新时代中国男子100m短跑:回顾与展望
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摘要
面对备战2020东京奥运的艰巨任务和体育强国建设的战略需要,运用文献资料调研、访谈和案例分析等研究方法系统分析了近10年,特别是新时代以来我国男子100 m短跑的成功经验,提出了未来发展措施以及对我国竞技体育的启示。中国男子100m短跑跻身世界一流的原因包括:1)践行科学化训练理念;2)打造良性团队竞争模式;3)实施"接力促单项"策略;4)贯彻"走出去,请进来"方针;5)组建完善的训练保障体系;6)注重提升运动员素养。中国男子100 m短跑未来高质量发展措施包括:1)以改革创新的态度坚持已有成功经验;2)注重青少年运动员的选拔培养;3)为"大龄"运动员创造优异成绩提供平台;4)加强退役运动员保障工作。中国男子100 m短跑的成功启示我们:1)新时代我国竞技体育的发展需要竞技体育自信;2)科技助力、"团队项目带动个人项目"策略以及传承与创新是竞技体育可借鉴的主要经验。
For the sake of preparing for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games and supporting the strategy of building China a world sportsuperpower, the aim of this paper is to systematically analyze the successful practical experience of China's 100 m men sprint since recent 10 years soas to put forward strategical suggestions for further development of China's sprint and elite sport. Various researchmethods wereadopted in this paper, such as documentary, in-depth interviews and case studies. Strategies that propel China's sprint into world classinclude: 1) applying scientific training principles; 2) building positive team competition culture; 3) promoting sprintthrough relay race training; 4) exchanging coaches and athletes with foreign countries; 5) improving the training-support system; 6)promoting athletes' personal quality. For high quality development of China's 100 m men sprint, it is suggested that:1) we should follow the successfulexperience with innovative spirit; 2) we need to emphasize the selection and training of youth sprinters;3) we should provide opportunitiesfor veteran sprinters in their late careers; 4)strengthen the support to retired sprinters.The success of China's 100 m men sprint has inspired us that we need to: 1) develop China's elite sports with confidence; 2) rely on scientific training approachesand the chemistry of teamwork, and carry on good traditions and be innovative.
For the sake of preparing for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games and supporting the strategy of building China a world sportsuperpower, the aim of this paper is to systematically analyze the successful practical experience of China's 100 m men sprint since recent 10 years soas to put forward strategical suggestions for further development of China's sprint and elite sport. Various researchmethods wereadopted in this paper, such as documentary, in-depth interviews and case studies. Strategies that propel China's sprint into world classinclude: 1) applying scientific training principles; 2) building positive team competition culture; 3) promoting sprintthrough relay race training; 4) exchanging coaches and athletes with foreign countries; 5) improving the training-support system; 6)promoting athletes' personal quality. For high quality development of China's 100 m men sprint, it is suggested that:1) we should follow the successfulexperience with innovative spirit; 2) we need to emphasize the selection and training of youth sprinters;3) we should provide opportunitiesfor veteran sprinters in their late careers; 4)strengthen the support to retired sprinters.The success of China's 100 m men sprint has inspired us that we need to: 1) develop China's elite sports with confidence; 2) rely on scientific training approachesand the chemistry of teamwork, and carry on good traditions and be innovative.
引文
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姜自立,李晓斌,刘瑞东,等,2018.短跑不同模式速度耐力训练对肌肉损伤的影响[J].中国体育科技,54(5):101-107.
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尚力沛,程传银,2016.第15届世界田径锦标赛竞争格局与中国田径发展对策分析[J].中国体育科技,52(4):127-132.
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王学坤,苑廷刚,2016.国际顶级100 m跑运动员体型与年龄变化趋势分析[J].中国体育科技,52(3):92-97.
王泽峰,何文捷,王新娜,等,2018.我国优秀男子百米运动员起跑加速技术分析[J].中国体育科技,54(5):108-111,145.
吴东州,2017.从2015年北京田径世锦赛中对苏炳添短跑技术特征分析[D]哈尔滨:哈尔滨.体育学院.
易文娟,詹晓梅,王双,等,2015.苏炳添、张培萌与博尔特百米技术差异分析[J].山东体育科技,37(2):63-65.
