外挂武器对无人直升机纵向气动特性影响研究
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摘要
针对外挂武器对无人直升机纵向气动特性影响的问题,采用雷诺时均Navier-Stokes(Reynolds average Navier-Stokes,RANS)方法对加装武器系统前后,不同前飞速度、武器安装角和挂载状态下的气动特性进行了数值计算。然后将大速度前飞状态时的气动特性与加装外挂武器之前的风洞试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,采用悬臂梁外挂方式加装武器对阻力有显著影响,前飞速度和武器发射安装角变化对纵向气动特性几乎没有影响。外挂武器安装位置和数量变化对无人直升机的纵向气动特性影响很小。研究结果可为武装无人直升机选择合适的武器外挂和发射方式提供参考。
To study the influence of external store weapons on longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of unmanned helicopter,the aerodynamic characteristics before and after installing the external store weapon are calculated by Reynolds average Navier-Stokes(RANS) method with different flight speeds,weapon installation angles and loading conditions. Then the aerodynamic characteristics of high speed flight state are compared with the wind tunnel test results that before installing the external store weapon. The results show that the influence of external store weapons with cantilever beam on the drag is relatively large,the changes of flight speed and weapon angle have little influence on aerodynamic characteristics,and the influence of loading conditions on the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of unmanned helicopter is small. The results can provide a reference for the choice of suitable mode of weapons external store and launch for armed unmanned helicopter.
To study the influence of external store weapons on longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of unmanned helicopter,the aerodynamic characteristics before and after installing the external store weapon are calculated by Reynolds average Navier-Stokes(RANS) method with different flight speeds,weapon installation angles and loading conditions. Then the aerodynamic characteristics of high speed flight state are compared with the wind tunnel test results that before installing the external store weapon. The results show that the influence of external store weapons with cantilever beam on the drag is relatively large,the changes of flight speed and weapon angle have little influence on aerodynamic characteristics,and the influence of loading conditions on the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of unmanned helicopter is small. The results can provide a reference for the choice of suitable mode of weapons external store and launch for armed unmanned helicopter.
引文
[1]赵维义.救生绞车对直升机机身气动性能的影响研究[J].飞行力学,2006,24(3):26-29.ZHAO Weiyi. Research for effects of a lifesaving whim system on helicopter fuselage aerodynamic char-acteristics[J]. Flight Dynamics,2006,24(3):26-29.
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[9]程晓亮,李杰.螺旋桨滑流对机翼气动特性影响的方法研究[J].科学技术与工程,2011,11(14):3229-3235.CHENG Xiaoliang,LI Jie. Unsteady computational method for the propeller/wing interaction[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2011,11(14):3229-3235.
[10] KOZLOVSKY V B,SUMOVSKY N A,BARA-BASH S A,et al. Flight research of Mi-26 helicopter transportation of external parallelepiped cargo with sta-bilizing and aerodynamic drag reduction means[C]//Proceedings of American Helicopter Society 49th An-nual Forum. Missouri,USA:[s.n.],1993.
[11]聂光戍,魏贤智,王勇.外挂武器对载机飞行性能影响研究[J].空军工程大学学报(自然科学版),2003,4(2):24-27.NIE Guangshu,WEI Xianzhi,WANG Yong. Analy-sis of the effect of external stores on aircraft flight per-formance[J]. Journal of Air Force Engineering Univer-sity(Natlral Science Edition),2003,4(2):24-27.
[12] PETERSON A L. External fuel tanks for helicopters:The ultimate mission enhancer? The rest of the story[C]//Proceedings of American Helicopter Society51th Annual Forum. Fort Worth,USA:[s.n.],1995.
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[14]童中翔,董小龙.外挂对载机气动特性的影响研究[J].飞行力学,2005,23(2):32-34.TONG Zhongxiang,DONG Xiaolong. Study on influ-ence of external stores on aerodynamic characteristics of the fighter plane[J].Flight Dynamics,2005,23(2):32-34.
[15]吴刚.基于CFD方法的重型直升机吊挂流场及飞行特性分析[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2013.WU Gang. Analysis on flowfield and flight characteris-tics of heavy helicopter with slung load based upon CFD Method[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2013.
[16] PATTERSON B W,ENNS R,KING C,et al. De-sign and flight test of a hybrid external load stabiliza-tion system for an H-6 helicopter testbed[C]//Pro-ceedings of American Helicopter Society 71th Annual Forum. Virginia Beach,USA:[s.n.],2015.
[17] BLAZEK J. Computational fluid dynamics:Principles and applications[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,2001.
[18]雷乾勇,朱清华.风扇翼翼型气动特性研究[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2016,48(4):509-515.LEI Qianyong,ZHU Qinghua. Aerodynamic character-istics of fanwing airfoil based on CFD method[J].Jour-nal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronau-tics,2016,48(4):509-515.
[19]杜思亮,芦志明,唐正飞.开口壁式涵道螺旋桨气动特性数值模拟[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2017,49(2):173-182.DU Siliang,LU Zhiming,TANG Zhengfei. Numerical simulation on aerodynamic characteristics of air leak-age ducted propeller[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2017,49(2):173-182.
