新疆枣棉间作下棉花光合特性及产量变化
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摘要
为了解枣棉间作模式中棉花的光合特性及产量,通过在棉花的苗期、现蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期利用Li-6400光合仪测量单作、间作下棉花的光合特性,分析比较单作、间作产量及经济产值。结果表明:单作、间作光合特性差异在花铃期最大,间作棉花在花铃期净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)比单作棉花分别低31.33%、15.13%、22.39%,而胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)比单作棉花高8.90%;产量上间作棉花的收获株数、总成铃数、皮棉产量比单作棉花分别低28.26%、32.7%、41.61%;枣棉间作在土地利用率和总经济产值上具有明显优势,表现在枣棉间作模式提高了35%的土地利用率,比同面积单作棉花提高了41.27%的经济产值,比同面积单作枣树提高了30.63%的经济产值。枣棉间作下,间作对棉花光合的不利影响随着枣树和棉花的共进生长逐渐增大,间作造成棉花的减产,但是具有大幅提高土地利用率和经济效益的作用。
In order to understand the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton in intercropping system,the photosynthetic characteristics of cotton in sole-cropping and intercropping cotton-jujube were measured by using Li-6400 photosynthesis system at the seedling stage,squaring stage,flower and boll stage,and boll opening stage of cotton. Analysis of yield and economic output value of cotton in sole-cropping and intercropping cotton-jujube.The results showed that the most significant differences of photosynthetic characteristics between sole-cropping and intercropping were in flower and boll stages. The net photosynthetic rate( Pn),transpiration rate( Tr),and stomatal conductance( Gs) of intercropped cotton were 31.33%,15.13%,and 22.39% lower than that of sole-cropping,respectively. The intercellular CO_2 concentration( Ci) of intercropped cotton was 8.90% higher than that of the solecropping. The yield of intercropped cotton on the harvest plants,number of bolls hectare,and lint yield were28.26%,32.7%,and 41.61% lower than that of the sole-cropping,respectively. In the land-use efficiency and the economic output value of cotton,intercropping had obvious advantages over sole-cropping. It showed that the jujube-cotton intercropping increased the land-use efficiency by 35% and increased the economic output value by41.27% compared with that of the same area of sole cotton,and it increased the economic output value by 30.63%compared with that of the same area of sole jujube. In the jujube-cotton system the adverse effects of intercropping on photosynthesis increased with the growth of jujube and cotton,it reduced cotton yield but it greatly increased the land utilization ratio and economic return.
In order to understand the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton in intercropping system,the photosynthetic characteristics of cotton in sole-cropping and intercropping cotton-jujube were measured by using Li-6400 photosynthesis system at the seedling stage,squaring stage,flower and boll stage,and boll opening stage of cotton. Analysis of yield and economic output value of cotton in sole-cropping and intercropping cotton-jujube.The results showed that the most significant differences of photosynthetic characteristics between sole-cropping and intercropping were in flower and boll stages. The net photosynthetic rate( Pn),transpiration rate( Tr),and stomatal conductance( Gs) of intercropped cotton were 31.33%,15.13%,and 22.39% lower than that of sole-cropping,respectively. The intercellular CO_2 concentration( Ci) of intercropped cotton was 8.90% higher than that of the solecropping. The yield of intercropped cotton on the harvest plants,number of bolls hectare,and lint yield were28.26%,32.7%,and 41.61% lower than that of the sole-cropping,respectively. In the land-use efficiency and the economic output value of cotton,intercropping had obvious advantages over sole-cropping. It showed that the jujube-cotton intercropping increased the land-use efficiency by 35% and increased the economic output value by41.27% compared with that of the same area of sole cotton,and it increased the economic output value by 30.63%compared with that of the same area of sole jujube. In the jujube-cotton system the adverse effects of intercropping on photosynthesis increased with the growth of jujube and cotton,it reduced cotton yield but it greatly increased the land utilization ratio and economic return.
引文
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[15] Narla R D,Muthomi J W,Gachu S M,et al. Effect of intercrop-ping bulb onion and vegetables on purple blotch and downymildew[J]. Journal of Biological Sciences,2011,11(1):52-57.
[16]朱锦惠,董坤,杨智仙,等.间套作控制作物病害的机理研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(4):1117-1126.
[2] Su P,Liu X. Photosynthetic characteristics of linze jujube in con-ditions of high temperature and irradiation[J].Scientia Horticultu-rae,2005,104(3):339-350.
[3]郝向东,李鲁华,张伟.枣棉间作系统光合特性研究[J].新疆农垦科技,2016,39(2):6-8.
[4]宋锋惠,吴正保,史彦江.枣棉间作对棉花产量和光环境的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2011,48(9):1624-1628.
[5]蔡承智,高军,陈阜.土地当量比(LER)的计算校正探讨[J].耕作与栽培,2003,(5):18-20.
[6]周长东,武永祥.枣树与小麦实行间作技术[J].经济林研究,1998,(1):37-37.
[7]陈根云,陈娟,许大全.关于净光合速率和胞间CO2浓度关系的思考[J].植物生理学报,2010,46(1):64-66.
[8]于界芬.树木蒸腾耗水特点及解剖结构的研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2003.
[9]陈荣江,朱明哲,孙长法.不同生态环境对棉花产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(5):1315-1316.
[10]戴路,何翔.枣棉间作棉花产量情况调查分析[J].中国棉花,2007,34(12):30-31.
[11]刘玉华,张立峰.不同种植方式土地利用效率的定量评价[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(01):57-60.
[12]夏婵娟,史彦江.枣棉间作的生态效应对棉花产量的影响[J].西安工程大学学报,2012,26(02):161-167.
[13]晁海,张大海,徐林,等.杏棉间作系统小气候水平分布特征研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2007,30(01):35-39.
[14]蔡祖聪,黄新琦.土壤学不应忽视对作物土传病原微生物的研究[J].土壤学报,2016,53(02):305-310.
[15] Narla R D,Muthomi J W,Gachu S M,et al. Effect of intercrop-ping bulb onion and vegetables on purple blotch and downymildew[J]. Journal of Biological Sciences,2011,11(1):52-57.
[16]朱锦惠,董坤,杨智仙,等.间套作控制作物病害的机理研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(4):1117-1126.
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