KUGLER F,JANSHEN L,2010.Body position determines propulsive forces in accelerated running[J].Crossref,43(2):343-348.
MACADAM P,CRONIN J B,UTHOFF A M,et al.,2018.Role of arm mechanicsduring sprint running a review of the literature and practical applications[J].Strength Cond J,40(5):14-23.
MORIN J B,EDOUARD P,SAMOZINO P,2011.Technical ability of force application as a determinant factor of sprint performance[J].Crossref,43(9):1680-1688.
NAGAHARA R,MIZUTANI M,MATSUO A,et al.,2017.Association of sprint performance with ground reaction forces during acceleratio.[J].Hum Kinet,1-7.
RUMPF M C,LOCKIE R G,CRONIN J B,et al.,2016.Effect of different sprint training methods on sprint performance over various distances:A brief review[J].Pubmed,30(6):85-1767.
SEITZ L B,HAFF G G,2016.Factors modulating post-activation potentiation of jump,sprint[J].Pubmed,46(2):40-231.
WINWOOD P W,POSTHUMUS L R,CRONIN J B,et al.,2016.The acute potentiating effects of heavy sled pulls on sprint performance[J].Crossref,30(5):1248-1254.
(1)需要说明的是，任何项目的突破都是多因素共同作用的结果，本研究未完全论述。
陈小平,2019.奥运训练的科技遗产[J].中国体育科技,55(1):4.
崔巍,2018.起跑器抵足板倾斜角度对男子短跑运动员起跑的影响[D].成都:成都体育学院.
房广顺,隗金成,2013.国家自信的理论基础与构建路径[J].人民论坛,11:178-181.
姜自立,李晓斌,刘瑞东,等,2018.短跑不同模式速度耐力训练对肌肉损伤的影响[J].中国体育科技,54(5):101-107.
姜自立,苑廷刚,王国杰,等,2018.2017年全运会男子100 m决赛运动员关键技术特征研究[J].中国体育科技,54(6):109-117.
劳义,2015.我国男子百米技术差异分析[D].南昌:江西师范大学.
尚力沛,程传银,2016.第15届世界田径锦标赛竞争格局与中国田径发展对策分析[J].中国体育科技,52(4):127-132.
王开元,刘宇,2019.科技助力奥运--新科技与挑战[J].中国体育科技,55(1):5-12.
王学坤,苑廷刚,2016.国际顶级100 m跑运动员体型与年龄变化趋势分析[J].中国体育科技,52(3):92-97.
王泽峰,何文捷,王新娜,等,2018.我国优秀男子百米运动员起跑加速技术分析[J].中国体育科技,54(5):108-111,145.
吴东州,2017.从2015年北京田径世锦赛中对苏炳添短跑技术特征分析[D]哈尔滨:哈尔滨.体育学院.
易文娟,詹晓梅,王双,等,2015.苏炳添、张培萌与博尔特百米技术差异分析[J].山东体育科技,37(2):63-65.
KUGLER F,JANSHEN L,2010.Body position determines propulsive forces in accelerated running[J].Crossref,43(2):343-348.
MACADAM P,CRONIN J B,UTHOFF A M,et al.,2018.Role of arm mechanicsduring sprint running a review of the literature and practical applications[J].Strength Cond J,40(5):14-23.
MORIN J B,EDOUARD P,SAMOZINO P,2011.Technical ability of force application as a determinant factor of sprint performance[J].Crossref,43(9):1680-1688.
NAGAHARA R,MIZUTANI M,MATSUO A,et al.,2017.Association of sprint performance with ground reaction forces during acceleratio.[J].Hum Kinet,1-7.
RUMPF M C,LOCKIE R G,CRONIN J B,et al.,2016.Effect of different sprint training methods on sprint performance over various distances:A brief review[J].Pubmed,30(6):85-1767.
SEITZ L B,HAFF G G,2016.Factors modulating post-activation potentiation of jump,sprint[J].Pubmed,46(2):40-231.
WINWOOD P W,POSTHUMUS L R,CRONIN J B,et al.,2016.The acute potentiating effects of heavy sled pulls on sprint performance[J].Crossref,30(5):1248-1254.
(1)需要说明的是，任何项目的突破都是多因素共同作用的结果，本研究未完全论述。