[2]刘运孝.外挂物在飞机上悬挂的气动相关性研究[J].飞行力学,1985(4):50-63.LIU Yunxiao. Study on the aerodynamic correlation of external store on aircraft[J]. Flight Dynamics,1985(4):50-63.
[3]任庆祝,赵晓霞,刘毅,等.螺旋桨飞机滑流对全机气动特性影响的试验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(15):214-217.REN Qingzhu,ZHAO Xiaoxia,LIU Yi,et al. The experimental investigation of slipstream effect on pro-peller-driven airplane[J]. Science Technology and En-gineering,2015,15(15):214-217.
[4]张召明.飞机外挂物投放低速风洞试验技术研究[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2003,35(3):318-321.ZHANG Zhaoming. Experimental research of jettison of aircraft external store in low speed wind tunnel[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astro-nautics,2003,35(3):318-321.
[5] ADREZIN R,GATES A,WEI F S,et al. Scaled model jettison tests of external stores during helicopter antorotation[C]//Proceedings of American Helicopter Society 56th Annual Forum. Virginia Beach,USA:[s.n.],2000.
[6]夏良.武器外挂和发射对直升机稳定性及运动参数的影响分析[J].飞行力学,1990(3):33-41.XIA Liang. Analysis the effect of carrying and launch-ing weapon on the stabilty and motion parameter of he-licopter[J]. Flight Dynamics,1990(3):33-41.
[7] TYNAN R J,BUCHMILLER G A. The influence of external loading on the design of a helicopter[C]//Proceedings of American Helicopter Society 22th An-nual Forum. New York,USA:[s.n.],1966.
[8]陈劲松.某无人机薄翼-挂架-外挂低速空气动力干扰数值计算[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1980,12(4):42-58.CHEN Jinsong. Numerical calculation of low speed aerodynamic interference of thin wing-pylon-store com-bination for a certain[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,1980,12(4):42-58.
[9]程晓亮,李杰.螺旋桨滑流对机翼气动特性影响的方法研究[J].科学技术与工程,2011,11(14):3229-3235.CHENG Xiaoliang,LI Jie. Unsteady computational method for the propeller/wing interaction[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2011,11(14):3229-3235.
[10] KOZLOVSKY V B,SUMOVSKY N A,BARA-BASH S A,et al. Flight research of Mi-26 helicopter transportation of external parallelepiped cargo with sta-bilizing and aerodynamic drag reduction means[C]//Proceedings of American Helicopter Society 49th An-nual Forum. Missouri,USA:[s.n.],1993.
[11]聂光戍,魏贤智,王勇.外挂武器对载机飞行性能影响研究[J].空军工程大学学报(自然科学版),2003,4(2):24-27.NIE Guangshu,WEI Xianzhi,WANG Yong. Analy-sis of the effect of external stores on aircraft flight per-formance[J]. Journal of Air Force Engineering Univer-sity(Natlral Science Edition),2003,4(2):24-27.
[12] PETERSON A L. External fuel tanks for helicopters:The ultimate mission enhancer? The rest of the story[C]//Proceedings of American Helicopter Society51th Annual Forum. Fort Worth,USA:[s.n.],1995.
[13] SVIRIDENKO A N,VOLODKO A M. Static stabili-ty and controllability of helicopter with an external load[C]//33th European Rotorcraft Forum. Kazan,Rus-sia:[s.n.],2007.
[14]童中翔,董小龙.外挂对载机气动特性的影响研究[J].飞行力学,2005,23(2):32-34.TONG Zhongxiang,DONG Xiaolong. Study on influ-ence of external stores on aerodynamic characteristics of the fighter plane[J].Flight Dynamics,2005,23(2):32-34.
[15]吴刚.基于CFD方法的重型直升机吊挂流场及飞行特性分析[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2013.WU Gang. Analysis on flowfield and flight characteris-tics of heavy helicopter with slung load based upon CFD Method[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2013.
[16] PATTERSON B W,ENNS R,KING C,et al. De-sign and flight test of a hybrid external load stabiliza-tion system for an H-6 helicopter testbed[C]//Pro-ceedings of American Helicopter Society 71th Annual Forum. Virginia Beach,USA:[s.n.],2015.
[17] BLAZEK J. Computational fluid dynamics:Principles and applications[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,2001.
[18]雷乾勇,朱清华.风扇翼翼型气动特性研究[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2016,48(4):509-515.LEI Qianyong,ZHU Qinghua. Aerodynamic character-istics of fanwing airfoil based on CFD method[J].Jour-nal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronau-tics,2016,48(4):509-515.
[19]杜思亮,芦志明,唐正飞.开口壁式涵道螺旋桨气动特性数值模拟[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2017,49(2):173-182.DU Siliang,LU Zhiming,TANG Zhengfei. Numerical simulation on aerodynamic characteristics of air leak-age ducted propeller[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2017,49(2):173-182.
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