益生菌和玉屏风散多糖对生长猪生长性能和血清免疫指标的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究益生菌、玉屏风散多糖以及益生菌和玉屏风散多糖合用对生长猪生长性能和血清免疫指标的影响。采用单因素随机试验设计,选取96头杜长大三元杂交生长猪,体重(13.12±1.32) kg,将试验猪随机分为4组,分别为空白对照组(Ⅰ组,基础日粮)、益生菌组(Ⅱ组,基础日粮+0.15%益生菌)、玉屏风散多糖组(Ⅲ组,基础日粮+0.04%玉屏风散多糖)和综合试验组(Ⅳ组,基础日粮+0.15%益生菌+0.04%玉屏风散多糖),每组3个重复,每个重复8头猪;试验共计60 d,分两阶段进行,第一阶段为1～30 d,第二阶段为31～60 d。结果表明,生长性能方面:在第一阶段,在末重、平均日增重上Ⅱ～Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ组(对照组)(P<0.05),而料重比显著下降(P<0.05),在初重和平均日采食量上差异不显著(P>0.05);在第二阶段,在末重上Ⅱ～Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而料重比显著下降(P<0.05),在平均日增重和平均日采食量上差异不显著(P>0.05);在整个试验周期内,与Ⅰ组(对照组)相比,Ⅱ～Ⅳ组平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05),平均日采食量差异不显著(P>0.05)。血清免疫指标方面:第一阶段和第二阶段中,Ⅳ组IgG和IgA水平均显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ～Ⅳ组的总蛋白含量均高于Ⅰ组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可知,在仔猪基础日粮中分别添加0.15%益生菌和0.04%玉屏风散多糖均能够提高仔猪机体免疫能力和生长性能,且同时添加0.15%益生菌与0.04%玉屏风散多糖能够显著提高血清中IgG和IgA水平,促进机体吸收营养物质,提高仔猪生长性能。
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of probiotics, Yupingfengsan polysac-charide, probiotics and Yupingfengsan polysaccharide on growth performance and serum immune indi-ces of growing pigs. A single factor randomized trial was conducted to select 96 pigs "Duroc×Landra-ce×Yorkshire" growing and weighing(13.12±1.32) kg. The pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups:They were blank control group(Group Ⅰ, basal diet), probiotics group(Group Ⅱ, basal diet+0.15%probiotics), Yupingfengsan polysaccharide group(Group Ⅲ, basal diet+0.04% Yupingfengsan polysac-charide) and comprehensive test group(Group Ⅳ, basal diet+0.15% probiotics+0.04% Yupingfengsanpolysaccharide), with 3 replicates in each group and 8 pigs per replicate; The experiment lasted for 60 days, divided into two stages, the first stagewas 1～30 days, and the second stage was 31～60 days. The results showed that: aspect ofgrowth performance: In the first stage, the Ⅱ～Ⅳgroup was significantly higher than the I group(control group) in the final weight and averagedaily gain, while the feed weight ratio decreased significantly(P<0.05),there was no significant difference in the initial weight and average daily feed in-take(P>0.05); In the second stage, the Ⅱ～Ⅳ group was significantly higher than the I group at the fi-nal weight, and the feed to weight ratio decreased significantly(P<0.05), there was no significant differ-ence in average daily gain and average daily feed intake(P>0.05). During the whole test period, com-pared with group Ⅰ(control group), the average daily gain of group Ⅱ～Ⅳ was significantly increased(P<0.05), the feed weight ratio was significantly decreased(P<0.05), and the average daily feed intakewas not significantly different(P>0.05). Serum immune indexes: In the first and second stages, Ig Gand Ig A in group Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in group Ⅰ(P<0.05), and total protein ingroup Ⅱ～Ⅳ was higher than that in group Ⅰ, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). The re-sults showed that 0.15% probiotics and 0.04% Yupingfengsan polysaccharides could improve the im-munity and growth performance of piglets. At the same time, 0.15% probiotics and 0.04% Yupingfeng-san polysaccharide could significantly increase the levels of Ig G and Ig A in serum, promote the bodyto absorb nutrients, and improve the growth performance of piglets.
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of probiotics, Yupingfengsan polysac-charide, probiotics and Yupingfengsan polysaccharide on growth performance and serum immune indi-ces of growing pigs. A single factor randomized trial was conducted to select 96 pigs "Duroc×Landra-ce×Yorkshire" growing and weighing(13.12±1.32) kg. The pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups:They were blank control group(Group Ⅰ, basal diet), probiotics group(Group Ⅱ, basal diet+0.15%probiotics), Yupingfengsan polysaccharide group(Group Ⅲ, basal diet+0.04% Yupingfengsan polysac-charide) and comprehensive test group(Group Ⅳ, basal diet+0.15% probiotics+0.04% Yupingfengsanpolysaccharide), with 3 replicates in each group and 8 pigs per replicate; The experiment lasted for 60 days, divided into two stages, the first stagewas 1～30 days, and the second stage was 31～60 days. The results showed that: aspect ofgrowth performance: In the first stage, the Ⅱ～Ⅳgroup was significantly higher than the I group(control group) in the final weight and averagedaily gain, while the feed weight ratio decreased significantly(P<0.05),there was no significant difference in the initial weight and average daily feed in-take(P>0.05); In the second stage, the Ⅱ～Ⅳ group was significantly higher than the I group at the fi-nal weight, and the feed to weight ratio decreased significantly(P<0.05), there was no significant differ-ence in average daily gain and average daily feed intake(P>0.05). During the whole test period, com-pared with group Ⅰ(control group), the average daily gain of group Ⅱ～Ⅳ was significantly increased(P<0.05), the feed weight ratio was significantly decreased(P<0.05), and the average daily feed intakewas not significantly different(P>0.05). Serum immune indexes: In the first and second stages, Ig Gand Ig A in group Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in group Ⅰ(P<0.05), and total protein ingroup Ⅱ～Ⅳ was higher than that in group Ⅰ, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). The re-sults showed that 0.15% probiotics and 0.04% Yupingfengsan polysaccharides could improve the im-munity and growth performance of piglets. At the same time, 0.15% probiotics and 0.04% Yupingfeng-san polysaccharide could significantly increase the levels of Ig G and Ig A in serum, promote the bodyto absorb nutrients, and improve the growth performance of piglets.
