果实采收后葡萄植株不同节位叶片光合特性的变化规律
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摘要
【目的】探索广西气候条件下葡萄夏果采收后叶片光合特性变化,为葡萄栽培模式等理论研究和生产实际提供依据。【方法】以阳光玫瑰葡萄为材料,于2017年葡萄采收后75 d至开始落叶期间定时监测日平均温度、日光照时数和日平均光照度环境参数指标,同时测定第2、4、6、8、10、12和14节位叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值),分别在人工LED光源[红∶蓝∶白=90∶5∶5,1200μmol/(m2·s)]和自然光照下,利用CIRAS-3便捷式光合仪测定上述节位叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(E)。【结果】葡萄采后75～110 d的日平均温度始终高于20℃、日照时数大于8.0 h、日平均光照度维持在28000.0 lx以上,各节位叶片SPAD值下降缓慢。在人工和自然光源下,总体上表现为采后110 d前高节位(第10、12和14节位)叶片的Pn、Gs和E显著高于基部(第2、4和6节位)叶片(P<0.05),各节位叶片Pn、Gs和E平缓下降;采后110 d后随各环境因子急剧下降,各节位叶片Pn、Gs、E和SPAD值也急剧下降,高、低节位间差距逐渐变小。在人工和自然光源下,随时间推移Ci不断升高,高节位叶片Ci低于基部叶片。【结论】广西南宁地区葡萄采收后4个月内温度和光照均处在较高水平,而葡萄基部叶片长期保持在较低的光合水平,不利于枝梢及叶片养分充分回流,影响第2季植株花芽分化及产量形成。因此,生产上建议去除基部叶片或采用破眠技术使葡萄休眠冬芽萌发新梢开启第2个生长周期,以充分利用桂南下半年丰富的温光资源。
【Objective】Leaf photosynthetic characteristics of summer grape after harvest under Guangxi climate was studied to provide reference for grape cultivation model theory research and actual production.【Method】Shine Muscat was used as the material and the study was conducted from 75 d after harvest to defoliation stage in 2017. Environmental parameters such as daily average temperature,total sunshine hours and the daily average light intensity were monitored.The photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2concentration(Ci)and transpiration rate(E)of different nodes(2nd,4th,6th,8th,10 th,12thand 14th)leaves were measured by CIRAS-3 under LED light[red∶blue∶white=90∶5∶5,1200 μmol/(m2·s)]and natural light respectively. The chlorophyll content(SPAD value)of the above leaves were also determined.【Result】The result showed that during 75-110 d after harvest,the daily average temperature was always higher than 20 ℃,the total sunshine hours were more than 8.0 h,and the daily average light intensity was maintained above 28000.0 lx. Under the LED light,the Pn,Gs,E in high nodes(10th,12 thand 14th)leaves were significantly higher than in low nodes(2nd,4thand 6th)leaves(P<0.05). The changes of Pn,Gs,E and the content of SPAD value in leaves decreased slowly from 75 to 110 d. After 110 d,the environmental parameters decreased sharply,and the Pn,Gs,E and SPAD value of each node also showed a sharp decline trend and there were less differences between high and low node leaves. Under LED light and natural light,the Ciincreased constantly,and Ciof high node leaves was less than low node leaves.【Conclusion】The environmental temperature and natural light conditions within four months after harvest in Nanning,Guangxi maintain at a high level. However,the overall photosynthesis level of grape lower node leaves is low.It is disadvantageous for the nutrients reflux of shoots and leaves,which will affect the flower bud differentiation and yield formation in the second season. It is recommended to remove useless leaves or use the technology of breaking sleep to promote sprouts,start a new growth cycle,and make full use of the abundant warm and light resources in southern Guangxi in the second half of the year to produce the second fruit.
【Objective】Leaf photosynthetic characteristics of summer grape after harvest under Guangxi climate was studied to provide reference for grape cultivation model theory research and actual production.【Method】Shine Muscat was used as the material and the study was conducted from 75 d after harvest to defoliation stage in 2017. Environmental parameters such as daily average temperature,total sunshine hours and the daily average light intensity were monitored.The photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2concentration(Ci)and transpiration rate(E)of different nodes(2nd,4th,6th,8th,10 th,12thand 14th)leaves were measured by CIRAS-3 under LED light[red∶blue∶white=90∶5∶5,1200 μmol/(m2·s)]and natural light respectively. The chlorophyll content(SPAD value)of the above leaves were also determined.【Result】The result showed that during 75-110 d after harvest,the daily average temperature was always higher than 20 ℃,the total sunshine hours were more than 8.0 h,and the daily average light intensity was maintained above 28000.0 lx. Under the LED light,the Pn,Gs,E in high nodes(10th,12 thand 14th)leaves were significantly higher than in low nodes(2nd,4thand 6th)leaves(P<0.05). The changes of Pn,Gs,E and the content of SPAD value in leaves decreased slowly from 75 to 110 d. After 110 d,the environmental parameters decreased sharply,and the Pn,Gs,E and SPAD value of each node also showed a sharp decline trend and there were less differences between high and low node leaves. Under LED light and natural light,the Ciincreased constantly,and Ciof high node leaves was less than low node leaves.【Conclusion】The environmental temperature and natural light conditions within four months after harvest in Nanning,Guangxi maintain at a high level. However,the overall photosynthesis level of grape lower node leaves is low.It is disadvantageous for the nutrients reflux of shoots and leaves,which will affect the flower bud differentiation and yield formation in the second season. It is recommended to remove useless leaves or use the technology of breaking sleep to promote sprouts,start a new growth cycle,and make full use of the abundant warm and light resources in southern Guangxi in the second half of the year to produce the second fruit.
引文
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郭荣荣,成果,陆正义,曹雄军,王博,张瑛,谢太理,杨顺林,王世平,白先进.2016a.有效积温和光照时数对桂南一年两收栽培模式下巨峰和夏黑葡萄物候期的影响[J].南方园艺,27(6):18-20.[Guo R R,Cheng G,Lu Z Y,Cao X J,Wang B,Zhang Y,Xie T L,Yang S L,Wang SP,Bai X J.2016a.Effects of effective accumulated temperature and illumination hours on the grapes in the twoyear cultivation mode of south Guangxi[J].Southern Horticulture,27(6):18-20.]
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何凤,王森,张龙,刘源,晏巢,沈植国.2015.两个金银花品种光合作用日变化的比较[J].经济林研究,33(1):39-44.[He F,Wang S,Zhang L,Liu Y,Yan C,Shen Z G.2015.Comparison of diurnal variations of photosynthesis between two cultivars of Lonicera japonica[J].Nonwood Forest Research,33(1):39-44.]
侯旭东,孟令松,高世敏,陶建敏.2017.采收后结果枝短截对“夏黑”葡萄基部叶片光合特性的影响[J].中国南方果树,46(1):99-103.[Hou X D,Meng L S,Gao S M,Tao J M.2017.Effects of short-cut results on the photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves of Summer Black grape after harvesting[J].South China Fruits,46(1):99-103.]
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