中亚热带森林转换对土壤微生物群落结构的影响
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摘要
森林转换是土地利用变化的重要方式,通过改变森林植被类型,从而改变土壤生态系统;土壤微生物是土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,其变化与土壤肥力的改善密切相关.采用磷脂脂肪酸法对南平市顺昌县武坊林场的常绿阔叶天然次生林和杉木人工林的土壤微生物群落结构、土壤养分及其之间的相互关系进行研究.结果表明,常绿阔叶天然次生林土壤的总碳含量、全磷含量、铵态氮、微生物量碳以及碳氮比(C/N)均显著高于杉木人工林(P <0.05),而2个林分间土壤的总氮含量、有效磷含量差异无显著差异(P> 0.05).常绿阔叶天然次生林的革兰氏阳性菌、真菌、总磷脂脂肪酸(总PLFAs)、革兰氏阳性菌革兰氏阴性菌比(G~+:G~-)、细菌真菌比(F:B)显著高于杉木人工林.皮尔森相关分析结果表明细菌、真菌、总磷脂脂肪酸与总碳、全磷、铵态氮、微生物量碳含量显著相关,总磷脂脂肪酸与酸碱度(pH)显著相关(P> 0.05).主成分分析表明第1主成分与第2主成分共同解释了微生物群落结构变化的97.86%,表明森林转换后不同林分的土壤微生物群落结构存在显著差异.冗余分析结果表明第一轴和第二轴分别解释了89.9%和6.7%,土壤全磷、铵态氮、硝态氮对土壤微生物群落结构的影响最大.本研究结果表明森林转换下土壤微生物群落结构与土壤养分含量具有显著相关性,这对于提高土壤肥力,营造可持续发展的杉木人工林有着重要参考价值.
Forest conversion is an important way of land-use change, which changes soil ecosystem by changing forest vegetation type. Soil microorganisms are an important component of soil ecosystem, and its change is closely related to the improvement of soil fertility. In this study, the phospholipid fatty acid method was used to determine the soil microcommunity structure, soil nutrients, and the relationship between the evergreen broad-leaved natural secondary forest and Chinese fir plantation in Wufang forest farm in Shunchang County, Nanping City. The results showed that the total carbon content, total phosphorus content, ammonium nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, and C/N ratio of the evergreen broad-leaved natural secondary forest were significantly higher than those of the Chinese fir plantation(P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the total nitrogen content and available phosphorus content between the two stands(P > 0.05). The grampositive bacteria, fungus, total phospholipid fatty acid(total PLFAs), gram-positive/gram-negative bacterial ratio(G+:G-) and fungal/bacterial(F:B) ratio of evergreen broad-leaved natural secondary forest were significantly higher than that of Chinese fir plantation. A Pearson correlation analysis showed that bacteria, fungi, and total PLFAs were significantly correlated with total carbon, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon content, and total phospholipid fatty acids were significantly correlated with pH(P > 0.05). A principal component analysis showed that the first and second principal components together explained 97.86% of the changes in microbial community structure, indicating significant differences in soil microbial community structure among different forest stands after forest conversion. A redundancy analysis showed that the first and second axes explained 89.9% and 6.7% respectively. Soil total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen had the greatest impact on soil microbial community structure. The results showed a significant correlation between soil microbial community structure and soil nutrient content under forest conversion, which was of important reference value for improving soil fertility and building sustainable Chinese fir plantation.
Forest conversion is an important way of land-use change, which changes soil ecosystem by changing forest vegetation type. Soil microorganisms are an important component of soil ecosystem, and its change is closely related to the improvement of soil fertility. In this study, the phospholipid fatty acid method was used to determine the soil microcommunity structure, soil nutrients, and the relationship between the evergreen broad-leaved natural secondary forest and Chinese fir plantation in Wufang forest farm in Shunchang County, Nanping City. The results showed that the total carbon content, total phosphorus content, ammonium nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, and C/N ratio of the evergreen broad-leaved natural secondary forest were significantly higher than those of the Chinese fir plantation(P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the total nitrogen content and available phosphorus content between the two stands(P > 0.05). The grampositive bacteria, fungus, total phospholipid fatty acid(total PLFAs), gram-positive/gram-negative bacterial ratio(G+:G-) and fungal/bacterial(F:B) ratio of evergreen broad-leaved natural secondary forest were significantly higher than that of Chinese fir plantation. A Pearson correlation analysis showed that bacteria, fungi, and total PLFAs were significantly correlated with total carbon, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon content, and total phospholipid fatty acids were significantly correlated with pH(P > 0.05). A principal component analysis showed that the first and second principal components together explained 97.86% of the changes in microbial community structure, indicating significant differences in soil microbial community structure among different forest stands after forest conversion. A redundancy analysis showed that the first and second axes explained 89.9% and 6.7% respectively. Soil total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen had the greatest impact on soil microbial community structure. The results showed a significant correlation between soil microbial community structure and soil nutrient content under forest conversion, which was of important reference value for improving soil fertility and building sustainable Chinese fir plantation.
