特大城市基层社会治理困境及其消解路径研究
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摘要
改革开放以来,我国特大城市发展具有时空压缩性,特大城市经济社会实现了跨越式发展,但与此同时,基层社会问题也大量涌现。由于特大城市具有社会结构复杂、利益分化严重、社会向心力弱化、社会事务繁多等特点,加剧了特大城市基层社会矛盾和社会冲突。特大城市已成为社会风险高发的场域,对特大城市基层社会实行有效治理迫在眉睫。然而,从目前我国特大城市基层社会治理的实践来看,存在诸多问题,具体表现出维稳目标与手段趋向异化、非制度化治理现象盛行、碎片化治理现象突显、过分追求技术理性、治理成果难以共享等现实样态。面对治理困境,以共建共治共享为治理价值取向,从改革维稳机制和激发社会活力、创新治理工具、实现社会治理法治化和制度化、构建整体性治理范式等方面试图消解特大城市基层社会治理的困境,以期为实现特大城市基层社会治理现代化探明路径。
Since the reform and opening up,the development of China's megacities has been compressed in time and space.Their economic and social development has achieved leap-forward development,but at the same time,a large number of grassroots social problems have emerged here. Because of the complex social structure,serious interest differentiation,weakening social centripetal force and numerous social affairs,mega-cities have intensified the social contradictions and social conflicts at the grass-roots level. In another word,megacities have become a field with high social risks,and it is extremely urgent to implement effective governance in the grassroots society in these places. However,from the current practice of grassroots social governance in China's megacities,there are many problems,specifically,the alienation of stabilization objectives and means,the prevalence of non-institutional governance,the phenomenon of fragmented governance,the excessive pursuit of technical rationality,and the difficulty of sharing governance achievements. Faced with the dilemma of governance,we should take co-construction,co-governance and sharing as the value orientation,and try to eliminate the problems from the aspects of reforming the mechanism of maintaining stability and stimulating social vitality,innovating governance tools,realizing the legalization and institutionalization of social governance,and constructing a holistic governance paradigm,so as to realize the modernization of grass-roots social governance in megacities.
Since the reform and opening up,the development of China's megacities has been compressed in time and space.Their economic and social development has achieved leap-forward development,but at the same time,a large number of grassroots social problems have emerged here. Because of the complex social structure,serious interest differentiation,weakening social centripetal force and numerous social affairs,mega-cities have intensified the social contradictions and social conflicts at the grass-roots level. In another word,megacities have become a field with high social risks,and it is extremely urgent to implement effective governance in the grassroots society in these places. However,from the current practice of grassroots social governance in China's megacities,there are many problems,specifically,the alienation of stabilization objectives and means,the prevalence of non-institutional governance,the phenomenon of fragmented governance,the excessive pursuit of technical rationality,and the difficulty of sharing governance achievements. Faced with the dilemma of governance,we should take co-construction,co-governance and sharing as the value orientation,and try to eliminate the problems from the aspects of reforming the mechanism of maintaining stability and stimulating social vitality,innovating governance tools,realizing the legalization and institutionalization of social governance,and constructing a holistic governance paradigm,so as to realize the modernization of grass-roots social governance in megacities.
引文
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[14]张振洋.公共服务项目化运作的后果是瓦解基层社会吗?———以上海S镇“乐妈园”项目为例[J].中国行政管理,2018,(8).
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[16]公秀丽.社会活力刍议[D].北京:清华大学,2006.
[17]陈发桂.基层维稳运行的路径选择———基于运行机制的制度性缺陷[J].福建行政学院学报,2010,(4).
[18]魏礼群.创新社会治理案例选(2014)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2015.
[19]曹堂哲,陈语.社会影响力投资:一种公共治理的新工具[J].中国行政管理,2018,(2).
[20]江必新,王红霞.国家治理现代化与社会治理[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2016.
[21]周庆智.县政治理:权威、资源、秩序[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2014.
[22]陈荣卓,颜慧娟.法治视域下的社会治理:区域实践与创新路径[J].江汉论坛,2013,(12).
[23]霍晓英.论新型城镇化战略与城市公共服务供给的制度研究[J].改革与战略,2014,(7).
(1)根据各城市统计局公布的2017年城市人口数据归纳所得。
[2][美]埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆.公共事物的治理之道:集体行动制度的演进[M].余逊达,陈旭东,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2012.
[3][美]罗伯特·达尔.多元主义民主的困境[M].周军华,译.长春:吉林人民出版社,2011.
[4]李友梅.我国特大城市基层社会治理创新分析[J].中共中央党校学报,2016,(2).
[5]陶希东.中国特大城市社会治理模式及机制重建策略[J].社会科学,2010,(11).
[6]戴俊峰,蔡恩奇.特大城市基层社会治理的机制与路径研究———基于重庆市五个社区的实地调研[J].管理观察,2016,(29).
[7]姜晓萍.国家治理现代化进程中的社会治理体制创新[J].中国行政管理,2014,(1).
[8]王浦劬.国家治理、政府治理和社会治理的含义及其相互关系[J].国家行政学院学报,2014,(3).
[9][荷]冯·巴克,王丽.社会的发展趋势[J].社会科学,2006,(7).
[10]陈发桂.基层维稳运行的路径选择———基于运行机制的制度性缺陷[J].福建行政学院学报,2010,(4).
[11]孟宪平,姚润田.国家治理语境中的非制度化生存研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2016.
[12]杨华锋.协同治理———社会治理现代化的历史进路[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2017.
[13]韩志明.技术理性与行政之恶———读《揭开行政之恶》[J].理论探索,2013,(1).
[14]张振洋.公共服务项目化运作的后果是瓦解基层社会吗?———以上海S镇“乐妈园”项目为例[J].中国行政管理,2018,(8).
[15]周大鸣.社会建设视野中的城市社区治理和多民族参与[J].思想战线,2012,(5).
[16]公秀丽.社会活力刍议[D].北京:清华大学,2006.
[17]陈发桂.基层维稳运行的路径选择———基于运行机制的制度性缺陷[J].福建行政学院学报,2010,(4).
[18]魏礼群.创新社会治理案例选(2014)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2015.
[19]曹堂哲,陈语.社会影响力投资:一种公共治理的新工具[J].中国行政管理,2018,(2).
[20]江必新,王红霞.国家治理现代化与社会治理[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2016.
[21]周庆智.县政治理:权威、资源、秩序[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2014.
[22]陈荣卓,颜慧娟.法治视域下的社会治理:区域实践与创新路径[J].江汉论坛,2013,(12).
[23]霍晓英.论新型城镇化战略与城市公共服务供给的制度研究[J].改革与战略,2014,(7).
(1)根据各城市统计局公布的2017年城市人口数据归纳所得。
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