birds and mammals in Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve.Chinese Journal of Wildlife,38(3):367-375.(in Chinese)
Smith A T,解炎.2009.中国兽类野外手册.长沙: 湖南教育出版社.
于桂清, 康祖杰, 刘美斯, 陈振法, 邓忠次.2018.利用红外相机对湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性的初步调查.兽类学报, 38(1):104-112.
王亮, 赵伟, 杨增武, 陶金鼎, 包新康.2014.红外触发相机技术在山区动物调查中的应用.野生动物学报, 35(4):381-387.
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