引文
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4陈永顺.亚热带不同人工林土壤团聚体稳定性特征研究[J].安徽农学通报,2016,22(16):50-50[Chen YS.Study on stability characteristics of soil aggregates in different subtropical plantations[J].Anhui Agri Sci Bull,2016,22(16):50-50]
5 Chaparro JM,Sheflin AM,Manter DK,Vivanco JM.Manipulating the soil microbiome to increase soil health and plant fertility[J].Biol Fertil Soils,2012,48:489-499
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7 Lauber CL,Strickland MS,Bradford MA,Fierer N.The influence of soil properties on the structure of bacterial and fungal communities across land-use types[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2008,40(9):2407-2415
8 Waldrop MP,Balser TC,Firestone MK.Linking microbial community composition to function in a tropical soil[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2000,32(13):1837-1846
9 Grayston SJ,Campbell CD,Bardgett RD.Assessing shifts in microbial community structure across a range of rasslands of differing management intensity using CLPP,PLFA and community DNA techniques[J].Appl Soil Ecol,2004,25(1):63-84
10 Jangid K,Williams MA,Franzluebbers AJ,Schmidt TM,Coleman DC,Whitman WB.Land-use history has a stronger impact on soil microbial community composition than aboveground vegetation and soil properties[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2011,43(10):2184-2193
11 Krashevska V,Klarner B,Widyastuti R,Maraun M,Scheu S.Impact of tropical lowland rainforest conversion into rubber and oil palm plantations on soil microbial communities[J].Biol Fertil Soils,2015,51:697-705
12 Guo X,Chen HY,Meng M,Biswas SR,Ye LX,Zhang JC.Effects of land use change on the composition of soil microbial communities in a managed subtropical forest[J].For Ecol Manage,2016,373:93-99
13陈楚莹,廖利平,汪思龙.杉木人工林生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2000[Chen CY,Liao LP,Wang SL.Ecology of Chinese Fir Plantation[M].Beijing:Scinece Press,2000]
14 Frostegard A,Baath E,Tunlio A.Shifts in the structure of soil microbial communities in limed forests as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis[J].Soil Biol Biochem,1993,25(6):723-730
15 Carter MR.Soil sampling and methods of analysis[J].J Environ Qual,1993,38(1):15-24
16林启美,吴玉光,刘焕龙.熏蒸法测定土壤微生物量碳的改进[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(2):64-67[Lin QM,Wu YG,Liu HL.Modification of fumigation extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass carbon[J].Chin J Ecol,1999,18(2):64-67]
17 Mueller T,Joergensen RG,Meyer B.Estimation of soil microbial biomass C in the presence of living roots by fumigation-extraction[J].Soil Biol Biochem,1992,24(2):179-181
18 Frostegard A,Baath E,Tunlio A.Shifts in the structureof soil microbial communities in limed forests as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis[J].Soil Biol Biochem,1993,25:723-730
19 Nannipieri P,Ascher J,Ceccherini M,Landi L,Pietramellara G.Effects of root exudates in microbial diversity and activity in rhizosphere soil[J].Soil Biol,2008,15:339-365
20 Frosteg?rd A,B??th E.The use of phospholipid fatty acid analysis to estimate bacterial and fungal biomass in soil[J].Biol Fertil Soils,1996,22(1-2):59-65
21夏志超,孔垂华,王朋,陈龙池,汪思龙.杉木人工林土壤微生物群落结构特征[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(8):2135-2140[Xia ZC,Kong CH,Wang P,Chen LC,Wang SL.Soil microbial community structure of Chinese Fir Plantation[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2012,23(8):2135-2140]
22马瑞丰,刘金福,张广帅,吴则焰,洪伟,何中声.格氏栲林土壤生态化学计量和微生物群落特征及其关联性分析[J].植物资源与环境学报,2015,24(1):19-27[Ma RF,Liu JF,Zhang GS,Wu ZY,H W,He ZS.Soil ecostoichiometry and microbial community characteristics of Castanopsis kawakamii forest and their correlation analysis[J].J Plant Resour Environ,2015,24(1):19-27]
23 Waid JS.Does soil biodiversity depend upon metabiotic activity and influences?[J].App Soil Ecol,1999,13(2):151-158
24曾晓敏,高金涛,范跃新,袁萍,鲍勇,高颖,赵盼盼,司友涛,陈岳民,杨玉盛.森林转换后土壤因素影响中亚热带土壤磷的积累[J].生态学报,2017,10(13):1-8[Zeng XM,Gao JT,Fan YX,Y P,B Y,G Y,Zhao PP,Si YT,Chen YM,Yang YS.Effects of soil factors on phosphorus accumulation in subtropical soils after forest conversion[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2017,10(13):1-8]