引文
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[2]毛倩,陈代文,余冰,等.复合益生素对生长育肥猪生产性能、盲肠菌群及代谢产物的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(17):34-39.
[3]刘辉,季海峰,王四新,等.益生菌对生长猪生长性能、粪便微生物数量、养分表观消化率和血清免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(3):829-837.
[4]胡雄贵,蔡文杰,邓缘,等.玉屏风散多糖对仔猪免疫力和猪瘟抗体水平的影响[J].养猪,2017(2):121-123.
[5]周巍,袁嘉丽,佟晓琳,等.玉屏风散的免疫调节作用及机制研究概况[J].甘肃中医学院学报,2015(1):67-69.
[6]邓缘,蔡文杰,胡雄贵,等.玉屏风散多糖对仔猪生长性能和抗氧化性的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018(2):174-176.
[7]Davis M E,Brown D C,Baker A,et al.Effect of direct-fed microbial and antibiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal microflora,mucinhistochemical characterization,and immune populations of weanling pigs[J].Livestock Science,2007,108(1):249-253.
[8]刘金阳.饲粮中添加益生菌对苏淮猪生长性能、胃肠道p H和肉品质的影响[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2014.
[9]罗佳捷,肖淑华,刘云华,等.益生菌制剂对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响研究[J].饲料工业,2014(14):38-40.
[10]Giang H H,Viet T Q,Ogle B,et al.Growth performance,digestibility,gut environment and health status in weaned piglets fed a diet supplemented with potentially probiotic complexes of lactic acid bacteria[J].Livestock Science,2010,129(1):95-103.
[11]周盟,张乃锋,董晓丽,等.益生菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫器官指数及胃肠道p H的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(2):445-452.
[12]杨久仙,张荣飞,郭江鹏,等.复合益生菌对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清免疫指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2014,46(11):74-76.
[13]王四新,季海峰,刘辉,等.猪源发酵乳酸杆菌对保育猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、粪便微生物数量及血清免疫指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(5):1215-1220.
[14]汤滢,江国荣.玉屏风散不同方法提取物免疫增强效应的实验研究进展[J].安徽医药,2011,15(2):141-143.
[2]毛倩,陈代文,余冰,等.复合益生素对生长育肥猪生产性能、盲肠菌群及代谢产物的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(17):34-39.
[3]刘辉,季海峰,王四新,等.益生菌对生长猪生长性能、粪便微生物数量、养分表观消化率和血清免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(3):829-837.
[4]胡雄贵,蔡文杰,邓缘,等.玉屏风散多糖对仔猪免疫力和猪瘟抗体水平的影响[J].养猪,2017(2):121-123.
[5]周巍,袁嘉丽,佟晓琳,等.玉屏风散的免疫调节作用及机制研究概况[J].甘肃中医学院学报,2015(1):67-69.
[6]邓缘,蔡文杰,胡雄贵,等.玉屏风散多糖对仔猪生长性能和抗氧化性的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018(2):174-176.
[7]Davis M E,Brown D C,Baker A,et al.Effect of direct-fed microbial and antibiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal microflora,mucinhistochemical characterization,and immune populations of weanling pigs[J].Livestock Science,2007,108(1):249-253.
[8]刘金阳.饲粮中添加益生菌对苏淮猪生长性能、胃肠道p H和肉品质的影响[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2014.
[9]罗佳捷,肖淑华,刘云华,等.益生菌制剂对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响研究[J].饲料工业,2014(14):38-40.
[10]Giang H H,Viet T Q,Ogle B,et al.Growth performance,digestibility,gut environment and health status in weaned piglets fed a diet supplemented with potentially probiotic complexes of lactic acid bacteria[J].Livestock Science,2010,129(1):95-103.
[11]周盟,张乃锋,董晓丽,等.益生菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫器官指数及胃肠道p H的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(2):445-452.
[12]杨久仙,张荣飞,郭江鹏,等.复合益生菌对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清免疫指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2014,46(11):74-76.
[13]王四新,季海峰,刘辉,等.猪源发酵乳酸杆菌对保育猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、粪便微生物数量及血清免疫指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(5):1215-1220.
[14]汤滢,江国荣.玉屏风散不同方法提取物免疫增强效应的实验研究进展[J].安徽医药,2011,15(2):141-143.
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