丛枝菌根真菌对矿质养分活化作用研究进展
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摘要
丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)与大多数植物能够建立互惠共生体系,提高植物对水分和养分吸收,促进植物生长。AMF与植物共生可促进矿质养分活化释放,提高土壤养分生物有效性,改善植物营养状况。AMF与植物共生加速了玄武岩、长石、花岗岩、磷酸盐等矿物的风化速度,促进养分从矿物中析出; AMF与植物共生促进了土壤中磷素以及其他矿质元素活化,从而促进植物生长。AMF活化土壤养分的机理主要是能形成强大的菌丝网络,菌丝桥传递矿质养分;分泌多种酶类,参与土壤养分酶解;分泌有机酸,降低土壤pH值,活化土壤吸附及固持的养分;促进土壤微生物活性,调控养分转运蛋白等。AMF活化矿质养分受到矿物土壤类型、菌根真菌和共生植物种类及碳源分配等因素影响。AMF生物技术是显著提高退化土壤生态恢复的一种潜在机制。今后应大力开展丛枝菌根真菌对矿质养分活化作用的机制研究,对退化土壤高效菌种进行筛选,加强微生物肥料研究。
Arbuscular myc orrhizal fungi(AMF) form mutualistic symbioses with a wide diversity of plants to promote the growth of plants by increasing uptake of water and nutrients.The symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plants can promote the release of mineral nutrients,boost soil nutrients bioavailability,and improve plant nutrition.Such symbiosis may not only accelerate minerals(basalt,feldspar,granite,phosphate minerals) weathering to release nutrients from minerals,but also actively release phosphorus and other nutrients from soil and help plant growth.The mechanism of AMF activating mineral nutrient is mainly because AMF can form mycelium network so that mycorrhizal hyphae transfer mineral nutrients from soil to plant.Mycorrhizal fungi secrete various enzymes which can mineralize soil and release nutrient.Mycorrhizal fungi can also reduce soil pH,activate nutrients in soil.Moreover,mycorrhizal fungi promote microbial activity in soil and regulate nutrient transporter protein.The mineral nutrients activation of AMF is influenced by a number of factors,such as the presence of different types of minerals and soils,species of mycorrhizal fungi and symbiotic plant,as well as carbon source distribution.AMF biotechnology is a potential mechanism to significantly improve the ecological restoration of degraded soils.In the future,we should study the mechanism of arbuschular mycorrhizal fungi to activate mineral nutrients,screen predominant mycorrhizal fungi in degraded soils,enhance research on microbial fertilizers.
Arbuscular myc orrhizal fungi(AMF) form mutualistic symbioses with a wide diversity of plants to promote the growth of plants by increasing uptake of water and nutrients.The symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plants can promote the release of mineral nutrients,boost soil nutrients bioavailability,and improve plant nutrition.Such symbiosis may not only accelerate minerals(basalt,feldspar,granite,phosphate minerals) weathering to release nutrients from minerals,but also actively release phosphorus and other nutrients from soil and help plant growth.The mechanism of AMF activating mineral nutrient is mainly because AMF can form mycelium network so that mycorrhizal hyphae transfer mineral nutrients from soil to plant.Mycorrhizal fungi secrete various enzymes which can mineralize soil and release nutrient.Mycorrhizal fungi can also reduce soil pH,activate nutrients in soil.Moreover,mycorrhizal fungi promote microbial activity in soil and regulate nutrient transporter protein.The mineral nutrients activation of AMF is influenced by a number of factors,such as the presence of different types of minerals and soils,species of mycorrhizal fungi and symbiotic plant,as well as carbon source distribution.AMF biotechnology is a potential mechanism to significantly improve the ecological restoration of degraded soils.In the future,we should study the mechanism of arbuschular mycorrhizal fungi to activate mineral nutrients,screen predominant mycorrhizal fungi in degraded soils,enhance research on microbial fertilizers.
引文
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