25张南翼.模拟增温及氮沉降对松嫩草原土壤氮素、磷素耦合作用的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北师范大学,2010[Zhang NY.Effects of simulated warming and nitrogen deposition on soil nitrogen and phosphorus Coupling in Songnen grassland[D].Harbin:Northeast normal University,2010]
26罗达,刘顺,史作民,冯秋芳.川西亚高山不同林龄云杉人工林土壤微生物群落结构[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(2):519-527[Luo D,Liu S,Shi ZM,Feng QF.Soil microbial community structure of spruce plantations of different ages in subalpine regions of Western Sichuan[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2017,28(2):519-527]
27王卫霞,史作民,罗达,刘世荣,卢立华.南亚热带3种人工林土壤微生物生物量和微生物群落结构特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1784-1792[Wang WX,Shi ZM,Luo D,Liu SR,Lu LH.Characteristics of soil microbial biomass and community composition in three types of plantations in southern subtropical area of China[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2013,24(7):1784-1792]
28 Hogberg M,Hogberg P,Myrold D.Is microbial community composition in boreal forest soils determined by pH,CN ratio,the trees,or all three?[J].Oecologia,2007,150(4):590-601
29 Liu L,Gundersen P,Zhang T,Mo JM.Effects of phosphorus addition on soil microbial biomass and community composition in three forest types in tropical China[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2012,44(1):31-38
30 Ingwersen J,Poll C,Streck T,Kandeler E.Micro-scale modelling of carbon turnover driven by microbial succession at a biogeochemical interface[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2008,40(4):864-878
31 Blagodatskaya EV,Anderson TH.Interactive effects of pH and substrate quality on the fungal-to-bacterial ratio and qCO2 of microbial communities in forest soils[J].Soil Biol Biochem,1998,30(10-11):1269-1274
32 Fierer N,Schimel JP,Holden PA.Variations in microbial community composition through two soil depth profiles[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2003,35:167-176
2 Yang K,Zhu JJ,Yan QL,Sun OJ.Changes in soil P chemistry as affected by conversion of natural secondary forests Tolarch plantations[J].For Ecol Manage,2010,260(3):422-428
3 Pabst H,Kuhnel A,Kuzyakov Y.Effect of land use and elevation on microbial bio Mass and water extractable carbon in soils of Mt.Kilimanjaro Ecosystems[J].App Soil Ecol,2013,67(67):10-19
4陈永顺.亚热带不同人工林土壤团聚体稳定性特征研究[J].安徽农学通报,2016,22(16):50-50[Chen YS.Study on stability characteristics of soil aggregates in different subtropical plantations[J].Anhui Agri Sci Bull,2016,22(16):50-50]
5 Chaparro JM,Sheflin AM,Manter DK,Vivanco JM.Manipulating the soil microbiome to increase soil health and plant fertility[J].Biol Fertil Soils,2012,48:489-499
6 Bach LH,Grytnes JA,Halvorsen R,Ohlson M.Tree influence on soil microbial community structure[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2010,42(11):1934-1943
7 Lauber CL,Strickland MS,Bradford MA,Fierer N.The influence of soil properties on the structure of bacterial and fungal communities across land-use types[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2008,40(9):2407-2415
8 Waldrop MP,Balser TC,Firestone MK.Linking microbial community composition to function in a tropical soil[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2000,32(13):1837-1846
9 Grayston SJ,Campbell CD,Bardgett RD.Assessing shifts in microbial community structure across a range of rasslands of differing management intensity using CLPP,PLFA and community DNA techniques[J].Appl Soil Ecol,2004,25(1):63-84
10 Jangid K,Williams MA,Franzluebbers AJ,Schmidt TM,Coleman DC,Whitman WB.Land-use history has a stronger impact on soil microbial community composition than aboveground vegetation and soil properties[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2011,43(10):2184-2193
11 Krashevska V,Klarner B,Widyastuti R,Maraun M,Scheu S.Impact of tropical lowland rainforest conversion into rubber and oil palm plantations on soil microbial communities[J].Biol Fertil Soils,2015,51:697-705
12 Guo X,Chen HY,Meng M,Biswas SR,Ye LX,Zhang JC.Effects of land use change on the composition of soil microbial communities in a managed subtropical forest[J].For Ecol Manage,2016,373:93-99
13陈楚莹,廖利平,汪思龙.杉木人工林生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2000[Chen CY,Liao LP,Wang SL.Ecology of Chinese Fir Plantation[M].Beijing:Scinece Press,2000]
14 Frostegard A,Baath E,Tunlio A.Shifts in the structure of soil microbial communities in limed forests as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis[J].Soil Biol Biochem,1993,25(6):723-730
15 Carter MR.Soil sampling and methods of analysis[J].J Environ Qual,1993,38(1):15-24
16林启美,吴玉光,刘焕龙.熏蒸法测定土壤微生物量碳的改进[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(2):64-67[Lin QM,Wu YG,Liu HL.Modification of fumigation extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass carbon[J].Chin J Ecol,1999,18(2):64-67]
17 Mueller T,Joergensen RG,Meyer B.Estimation of soil microbial biomass C in the presence of living roots by fumigation-extraction[J].Soil Biol Biochem,1992,24(2):179-181
18 Frostegard A,Baath E,Tunlio A.Shifts in the structureof soil microbial communities in limed forests as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis[J].Soil Biol Biochem,1993,25:723-730
19 Nannipieri P,Ascher J,Ceccherini M,Landi L,Pietramellara G.Effects of root exudates in microbial diversity and activity in rhizosphere soil[J].Soil Biol,2008,15:339-365
20 Frosteg?rd A,B??th E.The use of phospholipid fatty acid analysis to estimate bacterial and fungal biomass in soil[J].Biol Fertil Soils,1996,22(1-2):59-65
21夏志超,孔垂华,王朋,陈龙池,汪思龙.杉木人工林土壤微生物群落结构特征[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(8):2135-2140[Xia ZC,Kong CH,Wang P,Chen LC,Wang SL.Soil microbial community structure of Chinese Fir Plantation[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2012,23(8):2135-2140]
22马瑞丰,刘金福,张广帅,吴则焰,洪伟,何中声.格氏栲林土壤生态化学计量和微生物群落特征及其关联性分析[J].植物资源与环境学报,2015,24(1):19-27[Ma RF,Liu JF,Zhang GS,Wu ZY,H W,He ZS.Soil ecostoichiometry and microbial community characteristics of Castanopsis kawakamii forest and their correlation analysis[J].J Plant Resour Environ,2015,24(1):19-27]
23 Waid JS.Does soil biodiversity depend upon metabiotic activity and influences?[J].App Soil Ecol,1999,13(2):151-158
24曾晓敏,高金涛,范跃新,袁萍,鲍勇,高颖,赵盼盼,司友涛,陈岳民,杨玉盛.森林转换后土壤因素影响中亚热带土壤磷的积累[J].生态学报,2017,10(13):1-8[Zeng XM,Gao JT,Fan YX,Y P,B Y,G Y,Zhao PP,Si YT,Chen YM,Yang YS.Effects of soil factors on phosphorus accumulation in subtropical soils after forest conversion[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2017,10(13):1-8]
25张南翼.模拟增温及氮沉降对松嫩草原土壤氮素、磷素耦合作用的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北师范大学,2010[Zhang NY.Effects of simulated warming and nitrogen deposition on soil nitrogen and phosphorus Coupling in Songnen grassland[D].Harbin:Northeast normal University,2010]
26罗达,刘顺,史作民,冯秋芳.川西亚高山不同林龄云杉人工林土壤微生物群落结构[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(2):519-527[Luo D,Liu S,Shi ZM,Feng QF.Soil microbial community structure of spruce plantations of different ages in subalpine regions of Western Sichuan[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2017,28(2):519-527]
27王卫霞,史作民,罗达,刘世荣,卢立华.南亚热带3种人工林土壤微生物生物量和微生物群落结构特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1784-1792[Wang WX,Shi ZM,Luo D,Liu SR,Lu LH.Characteristics of soil microbial biomass and community composition in three types of plantations in southern subtropical area of China[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2013,24(7):1784-1792]
28 Hogberg M,Hogberg P,Myrold D.Is microbial community composition in boreal forest soils determined by pH,CN ratio,the trees,or all three?[J].Oecologia,2007,150(4):590-601
29 Liu L,Gundersen P,Zhang T,Mo JM.Effects of phosphorus addition on soil microbial biomass and community composition in three forest types in tropical China[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2012,44(1):31-38
30 Ingwersen J,Poll C,Streck T,Kandeler E.Micro-scale modelling of carbon turnover driven by microbial succession at a biogeochemical interface[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2008,40(4):864-878
31 Blagodatskaya EV,Anderson TH.Interactive effects of pH and substrate quality on the fungal-to-bacterial ratio and qCO2 of microbial communities in forest soils[J].Soil Biol Biochem,1998,30(10-11):1269-1274
32 Fierer N,Schimel JP,Holden PA.Variations in microbial community composition through two soil depth profiles[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2003,35:167-176
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